Blood pressure-related electrocardiographic findings in healthy young individuals

References

• Moreno MU, Eiros R, Gavira JJ. The hypertensive myocardium: from microscopic lesions to clinical complications and outcomes. Med Clin North Am. 2017;101(1):43–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiremath P, Bauer M, Aguirre AD, et al. Identifying early changes in myocardial microstructure in hypertensive heart disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidean GD, Manczuk M, Magnani JW. Atrial electrocardiography in obesity and hypertension: clinical insights from the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS). Obesity. 2016;24(12):2608–2614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagirci G, Cay S, Karakurt O, et al. P-wave dispersion increases in prehypertension. Blood Pressure. 2009;18(1–2):51–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emiroglu MY, Bulut M, Sahin M, et al. Assessment of atrial conduction time in patients with essential hypertension. J Electrocardiol. 2011;44(2):251–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau YF, Yiu KH, Siu CW, et al. Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26(10):563–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francia P, Ricotta A, Balla C, et al. P-wave duration in lead aVR and the risk of atrial fibrillation in hypertension. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2015;20(2):167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnani JW, Lopez FL, Soliman EZ, et al. P wave indices, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Obesity. 2012;20(3):666–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenyo A, Zaręba W. Prognostic significance of QRS duration and morphology. Cardiol J. 2011;18(1):8–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph J, Claggett BC, Anand IS, et al. QRS duration is a predictor of adverse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(6):477–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdogan T, Durakoglugil ME, Cicek Y, et al. Prolonged QRS duration on surface electrocardiogram is associated with left ventricular restrictive filling pattern. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2017;9(1):9–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. Jama. 2004;292(19):2343–2349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang D, Lang C. The prognostic value of the ECG in hypertension: where are we now? J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22(7):460–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonati LM, Magnaghi G, Bizzi C, et al. Patterns of QT dispersion in athletic and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2004;9(3):252–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ale OK, Ajuluchukwu JN, Ok DA, et al. Impact of prehypertension on left ventricular mass and QT dispersion in adult black Nigerians. Cardiovasc J Africa. 2014;25(2):78–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogru MT, Guneri M, Tireli E, et al. QT interval and dispersion differences between normal and prehypertensive patients: effects of autonomic and left ventricular functional and structural changes. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2009;9(1):15–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oikarinen L, Nieminen MS, Viitasalo M, et al. Relation of QT interval and QT dispersion to echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric pattern in hypertensive patients. The LIFE study. The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction. J Hypertens. 2001;19(10):1883–1891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabutoya T, Ishikawa S, Ishikawa J, et al. P-wave morphologic characteristics predict cardiovascular events in a community-dwelling population. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2012;17(3):252–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903–1913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salles GF, Cardoso CR, Muxfeldt ES. Prognostic value of ventricular repolarization prolongation in resistant hypertension: a prospective cohort study. J Hypertens. 2009;27(5):1094–1101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siscovick DS, Raghunathan TE, Rautaharju P, et al. Clinically silent electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of primary cardiac arrest among hypertensive patients. Circulation. 1996;94(6):1329–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. Blood Pressure. 2018;27(6):314–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanindi A, Alhan A, Tore HF. Tp-e/QT ratio and QT dispersion with respect to blood pressure dipping pattern in prehypertension. Blood Pressure Monit. 2015;20(2):69–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimas J, Stankovicova T, Kyselovic J, et al. Prolonged QT interval is associated with blood pressure rather than left ventricular mass in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008;30(7):475–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles U, Almuntaser I, Brown A, et al. Ventricular activation time as a marker for diastolic dysfunction in early hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(7):781–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannesen L, Vicente J, Gray RA, et al. Improving the assessment of heart toxicity for all new drugs through translational regulatory science. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;95(5):501–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg A, Lehmann MH. Prolonged QT interval diagnosis suppression by a widely used computerized ECG analysis system. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6(1):76–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon K, Okin PM, Kligfield P. Diagnostic performance of a computer-based ECG rhythm algorithm. J Electrocardiol. 2005;38(3):235–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong AM, Van Gelder IC, Vreeswijk-Baudoin I, et al. Atrial remodeling is directly related to end-diastolic left ventricular pressure in a mouse model of ventricular pressure overload. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e72651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanif W, Alex L, Su Y, et al. Left atrial remodeling, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mouse models of heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2017;30:27–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinsaft JW, Kochav JD, Kim J, et al. P wave area for quantitative electrocardiographic assessment of left atrial remodeling. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikarinen L, Nieminen MS, Viitasalo M, et al. QRS duration and QT interval predict mortality in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Hypertension. 2004;43(5):1029–1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porthan K, Virolainen J, Hiltunen TP, et al. Relationship of electrocardiographic repolarization measures to echocardiographic left ventricular mass in men with hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007;25(9):1951–1957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roukema G, Singh JP, Meijs M, et al. Effect of exercise-induced ischemia on QT interval dispersion. Am Heart J. 1998;135(1):88–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes S, Terzic A, Mahoney DW, et al. K(ATP) channel polymorphism is associated with left ventricular size in hypertensive individuals: a large-scale community-based study. Hum Genet. 2008;123(6):665–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICH. E14 (R3). Clinical evaluation of QT/QTc interval prolongation and proarrhythmic potential for non-antiarrhythmic drugs – questions and answers. 2016. Available from: https://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/efficacy/efficacy-single/article/questions-answers-the-clinical-evaluation-of-qtqtc-interval-prolongation-and-proarrhythmic-poten.html
   Google Scholar
• Sokolow M, Lyon TP. The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads. 1949. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2001;6(4):343–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molloy TJ, Okin PM, Devereux RB, et al. Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by the simple QRS voltage-duration product. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(5):1180–1186.]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar