References
- Treasure J, Duarte TA, Schmidt U. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):899–911.
- van Eeden AE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021;34(6):515–524.
- Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L. Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2016;29(6):340–345.
- van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020;33(6):521–527.
- Suokas J, Rissanen A. Syömishäiriöt ja muut syömiskäyttäytymisen häiriöt. Psykiatria. Duodecim Oppiportti; 2021.
- Couturier J, Lock J. What is recovery in adolescent anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39(7):550–555.
- Jagielska G, Kacperska I. Outcome, comorbidity and prognosis in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Pol. 2017;51(2):205–218.
- Steinhausen HC. The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(8):1284–1293.
- Errichiello L, Iodice D, Bruzzese D, et al. Prognostic factors and outcome in anorexia nervosa: a follow-up study. Eat Weight Disord. 2016;21(1):73–82.
- Moskowitz L, Weiselberg E. Anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017;47(4):70–84.
- Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, et al. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(7):724–731.
- Hoang U, Goldacre M, James A. Mortality following hospital discharge with a diagnosis of eating disorder: national record linkage study, England, 2001–2009. Int J Eat Disord. 2014;47(5):507–515.
- Klump KL, Bulik CM, Kaye WH, et al. Academy for eating disorders position paper: eating disorders are serious mental illnesses. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(2):97–103.
- Sullivan PF. Mortality in anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(7):1073–1074.
- Papadopoulos F, Ekbom A, Brandt L, et al. Excess mortality, causes of death and prognostic factors in anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194(1):10–17.
- Preti A, Rocchi MBL, Sisti D, et al. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the risk of suicide in eating disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011;124(1):6–17.
- Smink FRE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406–414.
- Lindblad F, Lindberg L, Hjern A. Improved survival in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: a comparison of two Swedish national cohorts of female inpatients. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(8):1433–1435.
- Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Swanson SA, et al. Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(12):1342–1346.
- Franko DL, Keshaviah A, Eddy KT, et al. A longitudinal investigation of mortality in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(8):917–925.
- Keel PK, Brown TA. Update on course and outcome in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(3):195–204.
- Himmerich H, Hotopf M, Shetty H, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity as a risk factor for mortality in people with anorexia nervosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269(3):351–359.
- Keshaviah A, Edkins K, Hastings ER, et al. Re-examining premature mortality in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis redux. Compr Psychiatry. 2014;55(8):1773–1784.
- Tith RM, Paradis G, Potter BJ, et al. Association of bulimia nervosa with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among women. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(1):44–51.
- Crone EA, Dahl RE. Understanding adolescence as a period of social-affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(9):636–650.
- Paus T, Keshavan M, Giedd JN. Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9(12):947–957.
- Steinberg L. Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9(2):69–74.
- Golden NH, Katzman DK, Kreipe RE, et al. Eating disorders in adolescents: position paper of the society for adolescent medicine. J Adolesc Health. 2003;33(6):496–503.
- Sullivan PF, Bulik CM, Fear JL, et al. Outcome of anorexia nervosa: a case-control study. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(7):939–946.
- Gissler M, Haukka J. Finnish health and social welfare registers in epidemiological research. Norsk Epidemiol. 2004;14(1):113–120.
- [OSF] Official Statistics of Finland. Causes of death. Helsinki: Statistics Finland; 2021a [cited 2021 Apr 9] [e-publication]. Available from: http://www.stat.fi/til/ksyyt/ksyyt_2018-11-12_luo_001_en.html
- [OSF] Official Statistics of Finland. Deaths. Helsinki: Statistics Finland; 2021b [cited 2021 Apr 9] [e-publication]. Available from: http://www.stat.fi/til/kuol/meta_en.html
- World Health Organization. Division of mental health. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: conversion tables between ICD-8, ICD-9 and ICD-10, rev. 1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1994.
- Castellini G, Lo Sauro C, Mannucci E, et al. Diagnostic crossover and outcome predictors in eating disorders according to DSM-IV and DSM-V proposed criteria: a 6-year follow-up study. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(3):270–279.
- Eddy KT, Dorer DJ, Franko DL, et al. Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(2):245–250.
- Tozzi F, Thornton LM, Klump KL, et al. Symptom fluctuation in eating disorders: correlates of diagnostic crossover. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(4):732–740.
- Palombo J, Bendicksen HK, Koch BJ. Guide to psychoanalytic developmental theories. New York: Springer; 2009.
- Steinhausen HC, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Boyadjieva S, et al. Course and predictors of rehospitalization in adolescent anorexia nervosa in a multisite study. Int J Eat Disord. 2008;41(1):29–36.
- Meule A, Schrambke D, Loredo F, et al. U. Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: a 1-year follow-up study. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 2021;29(2):165–177.
- Edgcomb JB, Sorter M, Lorberg B, et al. Psychiatric readmission of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatr Serv. 2020;71(3):269–279.
- Grudnikoff E, McNeilly T, Babiss F. Correlates of psychiatric inpatient readmissions of children and adolescents with mental disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2019;282:112596.
- Tedeschi F, Donisi V, Salazzari D, et al. Clinical and organizational factors predicting readmission for mental health patients across Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020;55(2):187–196.
- Zhou Y, Ning Y, Fan N, et al. Correlates of readmission risk and readmission days in a large psychiatric hospital in Guangzhou, China. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2014;6(3):342–349.
- Morylowska-Topolska J, Ziemiński R, Molas A, et al. Schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa – reciprocal relationships. A literature review. Psychiatr Pol. 2017;51(2):261–270.
- Blinder BJ, Cumella EJ, Sanathara VA. Psychiatric comorbidities of female inpatients with eating disorders. Psychosom Med. 2006;68(3):454–462.
- Copeland WE, Adair CE, Smetanin P, et al. Diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013;54(7):791–799.
- McGrath JJ, Lim CCW, Plana-Ripoll O, et al. Comorbidity within mental disorders: a comprehensive analysis based on 145 990 survey respondents from 27 countries. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29:e153.
- Engqvist U, Rydelius PA. Death and suicide among former child and adolescent psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:51.
- Plancke L, Coton C, Amariei A, et al. Suicide mortality in people with mental disorders: a register-based study in North France. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020;55(11):1503–1512.
- Walter F, Carr MJ, Mok PLH, et al. Premature mortality among patients recently discharged from their first inpatient psychiatric treatment. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(5):485–492.
- Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(2):153–160.
- Park S, Choi JW, Kyoung Yi K, et al. Suicide mortality and risk factors in the 12 months after discharge from psychiatric inpatient care in Korea: 1989–2006. Psychiatry Res. 2013;208(2):145–150.
- Fichter MM, Quadflieg N. Mortality in eating disorders – results of a large prospective clinical longitudinal study. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(4):391–401.
- Large MM, Kapur N. Psychiatric hospitalisation and the risk of suicide. Br J Psychiatry. 2018;212(5):269–273.
- Demmler JC, Brophy ST, Marchant A, et al. Shining the light on eating disorders, incidence, prognosis and profiling of patients in primary and secondary care: national data linkage study. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(2):105–112.
- Holland J, Hall N, Yeates DG, et al. Trends in hospital admission rates for anorexia nervosa in Oxford (1968–2011) and England (1990–2011): database studies. J R Soc Med. 2016;109(2):59–66.
- Micali N, Hagberg KW, Petersen I, et al. The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000–2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5):e002646.
- Silén Y, Keski-Rahkonen A. Worldwide prevalence of DSM-5 eating disorders among young people. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022;35(6):362–371.
- Litmanen J, Fröjd S, Marttunen M, et al. Are eating disorders and their symptoms increasing in prevalence among adolescent population? Nord J Psychiatry. 2017;71(1):61–66.
- Knaappila N, Marttunen M, Fröjd S, et al. Changes over time in mental health symptoms among adolescents in tampere, Finland. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol. 2021;9:96–104.
- Murray SB, Nagata JM, Griffiths S, et al. The enigma of male eating disorders: a critical review and synthesis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;57:1–11.
- James A, Clacey J, Seagroatt V, et al. Adolescent inpatient psychiatric admission rates and subsequent one-year mortality in England: 1998–2004. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(12):1395–1404.
- Fichter MM, Naab S, Voderholzer U, et al. Mortality in males as compared to females treated for an eating disorder: a large prospective controlled study. Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26(5):1627–1637.
- Listabarth S, Vyssoki B, Glahn A, et al. The effect of sex on suicide risk during and after psychiatric inpatient care in 12 countries—an ecological study. Eur Psychiatry. 2020;63(1):e85.
- Park S, Kim CY, Hong JP. Unnatural causes of death and suicide among former adolescent psychiatric patients. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52(2):207–211.
- Winkler P, Mladá K, Csémy L, et al. Suicides following inpatient psychiatric hospitalization: a nationwide case control study. J Affect Disord. 2015;184:164–169.
- Isohanni M, Mäkikyrö T, Moring J, et al. A comparison of clinical and research DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia in a Finnish National Birth Cohort. Clinical and research diagnoses of schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1997;32(5):303–308.
- Pihlajamaa J, Suvisaari J, Henriksson M, et al. The validity of schizophrenia diagnosis in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: findings from a 10-year birth cohort sample. Nord J Psychiatry. 2008;62(3):198–203.