Effect of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine and short wavelength light on in vivo retinal function and structure in mouse eyes

References

• Ding HJ, Denniston AK, Rao VK, et al. Hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:957–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrani R, Ostrowski RA, Hariman R, et al. Ocular toxicity of hydroxychloroquine. Semin Ophthalmol. 2008;23:201–209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahon GJ, Anderson HR, Gardiner TA, et al. Chloroquine causes lysosomal dysfunction in neural retina and RPE: implications for retinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 2004;28:277–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauthe M, Orhon I, Rocchi C, et al. Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy. 2018;14:1435–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaanine AH, Gordon RE, Nonnenmacher M, et al. High-dose chloroquine is metabolically cardiotoxic by inducing lysosomes and mitochondria dysfunction in a rat model of pressure overload hypertrophy. Physiol Rep. 2015;3:e12413.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spikes JD. Photosensitizing properties of quinine and synthetic antimalarials. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998;42:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motten AG, Martinez LJ, Holt N, et al. Photophysical studies on antimalarial drugs. Photochem Photobiol. 1999;69:282–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulton M, Rozanowska M, Rozanowski B. Retinal photodamage. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2001;64:144–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisciak DT, Vaughan DK. Retinal light damage: mechanisms and protection. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29:113–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies S, Elliott MH, Floor E, et al. Photocytotoxicity of lipofuscin in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;31:256–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow JR, Miller AS, Zhou J. Blue light-absorbing intraocular lens and retinal pigment epithelium protection in vitro. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:873–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuse Y, Ogawa K, Tsuruma K, et al. Damage of photoreceptor-derived cells in culture induced by light emitting diode-derived blue light. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noell WK, Walker VS, Kang BS, et al. Retinal damage by light in rats. Invest Ophthalmol. 1966;5:450–473.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaadane I, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, et al. Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs). Free Radic Biol Med. 2015;84:373–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasowicz M, Morice C, Ferrari P, et al. Long-term effects of light damage on the retina of albino and pigmented rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:813–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm C, Wenzel A, Williams T, et al. Rhodopsin-mediated blue-light damage to the rat retina: effect of photoreversal of bleaching. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:497–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente-Tejedor J, Marchena M, Ramirez L, et al. Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0194218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao D, Nguyen CT, Wong VH, et al. Characterization of the circumlimbal suture model of chronic iop elevation in mice and assessment of changes in gene expression of stretch sensitive channels. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamb TD, Pugh ENJ. A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors. J Physiol. 1992;449:719–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachtmeister L. Oscillatory potentials in the retina: what do they reveal. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1998;17:485–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui BV, Fortune B. Ganglion cell contributions to the rat full-field electroretinogram. J Physiol. 2004;555:153–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore BR, Page-Sharp M, Stoney JR, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and allometric scaling of chloroquine in a murine malaria model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:3899–3907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncker G, Schmiederer M, Bredehorn T. Chloroquine-induced lipidosis in the rat retina: a functional and morphological study. Ophthalmologica. 1995;209:79–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncker G, Bredehorn T. Chloroquine-induced lipidosis in the rat retina: functional and morphological changes after withdrawal of the drug. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1996;234:378–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallberg A, Naeser P, Andersson A. Effects of long-term chloroquine exposure on the phospholipid metabolism in retina and pigment epithelium of the mouse. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1990;68:125–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal AR, Kolb H, Bergsma D, et al. Chloroquine retinopathy in the rhesus monkey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1978;17:1158–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TY, et al. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 Revision). Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1386–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzekov R. Ocular toxicity due to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: electrophysiological and visual function correlates. Doc Ophthalmol. 2005;110:111–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner S, Weinitz S, Kellner U. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detects early stages of chloroquine retinopathy similar to multifocal electroretinography, fundus autofluorescence and near-infrared autofluorescence. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93:1444–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorge A, Ung C, Young LH, et al. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy - implications of research advances for rheumatology care. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14:693–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonasun LM, Potts AM. In vitro inhibition of protein synthesis in the retinal pigment epithelium by chloroquine. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974;13:107–115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Potts AM. Further studies concerning the accumulation of polycyclic compounds on Uveal Melanin. Invest Ophthalmol. 1964;3:399–404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tzekov RT, Serrato A, Marmor MF. ERG findings in patients using hydroxychloroquine. Doc Ophthalmol. 2004;108:87–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner U, Kraus H, Foerster MH. Multifocal ERG in chloroquine retinopathy: regional variance of retinal dysfunction. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:94–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner U, Renner AB, Tillack H. Fundus autofluorescence and mfERG for early detection of retinal alterations in patients using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:3531–3538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturi RK, Yu M, Weleber RG. Multifocal electroretinographic evaluation of long-term hydroxychloroquine users. Arch Ophtalmol. 2004;122:973–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslu H, Gurler B, Yildirim A, et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the retinal layers: a quantitative evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:8643174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. 2020;6:16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmor MF, Carr RE, Easterbrook M, et al. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1377–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukai R, Akiyama H, Tajika Y, et al. Functional and morphologic consequences of light exposure in primate eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6035–6044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar