Publication Cover
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
An International Geoscience Journal of the Geological Society of Australia
Volume 61, 2014 - Issue 3: Geological Advances in the Sydney Basin
675
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Coal seam gas distribution and hydrodynamics of the Sydney Basin, NSW, Australia

, &
Pages 427-451 | Received 05 Jul 2013, Accepted 12 Mar 2014, Published online: 29 May 2014

REFERENCES

  • American Water Works Association (AWWA). 2003. Groundwater. AWWA Manual M21, Third Edition. AWWA, Denver.
  • Alley W. M. 1993. Establishing a conceptual framework. In: Alley W. M. ed. Regional Ground-Water Quality, pp. 23–60. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Aminzadeh E., Chilingar G. V. & Robertson J. O. Jr. 2002. Seismic methods of pressure prediction. In: Chilingar G. V. Serebryakov V. A. & Robertson J. O. Jr. eds. Origin and predictions of abnormal formation pressures, pp. 169–190. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Aref M. A. M. 1998. Biogenic carbonates: Are they a criterion for underlying hydrocarbon accumulations? An example from the Gulf of Suez regions, Egypt. AAPG Bulletin 82, 336–352.
  • Ayers W. B. Jr. & Kaiser W. R. 1992. Coalbed methane in the San Juan Basin of the Western United States: controls on reservoir properties and gas production. In: Beamish B. B. & Gamson P. D. eds. Symposium on Coal Bed Methane Research and Development in Australia, November 1992, Townsville, Australia. https://eis.uow.edu.au/outburst/presentations_publications/coal_methane_1992/vol1/paper3.pdf.
  • Back W., Baedecker M. J. & Wood W. W. 1993. Scales in chemical hydrogeology: a historical perspective. In: Alley W. M. ed. Regional ground-water quality, pp. 111–130. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Baker J. C., Bai G. P., Hamilton P. J, Golding S. D. & Keene J. B. 1995. Continental-scale magmatic carbon-dioxide seepage recorded by dawsonite in the Bowen–Gunnedah–Sydney Basin System, Eastern Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research A65, 522–530.
  • Bates B. L., Mcintosh J. C., Lohse K. A. & Brooks P. D. 2011. Influence of groundwater flowpaths, residence times and nutrients on the extent of microbial methanogenesis in coal beds: Powder River Basin, USA. Chemical Geology 284, 45–61.
  • Beamish B. B. & Crosdale P. J. 1998. Instantaneous outburst in underground coal mines: an overview and association with coal types. International Journal of Coal Geology 35, 27–55.
  • Bethke C. M. & Marshak S. 1990. Brine migrations across North America—the plate tectonics of groundwater. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 18, 287–315.
  • Bjorlykke K. 1993. Fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Sedimentary Geology 86, 137–158.
  • Blevin J., Hall L., Chapman J. & Pryer L. 2007. Sydney Basin reservoir prediction study—September 2007. FrOGTech project Code: MR705. http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/191814/Sydney_Basin_Reservoir_Study.pdf.
  • Bocking M. A. & Weber C. R. 1993. Coalbed methane in the Sydney Basin—Australia. Proceedings of the 1993 International Coalbed Methane Symposium, pp. 1–9. The University of Alabama / Tuscaloosa, May 17–21, 1993.
  • Boreham C. J., Golding S. D. & Glikson M. 1998. Factors controlling the origin of gas in Australian Bowen Basin coals. Organic Geochemistry 29, 347–362.
  • Boreham C. J., Golding S. D. & Glikson M. 2001. Reply to Comment of Smith & Pallaser on Factors controlling the origin of gas in Australian Bowen Basin coals. Organic Geochemistry 32, 207–210.
  • Boreham C., Underschultz J., Stalker L., Kirste D., Freifeld B., Jenkins C. & Ennis-King J. 2011. Monitoring of CO2 storage in a depleted natural gas reservoir: gas geochemistry from the CO2CRC Otway Project, Australia. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 5, 1039–1054.
  • Brassington F. C. & Taylor R. 2012. A comparison of field methods used to define saline-fresh groundwater interfaces at two sites in North West England. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 45, 173–181.
  • Brinck E. L., Drever J. I. & Frost C. D. 2008. The geochemical evolution of water coproduced with coalbed natural gas in the Power River Basin, Wyoming. Environmental Geosciences 15, 153–171.
  • Burra A. 2010. Application of domains in gas-in-place estimation for open cut coal mine fugitive gas emissions reporting. In: Beeston J. W. ed. Bowen Basin Symposium 2010 — Back in (the) Black, pp. 59–64. Geological Society of Australia. Mackay Qld.
