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Prometheus
Critical Studies in Innovation
Volume 19, 2001 - Issue 2
38
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Original Articles

Kalgoorlie as the Global Centre for Gold Metallurgical Innovation 1902-1907

Pages 147-160 | Published online: 18 Aug 2010

  • This paper is based on the last chapter of the author's 1998 Murdoch University PhD thesis, 'A History of Technological Change in Kalgoorlie Gold Metallurgy 1895-1915.
  • Based on data in manuscript: D. A. Cumming and R. G. Hartley (comps), Biographical Register of Mining Engineers, Mine Managers and Metallurgists in Western Australia 1890-1930 (in preparation).
  • Allen , R. 1906b . 'Reduction plant and processes on the Great Boulder mine' . MJCMWA , 5 : 133 At Great Boulder, for example, in 1906, 27 out of a total of 95 adult surface workers were filter press operators
  • Pty , Great Boulder . 1906 . 'Description of the Ridgway Atmospheric Slimes Filter' . MJCMWA , 5 : 463 – 67 . James, 1907, op. cit., p. 19
  • James , A. 1908 . 'Progress in gold-ore treatment during 1907' . E&MJ , 4 January : 17
  • Rice , C. T. 1908 . 'Veta Colorado cyanide mill, Parral, Mexico' . E&MJ , 18 July : 120 – 22 . By mid-1908 at least four mines in Mexico operated Ridgway filters. See
  • Stevens , T. B. and Degenhardt , W. R. 1911 . The vacuum filter press in Western Australia' . MJCMWA , 10 : 12 – 23 .
  • Stevens , T. B. and Degenhardt , W. R. 1911 . 'Description of the retreatment plant and process of the Oroya Brownhill Co.' . MJCMWA , 10 : 60 – 68 .
  • James , Alfred . 2 January 1910 . “ 'Progress in cyanidation' ” . In More Recent Cyanide Practice , Edited by: Bain , H. Foster . 2 January , 233 – 36 . San Francisco : Mining & Scientific Press . (first published in 1909
  • Inkster , I. 1990 . 'Intellectual dependency and the sources of invention' . History of Technology , 12 : 40 – 64 . In particular
  • Department of Minerals and Energy, Western Australia, Surveys and Mapping Division, Bewick Moreing Collection, BM 72, M. Maclaren, 'Preliminary notes on the geology and lodes of the Kalgoorlie field', draft of the confidential version of the report, addressed to companies financing Maclaren's geological study, June 1910, last chapter 'The Future of the Field', pp. 35-39. The study was arranged by H. C. Hoover who had intended that it be financed by all the leading Kalgoorlie mines. In the end the full cost was born by companies with which Hoover was associated, Ivanhoe Gold Corp., Oroya Brownhill and Lake View Consols.
  • Charleton , A. G. 1903 . Gold Mining and Muling in Western Australia London The 1896 water usage is from the 1898 usage of a small mill at the North Boulder mine which was very similar to the early mills and for which Charleton was consultant (pp. 220, 232). The 1900 usage is from pp. 131, 133
  • Allen , R. 1906 . Ore reduction plant and process of reduction on the Lake View Consols Gold Mine' . Monthly Journal of the Chamber of Mines of Western Australia (hereafter MJCMWA) , 31 July : 270 – 71 .
  • Alien , R. 1905 . 'Ore reduction plant and process of reduction on the Oroya-Brownhill Gold Mines' . MJCMWA , 31 August : 635 – 36 .
  • Hoover , H. C. 1952 . The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover. Years of Adventure 1874-1920 31 New York
  • Hamilton , R. 1909 . 'Progress of mining in Western Australia' . Transactions of the Australasian Institute of Mining Engineers (hereafter TAusIME) , 13 : 22
  • Moss , F. A. 1901 . The treatment of auriferous sulphide ores of Kalgoorlie' . TAusIME , 8-1 : 52 – 53 .
  • Blainey , G. 1973 . 'Herbert Hoover's forgotten years' . Business Archives and History , 3-1 February : 58 See also
  • Nash , G. H. 1983 . The Life of Herbert Hoover, The Engineer 1874-1914 84 New York note 101
  • Morgans , A. E. “ 'Report on the Hannan's Brownhill reduction machinery and extraction plant, with some notes on the mine' ” . Bewick Moreing File 125 32 – 33 . Western Australian Department of Minerals & Energy, Surveys and Mapping Division . Morgans claims to have suggested using the filter press in Hamburg and to have supervised the earlier tests carried out there
