Relieving the symptoms of dry eye disease: update on lubricating eye drops containing hydroxypropyl-guar

References

• Lemp MA. Report of the national eye institute/industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 1995;21:221–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Dry Eye Workshop. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop. Ocul Surf 2007;5:75–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf 2017;15:334–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemp MA. Epidemiology and classification of dry eye. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;438:791–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomon-Ben Zeev M, Miller DD, Latkany R. Diagnosis of dry eye disease and emerging technologies. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8:581–590.
   Google Scholar
• Farrand KF, Fridman M, Stillman IO, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed dry eye disease in the United States among adults aged 18 years and older. Am J Ophthalmol 2017;182:90–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones L, Downie LE, Korb D, et al. TFOS DEWSII management and therapy report. Ocul Surf 2017;15(3):575–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley RJ. Assessment and management of dry eye disease. Eye (Lond) 2018;32(2):200–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Tong L. Lipid-containing lubricants for dry eye: a systematic review. Optom Vis Sci 2012;89:1654–1661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oechsner M, Keipert S. Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone biopolymeric systems. I. Rheological and mucoadhesive properties of formulations potentially useful for the treatment of dry-eye-syndrome. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999;47:113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart JD, Kellaway IW, Worthington HE. An in-vitro investigation of mucosa-adhesive materials for use in controlled drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacols 1984;36:295–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holly FJ. Wettability and bioadhesion in ophthalmology. In: Schrader M.E., Loeb G.I., editors. Modern approaches to wettabiity. Boston, MA: Springer; 1992, p. 213–248.
   Google Scholar
• Willcox MDP, Argueso P, Georgiev GA, et al. TFOS DEWS II tear film report. Ocul Surf 2017;15:366–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelton R, Hu Z, Ketelson H, et al. Reversible flocculation with hydroxypropyl guar-borate, a labile anionic polyelectrolyte. Langmuir 2009;25:192–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mafi R, Pelton R, Cui Y, et al. Weak gelation of hydrophobic guar by albumin in simulated human tear solutions. Biomacromolecules 2014;15:4637–4642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgharian B, Nolen L, Meadows D, et al. Novel gel-forming ophthalmic polymer system for artificial tear solution. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:2472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MT, Cohen S, Rinehart J, et al. Clinical evaluation of an HP-guar gellable lubricant eye drop for the relief of dryness of the eye. Curr Eye Res 2004;28:55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benelli U. Systane lubricant eye drops in the management of ocular dryness. Clin Ophthalmol 2011: 5: 783–790.
   Google Scholar
• Ubels JL, Clousing DP, van Haitsma TA, et al. Pre-clinical investigation of the efficacy of an artificial tear solution containing hydroxypropyl-guar as a gelling agent. Curr Eye Res 2004;28:437–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervan-Lopez I, Saenz-Frances-San-Baldomero F, Benitez-del-Castillo JM, et al. Reduction of corneal permeability in patients treated with HP-guar: a fluorophotometric study. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2006;81:327–332. (in Spanish).
   Google Scholar
• Springs C. Novel ocular lubricant containing an intelligent delivery system: details of its mechanism of action. Dev Ophthalmol 2010;45:139–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korb DR, Herman JP, Greiner JV, et al. Lid wiper epitheliopathy and dry eye symptoms. Eye Contact Lens. 2005;31:2–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinto-Bonilla JC, Del Olmo-Jimeno A, Llovet-Osuna F, et al. A randomized crossover study comparing trehalose/hyaluronate eyedrops and standard treatment: patient satisfaction in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015;11:595–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codling CE., Maillard JY., Russell AD. Aspects of the antimicrobial mechanisms of action of a polyquaternium and an amidoamine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:1153–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good RM Jr, Liao JC, Hook MJ, et al. Colorimetric determination of a polymeric quaternary ammonium antimicrobial preservative in an ophthalmic solution. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1987;70:979–980.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs D, Stein J, Rockett J, et al. Opti-Free chemical disinfectant: a safety study with various soft contact lenses. CLAO J 1989;15:57–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baudouin C, Labbe A, Liang H, et al. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010;29:312–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez Bernal D, Ubels JL. Quantitative evaluation of the corneal epithelial barrier: effect of artificial tears and preservatives. Curr Eye Res 1991;10:645–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammar DA, Noecker RJ, Kahook MY. Effects of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and sofZia-preserved topical glaucoma medications on human ocular epithelial cells. Adv Ther 2010;27:837–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahook MY, Ammar DA. In vitro toxicity of topical ocular prostaglandin analogs and preservatives on corneal epithelial cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010;26:259–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitson JT, Ochsner KI, Moster MR, et al. Brimonidine 0.15% study group. The safety and intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% preserved with polyquaternium-1. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1333–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labbe A, Pauly A, Liang H, et al. Comparison of toxicological profiles of benzalkonium chloride and polyquaternium-1: an experimental study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006;22:267–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang H, Brignole-Baudouin F, Pauly A, et al. Polyquad-preserved travoprost/timolol, benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved travoprost/timolol, and latanoprost/timolol in fixed combinations: a rabbit ocular surface study. Adv Ther 2011;28:311–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolando M, Crider JY, Kahook MY. Ophthalmic preservatives: focus on polyquaternium-1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011;8:1425–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HJ, Jun RM, Cho MS, et al. Comparison of the ocular surface changes following the use of two different prostaglandin F2α analogues containing benzalkonium chloride or polyquad in rabbit eyes. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015;34:195–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahook MY, Noecker R. Quantitative analysis of conjunctival goblet cells after chronic application of topical drops. Adv Ther 2008;25:743–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astakhov YS, Astakhov SY, Lisochkina AB. Assessment of dry eye signs and symptoms and ocular tolerance of a preservative-free lacrimal substitute (Hylabak®) versus a preserved lacrimal substitute (Systane®) used for 3 months in patients after LASIK. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:2289–2297.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Martin A, Sall K. Evaluation of clinical outcomes in patients with dry eye disease using lubricant eye drops containing polyethylene glycol or carboxymethylcellulose. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8:157–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartstein I, Khwarg S, Przydryga J. An open-label evaluation of HP-Guar gellable lubricant eye drops for the improvement of dry eye signs and symptoms in a moderate dry eye adult population. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:255–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korb DR, Scaffidi RC, Greiner JV, et al. The effect of two novel lubricant eye drops on tear film lipid layer thickness in subjects with dry eye symptoms. Optom Vis Sci 2005;82:594–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolando M, Autori S, Badino F, et al. Protecting the ocular surface and improving the quality of life of dry eye patients: a study of the efficacy of an HP-guar containing ocular lubricant in a population of dry eye patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009;25:271–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versura P, Profazio V, Campos EC. One month use of Systane improves ocular surface parameters in subjects with moderate symptoms of ocular dryness. Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2:629–635.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang TJ, Wang IJ, Ho JD, et al. Comparison of the clinical effects of carbomer-based lipid-containing gel and hydroxypropyl-guar gel artificial tear formulations in patients with dry eye syndrome: a 4-week, prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, noninferiority study. Clin Ther 2010;32:44–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comez AT, Tufan HA, Kocabiyik O, et al. Effects of lubricating agents with different osmolalities on tear osmolarity and other tear function tests in patients with dry eye. Curr Eye Res 2013;38:1095–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llamas-Moreno JF, Baiza-Duran LM, Saucedo-Rodriguez LR, et al. Efficacy and safety of chondroitin sulfate/xanthan gum versus polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl guar in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:995–999.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanchez MA, Arriola-Villalobos P, Torralbo-Jimenez P, et al. The effect of preservative-free HP-Guar on dry eye after phacoemulsification: a flow cytometric study. Eye (Lond) 2010;24:1331–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford P, Evans BJW, Morris J. A clinical evaluation of Systane. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2006;29:31–40.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi C, Kruse FE, Cursiefen C. Prospective, randomized, controlled comparison of SYSTANE UD eye drops versus VISINE INTENSIV 1% EDO eye drops for the treatment of moderate dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012;28:598–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MT. Corneal staining reductions observed after treatment with Systane lubricant eye drops. Adv Ther 2008;25:1191–1199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durrie D, Stahl J. A randomized clinical evaluation of the safety of Systane lubricant eye drops for the relief of dry eye symptoms following LASIK refractive surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2:973–979.
   Google Scholar
• Ousler GW., Michaelson C., Christensen MT. An evaluation of tear film breakup time extension and ocular protection index scores among three marketed lubricant eye drops. Cornea 2007;26:949–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzey M, Satici A, Karaman SK, et al. The effect of lubricating eye drop containing hydroxypropyl guar on perimetry results of patients with glaucoma and trachomatous dry eye. Ophthalmologica 2010;224:109–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchiyama E, Di Pascuale MA, Butovich IA, et al. Impact on ocular surface evaporation of an artificial tear solution containing hydroxypropyl guar. Eye Contact Lens 2008;34:331–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane S, Paugh J, Webb J, et al. An evaluation of the in vivo retention time of a novel artifical tear as compared to a placebo control. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:4679.
   Google Scholar
• Lu C, Kostanski L, Ketelson H, et al. Hydroxypropyl guar-borate interactions with tear film mucin and lysozyme. Langmuir 2005;21:10032–10037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davitt WF, Bloomenstein M, Christensen M, et al. Efficacy in patients with dry eye after treatment with a new lubricant eye drop formulation. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010;26:347–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez KB, Epstein SP, Raynor GS, et al. Modulation of HLA-DR in dry eye patients following 30 days of treatment with a lubricant eyedrop solution. Clin Ophthalmol 2015;9:1137–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng A, Keech A, Jones L. Tear osmolarity changes after use of hydroxypropyl-guar-based lubricating eye drops. Clin Ophthalmol 2018;12:695–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torkildsen G, Brujic M, Cooper MS, et al. Evaluation of a new artificial tear formulation for the management of tear film stability and visual function in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2017;11:1883–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong D, Albietz JM, Tran H, et al. Treatment of contact lens related dry eye with antibacterial honey. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017;40:389–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald M, Schachet JL, Lievens CW, et al. Systane® Ultra lubricant eye drops for treatment of contact lens-related dryness. Eye Contact Lens 2014;40:106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labiris G, Ntonti P, Sideroudi H, et al. Impact of polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-guar and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate on postoperative discomfort following cataract extraction surgery: a comparative study. Eye Vis (Lond) 2017;4:13.
   Google Scholar
• Labetoulle M, Messmer EM, Pisella PJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of a hydroxypropyl guar/polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol-based lubricant eye-drop in patients with dry eye. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:487–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar A, Berra M, Tredicce J, et al. Efficacy of polyethylene glycol-propylene glycol-based lubricant eye drops in reducing squamous metaplasia in patients with dry eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol 2018;12:1237–1243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kading D. A two-week clinical evaluation of the safety of Systane Ultra in contact lens-wearing patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2010;4:27–32.
   Google Scholar
• Waduthantri S, Yong SS, Tan CH, et al. Lubricant with gelling agent in treating dry eye in adult Chinese patients. Optom Vis Sci 2012;89:1647–1653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogt JS., Kowalski MJ., King-Smith PE., et al. Tear lipid layer thickness with eye drops in meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol 2016;10:2237–2243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacella E, Pascella F, De Paolis G, et al. Glycosaminoglycans in the human cornea: age-related changes. Ophthalmol Eye Dis 2015;7:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Saranraj P, Naidu MA Hyaluronic acid production and its applications—a review. Int J Pharm Biol Sci Arch 2013;4:853–859.
   Google Scholar
• Rangarajan R, Kraybill B, Ogundele A, et al. Effects of a hyaluronic acid/hydroxypropyl guar artificial tear solution on protection, recovery, and lubricity in models of corneal epithelium. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015;31:491–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson E, Kao WWY, Ogundele A. Impact of hyaluronic acid-containing artificial tear products on reepithelialization in an in vivo corneal wound model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018;34:360–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labetoulle M, Schmickler S, Galarreta D, et al. Efficacy and safety of dual-polymer hydroxypropyl guar- and hyaluronic acid-containing lubricant eyedrops for the management of dry eye disease: randomized double-masked clinical study. Clin Ophthalmol 2018;12:2499–2508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar AJ, Marquez MI, Albera PA, et al. Effects of Systane® Balance on noninvasive tear film break-up time in patients with lipid-deficient dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8:2365–2372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ketelson H, Davis J, Meadows D. Characterization of a novel polymeric artificial tear delivery system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:112.
   Google Scholar
• Petricek I, Berta A, Higazy MT, et al. Hydroxypropyl-guar gellable lubricant eye drops for dry eye treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008;9:1431–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindt CW, Foulks GN. Efficacy of an artificial tear emulsion in patients with dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:1713–1722.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baudouin C, Galarreta DJ, Mrukwa-Kominek E, et al. Clinical evaluation of an oil-based lubricant eyedrop in dry eye patients with lipid deficiency. Eur J Ophthalmol 2017;27:122–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen M, Blackie C, Korb D, et al. An evaluation of the performance of a novel lubricant eye drop. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:4141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie SE, Jones L, Blackie CA, et al. A comparative study between an oil-in-water emulsion and nonlipid eye drops used for rewetting contact lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2015;41:373–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokul A, Wang MTM, Craig JP. Tear lipid supplement prophylaxis against dry eye in adverse environments. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2018;41:97–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerkins G, Greiner JV, Tong L, et al. A comparison of efficacy and safety of two lipid-based lubricant eye drops for the management of evaporative dry eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol 2020;14:1665–1673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dienes L, Kiss HJ, Perenyi K, et al. The effect of tear supplementation on ocular surface sensations during the interblink interval in patients with dry eye. PLOS One 10(8):e0135629.
   Google Scholar
• Pucker AD, McGwin G Jr, Franklin QX et al. Evaluation of systane complete for the treatment of contact lens discomfort. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020;43:441–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangarajan R, Ketelson HA. Preclinical evaluation of a new hydroxypropyl-guar phospholipid nanoemulsion-based artificial tear formulation in models of corneal epithelium. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019;35:32–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein S, Yeu E, Tauber J, et al. Symptom relief following a single dose of propylene glycol-hydroxypropyl guar nanoemulsion in patients with dry eye disease: a phase IV, multicenter trial. Clin Ophthalmol 2020;14:3167–3177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeu E, Silverstein S, Guillon M, et al. Efficacy and safety of phospholipid nanoemulsion-based ocular lubricant for the management of various types of dry eye disease: a phase IV, multicenter trial. Clin Ophthalmol 2020;14:2561–2570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar