Gender differences in healthcare management of depression: aspects of sick leave and treatment with psychoactive drugs in a Swedish setting

References

• Ekman M, Granstrom O, Omerov S, et al. The societal cost of depression: evidence from 10,000 Swedish patients in psychiatric care. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:790–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews G, Poulton R, Skoog I. Lifetime risk of depression: restricted to a minority or waiting for most? Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187:495–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA. 1996;276:293–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011;106:906–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbreich U, Kahn LS. Atypical depression, somatic depression and anxious depression in women: are they gender-preferred phenotypes? J Affect Disord. 2007;102:245–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedland KE, Carney RM. Depression as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in coronary heart disease. BMC Med. 2013;11:131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thunander Sundbom L, Hedborg K. Association between prescribed antidepressants and other prescribed drugs differ by gender: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden. Nord J Psychiatry. 2019;73:73–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattisson C, Bogren M, Nettelbladt P, et al. First incidence depression in the Lundby Study: a comparison of the two time periods 1947–1972 and 1972–1997. J Affective Disorders. 2005;87:151–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidwall U. Sick leave diagnoses and return to work: a Swedish register study. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37:396–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Women are more ill, after all (Kvinnor trots allt sjukast). In Swedish. (Promemoria 11th of may, 2010, Ner 039298-2010). Stockholm. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Noble RE. Depression in women. Metab Clin Exp. 2005;54:49–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, et al. Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. J Affective Disorders. 1993;29:85–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wändell P, Carlsson AC, Wettermark B, et al. Most common diseases diagnosed in primary care in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2011. Family Practice. 2013;30:506–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theorell T, Hammarström A, Aronsson G, et al. A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Robinson CA, et al. Gender relations and health research: a review of current practices. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10:60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelenberg AJ. A review of the current guidelines for depression treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:e15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sramek JJ, Cutler NR. The impact of gender on antidepressants. In: Neill JC, Kulkarni J (eds), Biological basis of sex differences in psychopharmacology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 231–249.
   Google Scholar
• Khan A, Brodhead AE, Schwartz KA, et al. Sex differences in antidepressant response in recent antidepressant clinical trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25:318–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornstein SG, Schatzberg AF, Thase ME, et al. Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;157:1445–1452.
   Google Scholar
• Parker G, Parker K, Austin M, et al. Gender differences in response to differing antidepressant drug classes: two negative studies. Psychol Med. 2003;33:1473–1477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfarth T, Storosum JG, Elferink AJ, et al. Response to tricyclic antidepressants: independent of gender? Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:370–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt MG, Steyerberg EW, Stage KB, Danish University Antidepressant Group, et al. Are gender differences important for the clinical effects of antidepressants? Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1643–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quitkin FM, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, et al. Are there differences between women's and men's antidepressant responses? Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1848–1854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuijpers P, Weitz E, Twisk J, et al. Gender as predictor and moderator of outcome in cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression: an “individual patient data” meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31:941–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Reijnders M, et al. Who benefits from psychotherapies for adult depression? A meta-analytic update of the evidence. Cogn Behav Therapy. 2018;47:91–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loikas D, Wettermark B, von Euler M, et al. Differences in drug utilisation between men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of all dispensed drugs in Sweden. BMJ open. 2013;3:e002378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osika Friberg I, Krantz G, Maatta S, et al. Sex differences in health care consumption in Sweden: a register-based cross-sectional study. Scand J Public Health. 2016;44:264–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni-Wastila L. The use of abusable prescription drugs: the role of gender. J Women's Health Gender Based Med. 2000;9:289–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh RK, Whitton SW, Peckham AD, et al. Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74:595–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Brief analysis 2016:2 (Psykisk ohälsa: Sjukskrivning för reaktioner på svår stress ökar mest), in Swedish. Stockholm 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Making Mental Health Count: The Social and Economic Costs of Neglecting Mental Health Care. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Försäkringskassan. Social Insurance in Figures 2017. Stockholm: Försäkringskassan; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Respons to government assignment: sick leave due to mental diagnoses (Svar på regeringsuppdrag: Sjukfrånvaro i psykiska diagnoser. Delrapport.), in Swedish. Stockholm. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Armannsdottir B, Mardby AC, Haukenes I, et al. Cumulative incidence of sickness absence and disease burden among the newly sick-listed, a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The ICD10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders - Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines [Internet]. Switzerland; 1992. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/37958/8/9241544228_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:382–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, et al. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88:791–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell AJ, Vaze A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;374:609–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Board of Health and Welfare. The statistical database for prescription drug dispensing. Available from: http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/statistik/statistikdatabas/lakemedel. accessed december 10th 2018
   Google Scholar