  • McNeill , W. 1897-98 . 'Filter-press treatment of gold ore slimes (Hannan's, West Australia)' . Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (hereafter TIMM) , 6 : 249 – 52 .
  • West , H. E. 1912 . 'Early days at Kalgoorlie' . Mining Magazine , August : 135 – 36 . Hoover arrived in Kalgoorlie in May 1897 and reported working at Hannan's Brownhill before starting work as an inspection engineer. He may have worked on the Johnson filter press, but was certainly not responsible for its introduction
  • 1897 . Western Argus , 21 January
  • Lougheed , Alan L. 1989 . 'The discovery, development, and diffusion of new technology: the cyanide process for the extraction of gold, 1887-1914' . Prometheus , 7 ( 1 ) June : 61 – 74 .
  • Todd , Jan . 1995 . Colonial Technology: Science and the Transfer of Innovation to Australia 109 – 84 . Melbourne For an overview of Cassel's worldwide promotion of cyanidation, see the author's thesis Chapter 1, III
  • 1897 . Mining Journal & Investors' Review , 6 February : 6
  • 1906-07 . TIMM , 16 : 265 – 95 . For a contemporary history of the development of copper smelters (the type used for gold smelting in the 1890s) see W. Gowland (Professor of Metallurgy, Royal School of Mines), Presidential Address
  • Allen , R. “ 'Reduction plants and processes' ” . Department of Mines of Western Australia 1902 Annual Report 163 – 65 . Charleton, op. cit., pp. 404-5
  • 1900 . Kalgoorlie Miner , 19 January : 3
  • Blainey , G. 1978 . The Rush that Never Ended, , third edition 201 Melbourne mistakes the official opening, on 14 January 1899, of the Hannan's Brownhill oxide ore treatment plant, which was also built by London and Hamburg GRC, for the launching of the Diehl process
  • Segal , N. 2000 . 'The intervention that wasn't: a new look at the McArthur-Forrest cyanide patent conflict in Western Australia' . Prometheus , 18 ( 2 ) : 175 – 96 . For details of the action taken in Western Australia by the mining industry to oppose the payment of royalties on the cyanide process see
  • Hartley , R. 1993 . 'Bewick Moreing in Western Australian gold mining 1897-1904: management policies and goldfields responses' . Labour History , 65 November : 1 – 18 .
  • James , Alfred . 1907 . 'Progress in gold-ore treatment during 1906' . EUfMJ , 5 January : 20 Compare costs in Knutsen, op. cit., pp. 20-23 and in Moss, op. cit., pp. 59-64, with those in
  • Alien , R. 1905b . 'Gold reduction plant and processes on Golden Horseshoe gold mine' . MJCMWA , 31 August : 322 – 33 . Evidence suggests that new models of the Wilfley table were introduced in 1903-08 largely in response to problems of concentration at the Ivanhoe and Golden Horse-shoe mines. See
  • Alien , R. 1905c . Ore reduction and process of reduction on the Ivanhoe gold mine' . MJCMWA , 31 July : 294 – 306 .
  • 1905 . Report of the Royal Commission on the Ventilation and Sanitation of Mines . Votes and Proceeding of the Parliament of Western Australia , 1 ( A6 ) : 42 – 43 .
  • Marriner , J. T. 1903 . 'Roasting and filterpress' . Engineering and Mining Journal (hereafter E&MJ , 5 September : 352 – 53 . Charleton, op. cit., pp. 324-32; Alien, 1902, op. cit., p. 165
  • James , A. 1902 . Cyanide Practice, , third edition 94 – 97 . 163 – 64 . London
  • Knutsen , H. 1902-03 . The "Diehl" process' . TIMM , 12 : 2 – 36 . Hannan's Star Gold Mines, 1901 Annual Report
  • Clark , D. 1904 . Australian Mining and Metallurgy 65 – 69 . Melbourne The plant commenced operation on 15 March 1900 but due to teething problems was not handed over to Hannan's Star until 24 June, Charleton, op. ca., pp. 69-76
  • World Health Organisation . 1979 . Sulphur Dioxide and Suspended Particulate Matter : Environmental Health Criteria 8 59 – 61 . Geneva For an explanation of the risks associated with a combination of sulphur gas pollution and fine particulate pollution see
  • 1953 . Under the Coolibah Tree 178 London Gordon Young, who worked briefly in the South Kalgurli dry treatment plant in 1901 recalled that: 'In every part of the huge mill building the air was heavily charged with fine white dust. It was like being in a dense fog. "Abandon health all ye who enter here" might have been written over the doorways'
  • Sulman , H. L. 1894-95 . 'Improvements in gold extraction' . TIMM , 3 : 202

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