Crocin as a vision supplement

References

• Köberlein J, Beifus K, Schaffert C et al. The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review. BMJ open 2013; 3: e003471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelson JD, Bourne RR, and Briant PS et al. GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9(2)e144–e160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 2016; 123: 1036–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward SA, Parikh S, Workman B. Health perspectives: international epidemiology of ageing. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2011; 25: 305–317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Embuscado ME. Spices and herbs: natural sources of antioxidants–a mini review. J Funct Foods 2015; 18: 811–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojcik M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak L. A review of natural and synthetic antioxidants important for health and longevity. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17: 3262–3288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams DL. Oxidative stress and the eye. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2008; 38: 179–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe E, Narayanan S. Advancements in anti-inflammatory therapy for dry eye syndrome. Optometry 2009; 80: 555–566.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caspi RR. A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye. J Clin Invest 2010; 120: 3073–3083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y-H, X-r Xu, Chiou GC. Structural requirements of flavonoids for increment of ocular blood flow in the rabbit and retinal function recovery in rat eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 189–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghaddasi MS. Saffron chemicals and medicine usage. J Med Plants Res 2010; 4: 427–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garavand F, Rahaee S, Vahedikia N et al. Different techniques for extraction and micro/nanoencapsulation of saffron bioactive ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019; 89: 26–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahi T, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Main chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of stigmas and tepals of ‘red gold’; saffron. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 58: 69–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gohari AR, Saeidnia S, Mahmoodabadi MK. An overview on saffron, phytochemicals, and medicinal properties. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7: 61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhargava V. Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus Linn (Saffron). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011; 3: 22–26.
   Google Scholar
• Javadi B, Sahebkar A, Emami SA. A survey on saffron in major Islamic traditional medicine books. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2013; 16: 1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron: a promising natural medicine in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97: 1679–1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamalipour M, Akhondzadeh S. Cardiovascular effects of saffron: an evidence-based review. J Tehran Heart Cent 2011; 6: 59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hausenblas HA, Saha D, Dubyak PJ et al. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Integr Med 2013; 11: 377–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ann Hausenblas H, Heekin K, Mutchie HL et al. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on psychological and behavioral outcomes. J Integr Med 2015; 13: 231–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmed S, Hasan MM, Heydari M et al. Therapeutic potentials of crocin in medication of neurological disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145: 111739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernt M, Piraee M, Wertheimer C et al. Synergistic cytoprotective effect of Crocin (CRN) and Resveratrol (RSV) on Primary Human Retinal Pigmentepithelium (RPE) cells. Planta Med 2012; 78: F7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou J-C, Yang S-L, Wang P-H et al. Protective effect of crocin against the declining of high spatial frequency-based visual performance in mice. J Funct Foods 2018; 49: 314–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv B, Chen T, Xu Z et al. Crocin protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2-induced damage through the mitochondrial pathway and activation of NF-κB. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37: 225–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laabich A, Vissvesvaran GP, Lieu KL et al. Protective effect of crocin against blue light–and white light–mediated photoreceptor cell death in bovine and primate retinal primary cell culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 3156–3163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Qi Y, Yang X. Neuroprotective effects of crocin against oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat retina. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 54: 157–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassumeh S, Wertheimer CM, Ohlmann A, Priglinger, SG, and Wolf, A. Cytoprotective effect of crocin and trans-resveratrol on photodamaged primary human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31(2): 630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Huo F, Liu B et al. Crocin inhibits oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response of microglial cells associated with diabetic retinopathy through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61: 581–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makri OE, Ferlemi AV, Lamari FN et al. Saffron administration prevents selenite-induced cataractogenesis. Mol Vis 2013; 19: 1188–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talebnejad MR, Soltanzadeh K, Masoomeh E et al. Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Saffron on the Treatment of Experimental Endotoxin Induced Uveitis in the Rabbit. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11: NC01–NC04.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassumeh S, Wertheimer CM, Ohlmann A et al. Cytoprotective effect of crocin and trans-resveratrol on photodamaged primary human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31: 630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitcup SM, Nussenblatt RB, Lightman SL et al. Inflammation in retinal disease. Hindawi; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Pashirzad M, Shafiee M, Avan A et al. Therapeutic potency of crocin in the treatment of inflammatory diseases: current status and perspective. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234: 14601–14611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorgun MA, Rashid K, Aslanidis A et al. Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, modulates microglial reactivity. Biochem Biophys 2017; 12: 245–250.
   Google Scholar
• Yarijani ZM, Pourmotabbed A, Pourmotabbed T et al. Crocin has anti-inflammatory and protective effects in ischemia-reperfusion induced renal injuries. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017; 20: 753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Li Y, Ma Z et al. Crocin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects on rat intervertebral discs by suppressing the activation of JNK. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36: 1291–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam KN, Park Y-M, Jung H-J et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of crocin and crocetin in rat brain microglial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 648: 110–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pournaras CJ, Rungger-Brändle E, Riva CE et al. Regulation of retinal blood flow in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008; 27: 284–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xuan B, Zhou YH, Li N et al. Effects of crocin analogs on ocular blood flow and retinal function. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1999; 15: 143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte C, Acosta MC, Merayo-Lloves J et al. What causes eye pain?. Curr Ophthalmol 2015; 3: 111–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dieckmann G, Goyal S, Hamrah P. Neuropathic corneal pain: approaches for management. Ophthalmology 2017; 124: S34–S47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamaddonfard E, Hamzeh‐Gooshchi N. Effects of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injection of crocin on acute corneal pain in rats. Phytother Res 2010; 24: 1463–1467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemp MA. Advances in understanding and managing dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 350–356. e351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemp MA, Foulks GN. The definition and classification of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2007; 5: 75–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neil EC, Henderson M, Massaro-Giordano M et al. Advances in dry eye disease treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019; 30: 166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali S, Davinelli S, Mencucci R et al. Crosslinked hyaluronic acid with liposomes and crocin confers cytoprotection in an experimental model of dry eye. Molecules 2021; 26: 849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahdadi H, Aminifard MN, Balouchi A et al. Frequency of cataract in Iran: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2018; 25: 40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewari D, Samoilă O, Gocan D et al. Medicinal plants and natural products used in cataract management. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10: 466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahmani F, Bathaie SZ, Aldavood SJ et al. Inhibitory effect of crocin (s) on Lens α-crystallin glycation and aggregation, results in the decrease of the risk of diabetic cataract. Molecules 2016; 21: 143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanghera KP, Mathalone N, Baigi R et al. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates retinal progenitor cell survival under hypoxic and superoxide stress. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47: 145–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin D, Zhang G-m, Xu X et al. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates the high glucose-induced expression of extracellular matrix molecules in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi Y, Chen L, Zhang L et al. Crocin prevents retinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2013; 107: 44–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palazzo I, Deistler K, Hoang TV, Blackshaw, S, and Fischer, AJ et al. NF-κB signaling regulates the formation of proliferating Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the avian retina. Development 2020; 147(10); dev183418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien C, Horner P, Calkins D. NFkB signaling in retinal glia mediates progressive neural degeneration and vision decline in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: 415-415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv B, Huo F, Zhu Z et al. Crocin upregulates CX3CR1 expression by suppressing NF-κB/YY1 signaling and inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41: 1949–1957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepahi S, Mohajeri SA, Hosseini SM et al. Effects of crocin on diabetic maculopathy: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 190: 89–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccardi M, Fadda A, Martelli F et al. Antioxidant saffron and central retinal function in abca4-related stargardt macular dystrophy. Nutrients 2019; 11: 2461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falsini B, Piccardi M, Minnella A et al. Influence of saffron supplementation on retinal flicker sensitivity in early age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 6118–6124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadhead GK, Grigg JR, McCluskey P et al. Saffron therapy for the treatment of mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration: a randomised clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257: 31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lashay A, Sadough G, Ashrafi E et al. Short-term outcomes of saffron supplementation in patients with age-related macular degeneration: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2016; 5: 32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riazi A, Panahi Y, Alishiri AA et al. The impact of saffron (Crocus sativus) supplementation on visual function in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration. Ital J Med 2017; 11: 196–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonyadi MHJ, Yazdani S, Saadat S. The ocular hypotensive effect of saffron extract in primary open angle glaucoma: a pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14: 1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainsford KD, Powanda MC, and Whitehouse M. Novel natural products: therapeutic effects in pain, arthritis and gastro-intestinal diseases. Switzerland: Springer; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kruk J, Kubasik-Kladna K, Y Aboul-Enein H. The role oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of eye diseases: current status and a dual role of physical activity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16: 241–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron (Crocus sativus) petal as a new pharmacological target: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21: 1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortez MV, Perovic NR, and Soria EA et al. Effect of heat and microwave treatments on phenolic compounds and fatty acids of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 2020; 23: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sandhu P, Singh B, Gupta V et al. Potential herbs used in ocular diseases. J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2011; 3: 1127.
   Google Scholar
• Heitmar R, Brown J, Kyrou I. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ocular diseases: a narrative review of the existing evidence from clinical studies. Nutrients 2019; 11: 649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marangoni D, Falsini B, Piccardi M et al. Functional effect of Saffron supplementation and risk genotypes in early age-related macular degeneration: a preliminary report. J Transl Med 2013; 11: 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccardi M, Marangoni D, Minnella AM et al. A longitudinal follow-up study of saffron supplementation in early age-related macular degeneration: sustained benefits to central retinal function. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar