126
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Adolescent depression and stressful life events: A case-control study within diagnostic subgroups

Pages 339-346 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Allgood-Merten B, Lewinsohn PM, Hops H. Sex differences in adolescent depression. J Abnorm Psychol 1990;99:55–63.
  • Berden GFMG, Althaus M, Verhulst FC. Major life events and changes in the behavioural functioning of children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1990;31:949–59.
  • Garrison CZ, Addy CL, Jackson KL, McKeon RE, Waller JL. A longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in young adoles-cents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30:597–603.
  • Goodyer IM, Cooper PJ, Vize CM, Ashby L. Depression in 11-16-year-old girls: the role of past parental psychopathology and exposure to recent life events. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993;34:1003–15.
  • Hook B, Hfigglof B, Thernlund G. Life events and be-havioural deviances in childhood: a longitudinal study of nor-mal population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;4:153–64.
  • Kandel DB, Raveis VH, Davies M. Suicidal ideation in ado-lescence: depression, substance use, and other risk factors. J Youth Adolesc 1991;20:289–309.
  • Adams M, Adams J. Life events, depression, and perceived problem solving alternatives in adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1991;32:811–20.
  • Goodyer IM. Family relationship, life events and childhood psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1990;31:161–92.
  • Garrison CZ, Jackson KL, Marsteller F, McKeon R, Addy C. A longitudinal study of depressive symptomatology in young adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29:581–5.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS, Seligman ME. Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: a 5-year lon-gitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol 1992;101: 405–22.
  • Steinhausen HC, Radtke B. Life events and child psychiatric disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1986;25:125–9.
  • Goodyer I, Kolvin I, Gatzanis S. The impact of recent unde-sirable life events on psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1987;151:179–84.
  • Rowlison RT, Felner RD. Major life events, hassles, and adaptation in adolescence: confounding in the conceptualiza-tion and measurement of life stress and adjustment revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988;55:432–44.
  • Lewinsohn PM, Roberts RE, Seeley JR, Rohde P, Gotlib IH, Hops H. Adolescent psychopathology. II. Psychosocial riskfac-tors for depression. J Abnorm Psychol 1994;103:302–15.
  • Banez G, Compas BE. Children's and parents' daily stressful events and psychological symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1990;18:591–605.
  • Wagner BM, Compas BE, Howell DC. Daily and major life events: a test of an integrative model of psychosocial stress. Am J Community Psychol 1988;16:189–205.
  • Wagner BM, Compas BE. Gender, instrumentality, and ex-pressivity: moderators of the relation between stress and psy-chological symptoms during adolescence. Am J Community Psychol 1990;18:383–406.
  • duBois DL, Felner RD, Brand S, Adan AM, Evans EG. A prospective study of life stress, social support, and adaptation in early adolescence. Child Dev 1992;63:542–57.
  • Esser G, Schmidt MH, Blanz B. Influence of early and recent as well as acute and chronic stressors on the emotional devel-opment of children and adolescents: results of a prospective epidemiological study from age 8 to 18. Z Kinder Jugendpsy-chiatr 1993;21: 82–9.
  • Gersten JC, Langner TS, Eisenberg JG, Simcha-Fagan 0. An evaluation of the etiologic role of stressful life-change events in psychological disorders. J Health Soc Behav 1977;18:228–44.
  • McGee R, Stanton WR. Sources of distress among New Zealand adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1992;33:999–1010.
  • Sandberg S, Rutter M, Giles S, Owen A, Champion L, Nicholls J, et al. Assessment of psychosocial experiences in childhood: methodological issues and some illustrative findings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993;34:879–97.
  • Enos DE, Handal PJ. The relation of parental marital status and perceived family conflict to adjustment in white adoles-cents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1986;54:820–4.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT. Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood. II. Psychi-atric outcomes of childhood sexual abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:1365–74.
  • Silverman AB, Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM. The long-term se-quelae of child and adolescent abuse: a longitudinal commu-nity study. Child Abuse Negl 1996;20:709–23.
  • deWilde EJ, Kienhorst ICWM, Diekstra RFW, Wolters WHG. The relationship between adolescent suicidal behavior and life events in childhood and adolescence. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:45–51.
  • Berney TP, Bhate SR, Kolvin I, Famuyiwa 00, Barrett ML, Fundudis T, et al. The context of childhood depression: the Newcastle childhood depression project. Br J Psychiatry 1991;11 Supp1:28–35.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT. Parental separa-tion, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33:1122–31.
  • Garrison CZ, Addy C, Jackson KL, McKeon R, Waller JL. Major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:792–802.
  • Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM, Pakiz B, Silverman AB, Frost AK, Lefkowitz ES. Psychosocial risks for major depression in late adolescence: a longitudinal community study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32:1155–63.
  • Goodyer I, Wright C, Altham PME. The friendship and recent life events of anxious and depressed school-age children. Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:689–98.
  • Jacobsen RH, Lahey BB, Strauss CC. Correlates of depressed mood in normal children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1983;11:29–40.
  • Holahan CJ, Moos RH. Risk, resistance, and psychological distress: a longitudinal analysis with adults and children. J Ab-norm Psychol 1987;96:3–13.
  • Jensen PS, Richters J, Ussery T, Bloedau L, Davis H. Child psychopathology and environmental influences: discrete life events versus ongoing adversity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30:303–9.
  • Monck E, Graham P, Richman N, Dobbs R. Adolescent girls. II. Background factors in anxiety and depressive states. Br J Psychiatry 1994;165:770–80.
  • Asarnow JR, Thompson M, Hamilton EB, Goldstein MJ, Guthrie D. Family expressed emotion, childhood-onset depres-sion, and childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: is expressed emotion a nonspecific correlate of child psycho-pathology or a specific riskfactor for depression? J Abnorm Child Psychol 1994;20:129–46.
  • Goodyer I, Kolvin I, Gatzanis S. Recent undesirable life events and psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1985;147:517–23.
  • Olsson G, Nordstrom M-L, Arinell H, von Knorring A-L. Adolescent depression: social network and family climate. A case-control study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. In press 1999.
  • Champion LA, Goodall G, Rutter M. Behaviour problems in childhood and stressors in early adult life. I. A 20 year follow-up of London school children. Psychol Med 1995;25: 231–46.
  • Williamson DE, Birmaher B, Anderson BP, Sabbout M, Ryan ND. Stressful life events in depressed adolescents: the role of dependent events during the depressive episode. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:591–8.
  • Slavin LA, Compas BE. The problem of confounding social support and depressive symptoms: a brief report on a college sample. Am J Community Psychol 1989;17:57–66.
  • Compas BE. Stress and life events during childhood and ado-lescence. Clin Psychol Review 1987;7:275–302.
  • Compas BE. Coping with stress during childhood and adoles-cence. Psychol Bull 1987;101:393–403.
  • Goodyer IM. Recent stressful life events: their long term ef-fects. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;2:1–9.
  • Adams J, Adams A. Effects of a negative life event and nega-tive perceived problem-solving alternatives on depression in adolescents: a prospective study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993;34:743–7.
  • Adams J, Adams A. The association among negative life events, perceived problem solving alternatives, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescent psychiatric patients. J Child Psy-chol Psychiatry 1996;37:715–20.
  • Martin RA, Kazarian SS, Breiter HJ. Perceived stress, life events, dysfunctional attitudes, and depression in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1995;17:81–95.
  • Cole DA, Turner JE Jr. Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. J Abnorm Psychol 1993;102:271–81.
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–71.
  • Weissman MM, Sholomskas D, Pottenger M, Prusoff BA, Locke BZ. Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations. Am J Epidemiol 1977;106:203–14.
  • Marton P, Churchard M, Kutcher S, Korenblum M. Diagnos-tic utility of the Beck Depression Inventory with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and inpatients. Can J Psychiatry 1991;36:428–31.
  • Roberts RE, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley BS. Screening for adoles-cent depression: a comparison of depression scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30:58–66.
  • Olsson G, von Knorring A-L. Depression among Swedish ado-lescents measured by the self-rating scale Center for Epidemio-logic Studies-Depression Child (CES-DC). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;6:81–7.
  • Herjanic B, Reich W. Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1982;10:307–24.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. rev. Washington (DC): The Association; 1987.
  • Welner Z, Reich W, Herjanic B, Jung KG, Amado H. Reliabil-ity, validity, and parent-child agreement of the diagnostic in-terview for children and adolescents (DICA). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987;26:649–53.
  • Boyle MH, Offord DR, Racine Y, Sanford M, Szatmari P, Fleming JE, et al. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents for use in general population sam-ples. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1993;21:663–81.
  • Ezpeleta L, de la Osa N, Domenech M, Navarro JB, Losill JM, Jfidez J. Diagnostic agreement between clinicians and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-DICA-R-A-in an outpatient sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997;38:431–40.
  • Coddington RD. The significance of life events as etiologic factors in diseases of children. A survey of professional work-ers. J Psychosom Res 1972;16:7–18.
  • Monaghan JH, Robinson JO, Dodge JA. The children's life events inventory. J Psychosom Res 1979;23:63–8.
  • Hurme H. Life changes of children. Occurrence. Socialmed Tidskr 1983;60:246-53 (in Swedish).
  • Tukey JW. Exploratory data analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1977.
  • Conover WJ. Practical nonparametric statistics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1980. p. 229–31.
  • Harris T, Brown GW, Bifulco A. Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: the role of lack of adequate parental care. Psychol Med 1986;16:641–59.
  • Vaux A, Ruggiero M. Stressful life change and delinquent be-havior. Am J Community Psychol 1983;11:169–83.
  • Swearingen EM, Cohen LH. Measurement of adolescents' life events: the junior high life experiences survey. Am J Commu-nity Psychol 1985;13:69–85.
  • Canals J, Domenech E, Carbajo G, Blade J. Prevalence of DSM-III-R and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders in a Spanish pop-ulation of 18-year-olds. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;96:287–94.
  • Forehand R, Wierson M, Thomas AM, Armistead L, Kempton T, Neighbors B. The role of family stressors and parent rela-tionships on adolescent functioning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30:316–22.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.