References
- Lomholt LH, Andersen DV, Sejrsgaard-Jacobsen C, et al. Mortality rate trends in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a nationwide study with 20 years of follow-up. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2019;7(1):6.
- Kugathasan P, Stubbs B, Aagaard J, et al. Increased mortality from somatic multimorbidity in patients with schizophrenia: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019;140(4):340–348.
- Unsal C, Oran M, Tureli HO, et al. Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis and diastolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:1531–1537.
- Hennekens CH, Hennekens AR, Hollar D, et al. Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2005;150(6):1115–1121.
- Howell S, Yarovova E, Khwanda A, et al. Cardiovascular effects of psychotic illnesses and antipsychotic therapy. Heart. 2019;105(24):1852–1859.
- Herbsleb M, Schumann A, Malchow B, et al. Chronotropic incompetence of the heart is associated with exercise intolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2018;197:162–169.
- Correll CU, Solmi M, Veronese N, et al. Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(2):163–180.
- Vinik AI, Casellini C, Parson HK, et al. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: a predictor of cardiometabolic events. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:591.
- Low PA, Benrud-Larson LM, Sletten DM, et al. Autonomic symptoms and diabetic neuropathy: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2942–2947.
- Vinik AI, Ziegler D. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Circulation. 2007;115(3):387–397.
- Scholten BJ, Von Hansen CS, Hasbak P, et al. Cardiac autonomic function is associated with the coronary microcirculatory function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2016;65(10):3129–3138.
- Vinik AI. The conductor of the autonomic orchestra. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012;3:71.
- Pop-Busui R. What do we know and we do not know about cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012;5(4):463–478.
- Bär KJ. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy relatives – a small review. Front Neurol. 2015;6:139.
- Jensen MT, Marott JL, Lange P, et al. Resting heart rate is a predictor of mortality in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(2):341–349.
- Kahn R. Report and recommendations of the San Antonio Conference on diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1988;11(7):592–597.
- Ewing DJ, Martyn CN, Young RJ, et al. The value of cardiovascular autonomic function tests: 10 years experience in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1985;8(5):491–498.
- Aagaard J, Kugathasan P, Jensen S. Coronary artery disease as a cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from schizophrenia: protocol for a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Clin Trials Degener Dis. 2016;1(4):141.
- McGrath J, Saha S, Welham J, et al. Heart rate variability in unmedicated patients with bipolar disorder in the manic phase. Acta Psychiatr Scand Elsevier Inc. 2016;133:1–8.
- Ewing DJ, Clarke BF. Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285(6346):916–918.
- Williams SM, Eleftheriadou A, Alam U, et al. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes: a narrative review. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(6):2023–2023.
- Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1578–1584.
- Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M, et al. Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(2):83–88.
- Dixon L, Weiden P, Delahanty J, et al. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(4):903–912.
- Suvisaari J, Keinänen J, Eskelinen S, et al. Diabetes and schizophrenia. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(2):16.
- Chang HA, Chang CC, Chen CL, et al. Major depression is associated with cardiac autonomic dysregulation. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2012;24(6):318–327.
- Chang HA, Chang CC, Tzeng NS, et al. Heart rate variability in unmedicated patients with bipolar disorder in the manic phase. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;68(9):674–682.
- Latalova K, Prasko J, Diveky T, et al. Autonomic nervous system in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2010;31(6):829–836.
- Henry BL, Minassian A, Paulus MP, et al. Heart rate variability in bipolar mania and schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44(3):168–176.
- Pillinger T, Beck K, Gobjila C, et al. Impaired glucose homeostasis in first-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(3):261–269.
- Sherwani SI, Khan HA, Ekhzaimy A, et al. Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients. Biomark Insights. 2016;11:95–104.
- Insel TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature. 2010;468(7321):187–193.
- Ringen PA, Engh JA, Birkenaes AB, et al. Increased mortality in schizophrenia due to cardiovascular disease – a non-systematic review of epidemiology, possible causes and interventions. Front Psychiatry. 2014;5:137.
- Sagud M, Mihaljevic Peles A, Pivac N. Smoking in schizophrenia: recent findings about an old problem. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019;32(5):402–408.
- Cunningham C, Peters K. Aetiology of schizophrenia and implications for nursing practice: a literature review. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2014;35(10):732–738.
- Chang HA, Chang CC, Tzeng NS, et al. Cardiac autonomic dysregulation in acute schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2013;25(3):155–164.
- Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):136–154.