Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire in a preschool sample

References

• Charach A, Mohammadzadeh F, Belanger SA, et al. Identification of preschool children with mental health problems in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29(2):76–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drugli MB, Stensen K. Psykiske vansker hos norske barnehagebarn. Første Steg. 2019;1:46–49.
   Google Scholar
• Sveen TH, Berg-Nielsen TS, Lydersen S, et al. Detecting psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: screening with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52(7):728–736. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.04.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Newman DL, et al. Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult psychiatric disorders: longitudinal evidence From a birth cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(11):1033–1039. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830110071009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza S, Underwood L, Peterson ER, et al. Persistence and change in behavioural problems during early childhood. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1631-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein AM, Schlesier-Michel A, Otto Y, et al. Latent trajectories of internalizing symptoms from preschool to school age: a multi-informant study in a high-risk sample. Dev Psychopathol. 2019;31(2):657–681. doi: 10.1017/S0954579418000214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne JV, Arend R, Rosenbaum D, et al. Psychiatric disorders with onset in the preschool years: i. Stability of diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37(12):1246–1254. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199812000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morken IS, Viddal KR, Ranum B, et al. Depression from preschool to adolescence – five faces of stability. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021;62(8):1000–1009. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Establishing a level foundation for life: mental health begins in early childhood: working paper 6. 2008–2012. Available from: https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/establishing-a-level-foundation-for-lifemental-health-begins-in-early-childhood/
   Google Scholar
• Halperin JM, Bédard A-CV, Curchack-Lichtin JT. Preventive interventions for ADHD: a neurodevelopmental perspective. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;9(3):531–541. doi: 10.1007/s13311-012-0123-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luby JL, Lenze S, Tillman R. A novel early intervention for preschool depression: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53(3):313–322. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02483.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luby JL, Barch DM, Whalen D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of parent-child psychotherapy targeting emotion development for early childhood depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(11):1102–1110. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fält E, Sarkadi A, Fabian H. Exploring nurses’, preschool teachers’ and parents’ perspectives on information sharing using SDQ in a swedish setting – A qualitative study using grounded theory. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0168388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldrick RC, Merchant S, Perrin EC. Identification of Developmental-Behavioral problems in primary care: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;128(2):356–363. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokholm JR, Lykke K. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is a usable way to address mental health at well-child visits in general practice - a qualitative study of feasibility. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12875-020-01156-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallance AK, Kramer T, Churchill D, et al. Managing child and adolescent mental health problems in primary care: taking the leap from knowledge to practice. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2011;12(4):301–309. doi: 10.1017/S1463423611000338.
   Google Scholar
• Weitzman C, Wegner L, Blum NJ. Promoting optimal development: screening for behavioral and emotional problems. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):384–395. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltonen K, Kurki M, Reedtz C, et al. Psychological tests for expectant parents and young children in the Nordic countries: a review of the evidence. Eur J Dev Psychol. 2023;20(3):401–435. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2067141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luby JL. Preschool depression: the importance of identification of depression early in development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2010;19(2):91–95. doi: 10.1177/0963721410364493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, et al. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177(6):534–539. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.6.534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SDQinfo. Scoring the strengths & difficulties questionnaire for 2-4 year olds. Youthinmind. 2015. Available from: https://www.sdqinfo.org/py/sdqinfo/c0.py.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman R. Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(11):1337–1345. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinsbekk S, Wichstrøm L. Cohort profile: the Trondheim early secure study (TESS)—a study of mental health, psychosocial development and health behaviour from preschool to adolescence. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(5):1401–1401i. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson J, Kreppner J, Pimperton H, et al. Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;24(5):477–496. doi: 10.1007/s00787-015-0697-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhart K, Agarwal N, Kim S, et al. A scoping review of Trauma-Informed pediatric interventions in response to natural and biologic disasters. Children (Basel). 2023;10(6):1017. doi: 10.3390/children10061017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnfred J, Svendsen K, Rask C, et al. Danish norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Dan Med J. 2019;66(6):A5546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg AM, Kaukonen P, Joukamaa M, et al. Finnish norms for young children on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Nord J Psychiatry. 2014;68(7):433–442. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2013.853833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg AM, Kaukonen P, Salmelin R, et al. Reliability of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire among Finnish 4–9-year-old children. Nord J Psychiatry. 2012;66(6):403–413. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2012.660706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft S, Stride C, Maughan B, et al. Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):E1210–E1219. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg A, Ghaderi A, Sarkadi A, et al. SDQ in the hands of fathers and preschool teachers—psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample of 3–5-year-olds [journal article. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2019;50(1):132–141. doi: 10.1007/s10578-018-0826-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg A, Fält E, Ghaderi A, et al. Swedish norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for children 3–5 years rated by parents and preschool teachers. Scand J Psychol. 2020;61(2):253–261. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doi Y, Ishihara K, Uchiyama M. Reliability of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Japanese preschool children aged 4–6 years. J Epidemiol. 2014;24(6):514–518. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20140050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza S, Waldie KE, Peterson ER, et al. Psychometric properties and normative data for the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in two-year-old children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(2):345–357. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0176-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezpeleta L, Granero R, de la Osa N, et al. Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(3-4) in 3-year-old preschoolers. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54(3):282–291. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurice-Stam H, Haverman L, Splinter A, et al. Dutch norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parent form for children aged 2–18 years. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-0948-1.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen LG, Rimvall MK, Clemmensen L, et al. The predictive validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in preschool age to identify mental disorders in preadolescence. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):e0217707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel J, Smith R, O’Farrelly C, et al. Assessing behavior in children aged 12–24 months using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Infancy. 2021;26(5):724–734. doi: 10.1111/infa.12425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theunissen MHC, Vogels AGC, de Wolff MS, et al. Characteristics of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in preschool children. Pediatrics. 2013;131(2):e446–e454. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein AM, Otto Y, Fuchs S, et al. Psychometric properties of the parent-rated SDQ in preschoolers. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2013;29(2):96–104. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeish D. Thanks coefficient alpha, we’ll take it from here. Psychol Methods. 2018;23(3):412–433. doi: 10.1037/met0000144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman A, Lamping DL, Ploubidis GB. When to use broader internalising and externalising subscales instead of the hypothesised five subscales on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): data from British parents, teachers and children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010;38(8):1179–1191. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9434-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. 2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles. Vol. 30. Burlington (VT): University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families.
   Google Scholar
• Kornør H, Jozefiak T. Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). PTB. 2012;2(1):1–8. doi: 10.21337/0014.
   Google Scholar
• Wichstrøm L, Berg-Nielsen TS, Angold A, et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53(6):695–705. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahn-Waxler C, Shirtcliff EA, Marceau K. Disorders of childhood and adolescence: gender and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2008;4(1):275–303. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. Kindergartens. Statistics Norway. 2023. Available 05.07.2023 from https://www.ssb.no/en/utdanning/barnehager/statistikk/barnehager.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. Higher education. Statistics Norway. 2023. Available 30.08.2023 from https://www.ssb.no/utdanning/utdanningsniva/statistikk/befolkningens-utdanningsniva.
   Google Scholar
• Laugen NJ. Replication Data for: "Validation of the Norwegian version of the Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH+) for children with typical hearing aged 12-72 months" Version V1) [Survey data]. 2023. DataverseNO. Available from: doi: 10.18710/YAC3ZP.
   Google Scholar
• Heyerdahl S. SDQ - Strength and difficulties questionnaire: en orientering om et nytt spørreskjema for kartlegging av mental helse hos barn og unge, brukt i UNGHUBRO, OPPHED og TROFINN [SDQ – strength and difficulties questionnaire: information about a new questionnaire for assessment of mental health in children and adolescents, used in UNGHUBRO, OPPHED and TROFINN]. Nor J Epidemiol. 2011;13(1):127–135. doi: 10.5324/nje.v13i1.320.
   Google Scholar
• Kornør H, Heyerdahl S. Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av strengths and difficulties questionnaire, foreldrerapport (SDQ-P). PTB. 2017;7(1):1–31. 10.21337/0048
   Google Scholar
• Stone LL, Otten R, Engels RC, et al. Psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-year-olds: a review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2010;13(3):254–274. doi: 10.1007/s10567-010-0071-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross D, Fogg L, Young M, et al. The equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 across parent race/ethnicity, income level, and language. Psychol Assess. 2006;18(3):313–323. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: testing the Seven-Syndrome model of the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5–5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49(12):1215–1224. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corp IBM. IBM SPSS statistics for MacOS x, version 27.0. Armonk (NY): IBM Corp; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn TJ, Baguley T, Brunsden V. From alpha to omega: a practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. Br J Psychol. 2014;105(3):399–412. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters GJ. The alpha and the omega of scale reliability and validity: why and how to abandon Cronbach’s alpha and the route towards more comprehensive assessment of scale quality.Eur Health Psychol. 2014;16:56–69.
   Google Scholar
• Sijtsma K. On the use, misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika. 2009;74(1):107–120. doi: 10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. & Green, S. B. (2011). Coefficient alpha: a reliability coefficient for the 21st century? J Psychoeduc Assess. 29(4):377–392 doi: 10.1177/0734282911406668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Federation of Psygologists’ Associations (EFPA). EFPA review model for the description and evaluation of psychological and educational tests, version 4.2.6. 2013. Available from: https://www.efpa.eu/ongoing-revision-european-test-review-model
   Google Scholar
• Revelle W. Psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. R package version 2.3.6. 2023. Available from: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych
   Google Scholar
• Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus user’s guide. 8th ed. Los Angeles (CA): Muthén & Muthén; 1998–2017.
   Google Scholar
• DiStefano C, Morgan GB. A comparison of diagonal weighted least squares robust estimation techniques for ordinal data. Struct Eq Model A Multidisciplin J. 2014;21(3):425–438., doi: 10.1080/10705511.2014.915373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM, et al. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Method. 1996;1(2):130–149. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne C. 1993. Alternative ways of assessing model fit in. In: K. A. Bollen, J. S. Long, editors. Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park (CA): Sage; p. 136–162.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull. 1992;112(1):155–159. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stensen K, Lydersen S, Ranøyen I, et al. Investigating the measurement invariance of the Caregiver-Teacher report form (C-TRF) factors in a Norwegian early childhood education and care context. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2023. doi: 10.1007/s10862-023-10074-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health. Organization. Breaking barriers: Towards more gender-responsive and equitable health systems. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health. Organization; 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/breaking-barriers-towards-more-gender-responsive-and-equitable-health-systems.
   Google Scholar
• Frost MH, Reeve BB, Liepa AM, et al. What Is sufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of Patient-Reported outcome measures? Value Health. 2007;10: s 94–S105. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00272.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heian F. Instrumenter til bruk i sped- og småbarnsalder. Instruments used in infancy and toddlerhood]. Norsk barne- og ungdomspsykoatrisk forening. 2019. Available from: https://www.legeforeningen.no/foreningsledd/fagmed/norsk-barne–ogungdomspsykiatrisk-forening/veiledere/veileder-i-bup/del-1-diagnostikk-ogutredning/instrumenter-som-bidrag-ved-diagnostikk/instrumenter-til-bruk-i-sped-ogsmabarnsalder/.
   Google Scholar