  • Burra A. & Esterle J. 2012. Gas distribution and geology: a Hunter Valley example. Proceedings of the 38th Symposium on the Geology of the Sydney Basin—Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin. Pokolbin, NSW, 10–12 May, 2012.
  • Bustin R. M. & Clarkson C. R. 1998. Geological controls on coalbed methane reservoir capacity and gas content. International Journal of Coal Geology 38, 3–26.
  • Chang Y. B., Coats B. K. & Nolen J. S. 1998. A compositional model for CO2 floods including CO2 solubility in water. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering. SPE paper 35164.
  • Chapelle F. H., Bradley P. M. & Mcmahon P. B. 1993. Subsurface microbiology. In: Alley W. M. ed. Regional ground-water quality, pp. 181–198. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Christensen T. H., Bjerg P. L., Banwart S. A., Jakobsen R., Heron G. & Albrechtsen H. J. 2000. Characterisation of redox conditions in groundwater contaminant plumes. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 45, 165–241.
  • Clayton J. L., Spencer C. W., Koncz I. & Szalay A. 1990. Origin and migration of hydrocarbon gases and carbon dioxide, Bekes Basin, southeastern Hungary. Organic Geochemistry 15, 233–247.
  • Coalfield Geology Council Of Nsw. http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/resources/coal/coalfields Accessed on 22 October 2013.
  • Collins W. J. 1991. A reassessment of the ‘Hunter–Bowen Orogeny’: tectonic implications for the southern New England Fold Belt. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, 409–423.
  • Creech M. 1992. Geological controls on gas distribution in the Newcastle Coalfield. 26th Newcastle Symposium on advances in the study of the Sydney Basin. Newcastle, NSW, 3–5 April, 2012. The University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW.
  • Creech M. 1994. Some aspects of coalbed methane in the Newcastle Coalfields. Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin, pp. 110–117. 28th Newcastle Symposium, Newcastle, NSW, 15–17 April, 1994.
  • Creech M. 2002. Tuffaceous deposition in the Newcastle Coal Measures: challenging existing concepts of peat formation in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 51, 185–214.
  • Creedy D. P. 1988. Geological controls on the formation and distribution of gas in British coal measure strata. International Journal of Coal Geology 10, 1–31.
  • Draper J. J. & Boreham C. J. 2006. Geological controls on exploitable coal seam gas distribution in Queensland. APPEA Journal 46, 343–365.
  • Duan Z. & Sun R. 2003. An improved model calculating CO2 solubility in pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533°K and from 0 to 2000 bar. Chemical Geology 193, 257–271.
  • Ellard J. S., Roark R. P. & Ayers J. B. Jr. 1992. Geological controls on coalbed methane production: an example from the Pottsville Formation (Pennsylvanian Age), Black Warrior Basin, Alabama USA. Symposium on coalbed methane research and development in Australia, pp. 45–61. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  • Facer R. A. & Carr P. F. 1979. K–Ar dating of Permian and Tertiary igneous activity in the southeastern Sydney Basin, New South Wales. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 26, 73–79.
  • Faiz M. M. 1993. Thermal history and geological controls on the distribution of coal seam gases in the southern Sydney Basin, Australia. PhD thesis. Department of Geology. University of Wollongong.
  • Faiz M. M. & Hendry P. 2006. Significance of microbial activity in Australian coal bed methane reservoirs—a review. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 54, 261–272.
  • Faiz M. M., Aziz N. I., Hutton A. C. & Jones B. G. 1992. Porosity and gas sorption capacity of some eastern Australian coals in relation to coal rank and composition. Symposium on coalbed methane research and development in Australia, pp. 9–20. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  • Faiz M. M. & Hutton A. C. 1995. Geological controls on the distribution of CH4 and CO2 in coal seam gas of the Southern Coalfield, NSW, Australia. In: Lama R. D. ed. Proceedings of the International Symposium-cum-workshop on managements and control of high gas emissions and outbursts in underground coal mines, pp. 375–383. Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
  • Faiz M., Saghafi A., Sherwood N. & Wang I. 2007a. The influence of petrological properties and burial history on coal seam methane reservoir characterisation, Sydney Basin, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 70, 193–208.
  • Faiz M. M., Saghafi A., Barclay S.A., Stalker L., Sherwood N. R. & Whitford D. J. 2007b. Evaluating geological sequestration of CO2 in bituminous coals: The southern Sydney Basin, Australia as a natural analogue. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control I, 223–235.
  • Faiz M. M., Stalker L., Sherwood N., Saghafi A., Wold M., Barclay S. A., Choudhury J., Barker W. & Wang I. 2003. Bio-enhancement of coal bed methane resources in the southern Sydney Basin. APPEA Journal 43, 595–610.
