493
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Activism and Australia's Ban on Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Military Service in the 1970s–80s

ORCID Icon

References

  • Arrow, Michelle. 2014. “Public Intimacies: Revisiting the Royal Commission on Human Relationships, 1947–77.” In Acts of Love and Lust: Sexuality in Australia from 1945–2010, edited by Robert Reynolds, Lisa Featherstone and Rebecca Jennings, 23–43. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Arrow, Michelle. 2017. “An Inquiry into the Whole Human Condition? Whitlam, Sexual Citizenship and the Royal Commission on Human Relationships (1974–77).” In Making Modern Australia: The Whitlam Government’s 21st Century Agenda, edited by Jenny Hocking, 3–34. Clayton, VIC: Monash University Publishing.
  • Calder, Bill. 2016. Pink Ink: The Golden Era for Gay and Lesbian Magazines. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • CAMP NSW. September 1975. Homosexuals and Human Relationships: Submission to the Royal Commission on Human Relationships. Sydney: CAMP NSW.
  • Commonwealth of Australia. 1977a. Royal Commission on Human Relationships Final Report. Vol. 1. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Commonwealth of Australia. 1977b. Royal Commission on Human Relationships Final Report. Vol. 5. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Commonwealth Ombudsman. 1981. Commonwealth Ombudsman Fourth Annual Report 1980–81. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Commonwealth Ombudsman. 1989. Commonwealth Ombudsman and Defence Force Ombudsman Annual Reports 1988–89. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Commonwealth Ombudsman. 2009. Defence Force Ombudsman: Twenty-Five Years of Service. Canberra: Commonwealth Ombudsman. http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/36207/onlineDefenceForceOmbudsman.pdf
  • Defence Instruction (PERS) 15-3. November 4, 1985. “Homosexual Behaviour in the Australian Defence Force”.
  • Department of Defense. 1997. Selected Manpower Statistics: Fiscal Year 1997. Washington, DC: Directorate for Information, Operations and Reports.
  • Estes, Steve. 2007. Ask & Tell: Gay and Lesbian Veterans Speak Out. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Ford, Ruth. 1996. “Disciplined, Punished and Resisting Bodies: Lesbian Women and the Australian Armed Services, 1950s/ 60s.” Lilith 9: 53–77.
  • Grey, Jeffrey. 2008. A Military History of Australia. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hippler, Mike. 1989. Matlovich, the Good Soldier. Boston: Alyson Publications.
  • Holbrook, Carolyn. 2014. Anzac: The Unauthorised Biography. Sydney: NewSouth Publishing.
  • Janowitz, Morris. 1976. “Military Institutions and Citizenship in Western Societies.” Armed Forces and Society 2 (2):185–204. doi: 10.1177/0095327X7600200202
  • Jennings, Rebecca. 2015. Unnamed Desires: A Sydney Lesbian History. Clayton, VIC: Monash University Publishing.
  • Korb, Lawrence J., and Alexander Rothman. 2013. “Formalizing the Ban: My Experience in the Reagan Administration.” Journal of Homosexuality 60 (2-3): 273–281. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2013.744672
  • Lake, Marilyn, and Henry Reynolds. 2010. Whats Wrong with Anzac? The Militarisation of Australian History. Sydney: UNSW Press.
  • Marcus, Eric, ed. 1992. Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945–1990, an Oral History. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Reynolds, Robert. 2002. From Camp to Queer: Re-making the Australian Homosexual. Carlton South, VIC: Melbourne University Press.
  • Riseman, Noah. 2015. “Outmanoeuvring Defence: The Australian Debates over Gay and Lesbian Military Service, 1992.” Australian Journal of Politics and History 61 (4):562–575. doi: 10.1111/ajph.12119
  • Riseman, Noah. 2017. “‘Just Another Start to the Denigration of Anzac Day’: Evolving Commemorations of LGBTI Military Service.” Australian Historical Studies 48 (1):35–51. doi: 10.1080/1031461X.2016.1251476
  • Riseman, Noah, Shirleene Robinson and Graham Willett. 2018. Serving in Silence? Australian LGBT Servicemen and Women. Sydney: NewSouth, 2018.
  • Riseman, Noah, and Richard Trembath. 2016. Defending Country: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Military Service since 1945. St Lucia, QLD: University of Queensland Press.
  • Shephard, Allan. 1995. A Compendium of Australian Defence Statistics. Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy.
  • Shilts, Randy. 1993. Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the U.S. Military, Vietnam to the Persian Gulf. London: Penguin Books.
  • Smaal, Yorick. 2015. Sex, Soldiers and the South Pacific, 1939–45: Queer Identities in Australia in the Second World War. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Western Australia. 18 September 1974. Report of the Honorary Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire Into and Report Upon Matters Relating to Homosexuality.
  • Willett, Graham. 2000. Living Out Loud: A History of Gay and Lesbian Activism in Australia. St Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.
  • Young, Rebecca M., and Ilan H. Meyer. 2005. “The Trouble with ‘MSM’ and ‘WSW’: Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse.” American Journal of Public Health 95 (7):1144–1149. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714
  • National Archives of Australia:
  • NAA: A10756, LC1781 PART 2.
  • NAA: A1209, 1977-503 PART 7.
  • NAA: A12909, 3954.
  • NAA: A12909, 3989.
  • NAA: A1813, 321/251/1.
  • NAA: A451, 1974/6782.
  • NAA: A6721, 1985/18156 PART 1.
  • NAA: A6721, 1985/18156 PART 2.
  • NAA: A6721, 1985/18156 PART 3.
  • NAA: B4586, 704/1572/P1 PART 1.
  • Other Archival Sources:
  • Navy Order – Confidential Australian Navy Order 1-2/69, 21 February 1969, available from Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives.
  • Western Australia State Records Office. AU WA S1989- cons5527 1. Western Australia. Honorary Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire Into and Report Upon Matters Relating to Homosexuality, 2 May 1974, transcript vol 1.
  • Western Australia State Records Office. AU WA S1989- cons5527 3. Western Australia. Honorary Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire Into and Report Upon Matters Relating to Homosexuality, 25 June 1974, transcript vol 3.
  • Interviews:
  • Drew, Keith. August 13, 2016. Interview with Noah Riseman. Darwin.
  • Duniam, Shane. May 29, 2017. Interview with Noah Riseman. Lismore.
  • Ford, Gen. November 13, 2014. Interview with Noah Riseman. London.
  • Gration, Richard. December 13, 2016. Interview with Noah Riseman. Sydney.
  • ‘Mark’. March 4, 2016. Interview with Noah Riseman. Sydney.
  • Struth, Susie. February 18, 2017. Interview with Shirleene Robinson. Melbourne.
  • ‘Terri’. October 19, 2015. Interview with Noah Riseman. Sydney.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.