  • Fertl W. H. & Chillingarian G. V. 1989. Prediction of tectonically-caused overpressures by using resistivity and density measurements of associated shales. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 3, 203–208.
  • Fielding C. R., Sliwa R., Holcombe R. J. & Jones A. T. 2001. A new palaeogeographic synthesis for the Bowen, Gunnedah and Sydney basins of Eastern Australia. In: Hill K. C. & Bernecker T. eds. Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, A refocussed energy perspective for the future, pp. 269–278. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia, Special Publication. Melbourne Vic.
  • Flores R. M., Rice C. A., Stricker G. D., Warden A. & Ellis M. S. 2008. Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: the geologic factor. International Journal of Coal Geology 76, 52–75.
  • Glenn R. A. & Beckett J. 1997. Structure and tectonics along the inner edge of a foreland basin: the Hunter Coalfield in the northern Sydney Basin, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 853–877.
  • Golab A. 2003. The impact of igneous intrusions on coal, cleat carbonate and groundwater composition. PhD Thesis, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
  • Golding S. D., Boreham C. J. & Esterle J. S. 2013. Stable isotope geochemistry of coal bed and shale gas and related production waters: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology 120, 24–40.
  • Gurba L. W. & Weber C. R. 2001. Effects of igneous intrusions on coalbed methane potential, Gunnedah Basin, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 46, 113–131.
  • Gurevich A. E. & Chilingarian G. V. 1997. Notes on the origin of formation fluid pressure: Well-logging methods aspect. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 17, 321–330.
  • Gurevich A. E., Chilingarian G. V & Aminzadeh F. 1994. Origin of fluid pressure distribution and ways of improving pressure prediction methods. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 12, 67–77.
  • Hamilton S. K., Esterle J. S. & Golding S. D. 2012. Geological interpretation of gas content trends, Walloon Subgroup, eastern Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 101, 21–35.
  • Hangx S. J. T. 2005. Subsurface mineralisation: Rate of CO2 mineralisation and geomechanical effects on host and seal formations. CATO (CO2 Capture, Transport & Storage in The Netherlands) Work package WP 4.1. http://www.co2-cato.org/publications/publications/subsurface-mineralisation-rate-of-co2-mineralisation-and-geomechanical-effects-on-host-and-seal-formations-a-review-of-relevant-reactions-and-reaction-rate-data-41-2-05-march-2005
  • Harrington H. J., Brakel A.T. & Hunt J. W. 1984. Sedimentation and tectonics in the Permian coal basins of eastern Australia. Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin, pp. 10–11. Programme and Abstracts of the 18th Newcastle Symposium. The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW.
  • Hawkes G. E. & Ross J. B. 2008. Groundwater resource investigation for Sydney's water supply at Leonay, Western Sydney, NSW. IAH News, December, 2008. https://www.connectedwaters.unsw.edu.au/resources/articles/leonay.html
  • Healy B., Woodfull C., Munroe S., Ham A., Prendergast L. & Hillsdon P. 2005. Sydney Basin regional structural framework and structural risk analysis—October 2005 Update. SRK Project Code: SBA002. SRK Consulting, Sydney.
  • Herbert C. 1980. Depositional development of the Sydney Basin. In: Herbert C. & Helby R. A. eds. A guide to the Sydney Basin, pp. 11–52. Geological Survey of New South Wales—Bulletin 26. Sydney NSW.
  • Hillis R. & Reynolds S. 2003. In situ stress field of Australia. In: Hillis R. R & Müller R. D. eds. Evolution and dynamics of the Australasian Plate, pp. 43–52. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22. Sydney
  • Hoefs J. 2009. Stable isotope geochemistry. 6th Edition. Springer, Berlin. 285 p.
  • Holmes C. & Ross J. 2011. CSG Reservoirs—The importance of geological setting in understanding hydrogeological regimes. In: Proceedings from the International Association of Hydrogeologists, NSW Branch, NSW IAH Symposium 2011 Hydrogeology in NSW—the challenge of uncertainty, pp. 73–80. 5–6 September, 2011. Sydney.
  • Jaworska J., Mantaring R., Alexander A., Tutt-Branco A., Gurba L. & Barber C. 2010. Recent data from Munmorah-1 and Vales Point-1 shed new light to the geothermal and petroleum potential of the Sydney Basin. Proceedings of the 37th Symposium on the Geology of the Sydney Basin—Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin. Hunter Valley, NSW, 6–7 May 2010.
  • Jin H., Schimmelmann A., Mastalerz M., Pope J. & Moore T. 2010. Coalbed gas desorption in canisters: Consumption of trapped atmospheric oxygen and implications for measured gas quality. International Journal of Coal Geology 81, 64–72.
  • Katz B. J. 2011. Microbial processes and natural gas accumulations. The Open Geology Journal 5, 75–83.
  • Kellett J. R., Williams B. G. & Ward J. K. 1989. Hydrogeochemistry of the upper Hunter River valley, New South Wales. Australian Government Publishing Services, Canberra.
  • Kinnon E. C. P, Golding S. D., Boreham C. J., Baublys K. A. & Esterle J. S. 2010. Stable isotope and water quality analysis of coal bed methane production waters and gases from the Bowen basin, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 82, 219–231.
  • Korom S. F. 1992. Natural denitrification in the saturated zone: A review. Water Resources Research 28, 1657–1668.
  • Kreitler C. W. 1989. Hydrogeology of sedimentary basins. Journal of Hydrogeology 106, 29–53.
  • Krooss B. M., Littke R., Muller B., Frielingsdorf J., Schwochau K. & Idiz E. F. 1995. Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations. Chemical Geology 126, 291–318.
  • Lamarre R. A. 2003. Hydrodynamic and stratigraphic controls for a large coalbed methane accumulation in Ferron coals of east-central Utah. International Journal of Coal Geology 56, 97–100.
  • Laxminarayana C. & Crosdale P. 1999. Role of coal type and rank on methane adsorption characteristics of Bowen Basin, Australia coals. International Journal of Coal Geology 40, 309–325.
  • Levine J. R. 1993. Coalification: the evolution of coal as source rock and reservoir rock for oil and gas. In: Law B.E. & Rice D.D. eds. Hydrocarbons from coal: AAPG Studies in Geology 38, pp. 39–77. Tulsa USA.
  • Lovley D. R. & Chapelle F. H. 1995. Deep subsurface microbial processes. American Geophysical Union Reviews of Geophysics 33, 365–381.
  • Mackie C. D. 2009. Hydrogeological characterisation of coal measures and overview of impacts of coal mining on groundwater systems in the Upper Hunter Valley of NSW. PhD Thesis, The University of Technology, Sydney.
  • Magara K. 1978. Compaction and fluid migration: Practical petroleum geology ( Developments in Petroleum Science, 9). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 319 pp.
  • McCabe P. J. 2008. Subtidal origin of the Hawkesbury Sandstone, Middle Triassic, Sydney Basin. (Abstract). PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III, Sydney NSW, 14–17 September, 2008.
  • McLean W., Bryant N., Ross J. & Scarff S. 2010a. Isotopic tools for assessing aquifer connectivity during coal seam gas exploration. Groundwater 2010, National Groundwater Conference, 31 October–4 November, 2010, Canberra, Australia. http://www.groundwater2010.com/documents/McLeanWendy.pdf.
  • McLean W., Scarff S. & Bryant N. 2010b. Broke groundwater investigation and monitoring report—AGL Hunter Gas Project. Parsons Brinkerhoff, Sydney. http://www.agl.com.au/Downloads/Broke%20GW%20Monitoring%20Final%20Report%20V3.3%20-%20full%20report%20240310.pdf.
  • Morton R. A., Posey J. S. & Garrett C. M. Jr. 1981. Salinity of deep formation waters, Texas Gulf Coast—Preliminary results. In: Bebout D. G. & Bachman A. L. eds. Fifth Conference Geopressured—geothermal energy proceedings. October 13–15, 1981, Lousiana State University, Louisiana, USA.
  • Pashin J. C. 2007. Hydrodynamics of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Black Warrior Basin: Key to understanding reservoir performance and environmental issues. Applied Geochemistry 22, 2257–2272.
  • Pinetown K. 2010. Delineation of coal seam gas domains in the Hunter Coalfield, Sydney Basin. Proceedings of 37th Symposium on the Geology of the Sydney Basin, Hunter Valley NSW, 6–7 May, 2010.
  • Pinetown K. 2014. Regional coal seam gas distribution and burial history of the Hunter Coalfield, Sydney Basin. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 409–426. doi:10.1080/08120099.2014.893539.
  • Pinetown K. L., Faiz M. M., Saghafi A., Stalker L. & Van Holst J. 2008. Coal seam gas distribution in the Hunter Coalfield, Sydney Basin. PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III, pp. 399–402, 14–17 September 2008. Sydney NSW.
  • Pitkanen P. & Partamies S. 2007. Origin and implications of dissolved gases in groundwater in Olkiluoto. Posiva Oy, Finland. http://www.posiva.fi/files/341/Posiva2007-04web.pdf.
  • Postma D., Kjoller C., Sogaard Andersen M., Condesso De Melo M. T. & Gaus I. 2008. Geochemical modelling of processes controlling baseline compositions of groundwater. In: Edmunds W. M. & Shand P. eds. 2008. Natural Groundwater Quality, pp. 71–90. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford.
  • Rice D. D. 1993. Composition and origins of coalbed gas. In: Law B. E. & Rice D. D. eds. Hydrocarbons from coal, pp. 159–184. AAPG Studies in Geology #38. Tulsa USA.
  • Rice D. D. & Claypool G. E. 1981. Generation, accumulation and resource potential of biogenic gas. AAPG Bulletin 65, 5–25.
  • Runnells D. D. 1993. Inorganic chemical processes and reactions. In: Alley W. M. ed. Regional ground-water quality, pp. 131–154. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Schoell M. 1988. Multiple origins of methane in the earth. Chemical Geology 71, 1–10.
  • Scott A. R. 2002. Hydrogeologic factors affecting gas content distribution in coal beds. International Journal of Coal Geology 50, 363–387.
  • Scott A. R. & Hamilton D. S. 2006. Targeting Sydney–Gunnedah Basin coal seam methane exploration fairways and sweetspots based on a coalbed methane exploration model: Phase I report. NSW Department of Primary Industries Mineral Resources, Maitland, NSW, 48 p.
  • Scott A. R., Kaiser W. R. & Ayers W. B. Jr. 1994. Thermogenic and secondary biogenic gases, San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico—Implications for coalbed gas producibility. AAPG Bulletin 78, 1186–1209.
  • Smith J. W., Gould K. W. & Rigby D. 1982. The stable isotope geochemistry of Australian coals. Organic Chemistry 3, 111–131.
  • Smith J. W. & Pallaser R. J. 1996. Microbial origin of Australian coalbed methane. AAPG Bulletin 80, 891–897.
  • Smith J. W., Pallaser R. & Rigby D. 1992. Mechanism for coalbed methane formation. Symposium on coalbed methane research and development in Australia, pp. 63–73. James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  • Song Y., Liu H., Hong F., Qin S., Liu S., Li G. & Zhao M. 2012. Syncline reservoir pooling as a general model for coalbed methane (CBM) accumulations: Mechanisms and case studies. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 88–89, 5–12.
  • Staub J. R. 1995. Fracture analysis, diagenesis, and analysis of environments of deposition. Study of the Wollombi Brook No 1 well. Carbon Consultants International, Murphysboro, Illinois, USA. Unpublished. (http://digsopen.minerals.nsw.gov.au/ReportWCR270, 68–240).
  • Tamplin S. 1993. Palaeo-environmental development of the Wittingham Coal Measures in the Muswellbrook region, NSW. Honours Thesis, University of Newcastle, NSW.
  • Taulis M. & Milke M. 2013. Chemical variability of groundwater samples collected from a coal seam gas exploration well, Maramarua, New Zealand. Water Research 47, 1021–1034.
  • Thomson S., Hatherly P., Hennings S. & Sandford J. 2008. A model for gas distribution in coals of the Lower Hunter, Sydney Basin. PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III, Sydney NSW, 14–17 September 2008.
  • Thomson S., Thomson D. & Flood P. 2014. Observations on the distribution of coal seam gas in the Sydney Basin and the development of a predictive model. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 395–407. doi:10.1080/08120099.2014.903860.
  • Van Voast W. 2003. Geochemical signature of formation waters associated with coalbed methane. AAPG Bulletin 87, 667–676.
  • Veevers J. J. 2000. Billion-year earth history of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, North Ryde, NSW, 388 p.
  • Warbrooke P. R. 1981. Depositional environments of the Upper Tomago and Lower Newcastle Coal Measures, New South Wales. PhD thesis. University of Newcastle.
  • Whiticar M. J. & Faber E. 1986. Methane oxidation in sediment and water column environments—Isotope evidence. Advances in Organic Chemistry 1985. Organic Geochemistry 10, 759–768.
  • Whiticar M. J., Faber E. & Schoell M. 1986. Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environments: CO2-reduction vs acetate fermentation—isotopic evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 693–709.
  • Williams R. J. 1991. Carbon dioxide and methane emission at Tahmoor Colliery. In: Bamberry W. J. & Depers A. M. eds. Symposium on gas in Australian coals. University of NSW, 4–5 February 1991. Geological Society of Australia Symposium Proceedings 2, 141–155.
  • Xia X. & Tang Y. 2012. Isotope fractionation of methane during natural gas flow with coupled diffusion and adsorption/desorption. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 77, 489–503.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.