The functions of behavioral synchrony and speech rhythm in conversation

References

• Atkinson , J.M. 1979 . “ Sequencing and shared attentiveness to court proceedings ” . In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology , Edited by: Psathas , G. N.Y. : Irvington .
   Google Scholar
• Ball , P. 1975 . Listener responses to filled pauses in relation to floor appointment . British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology , 14 : 423 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1965 . “ Behavior modification through modeling procedures ” . In Research in behavior modification , Edited by: Krasner , L. and Ullman , L. P. New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Beattie , G.W. 1979 . Contextual constraints on the floor‐appointment function of speaker gaze in dyadic conversation . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 18 : 391 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beattie , G.W. 1978a . Floor apportionment and gaze in conversational dyads . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 17 : 7 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beattie , G.W. 1978b . Sequential temporal patterns of speech and gaze in dialogue . Semiotica , 23 : 29 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Beattie , G.W. 1977 . The dynamics of interruption and the filled pause . British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology , 16 : 283 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beebe , B. , Stern , D. and Jaffee , J. 1979 . “ The kinesic rhythm of mother‐infant interactions ” . In Of speech and time , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Boomer , D.S. 1978 . “ The phonemic clause: Speech unit in human communication ” . In Nonverbal behavior and communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Boomer , D.S. 1965 . Hesitation and grammatical encoding . Language and Speech , 8 : 148 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomer , D.S. 1963 . Speech dysfluencies and body movements in interviews . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 136 : 263 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brotherton , P. 1979 . “ Speaking and not speaking: Processes for translating ideas into speech ” . In Of speech and time , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Bull , P.E. and Brown , R. 1977 . The role of postural changes in dyadic conversations . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 16 : 29 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth , R. , Brady , K.D. and Hine , R.R. 1977 . Speech and interaction in sound only channels . Semiotica , 20 : 81 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Butterworth , B. and Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1979 . “ Recent studies on cognitive rhythm ” . In Of speech and time , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Byers , P. 1979 . “ Biological rhythms as information channels in interpersonal communication behavior ” . In Nonverbal communication , Edited by: Weitz , S. N.Y. : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cappella , J.N. and Green , J.O. 1982 . A discrepancy‐arousal explanation of mutual influence in expressive behavior for adult and infant‐adult interaction . Communication Monographs , 49 : 89 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappella , J.N. and Planalp , S. 1981 . Talk and silence sequences in informal conversations III: Interspeaker influence . Human Communication Research , 7 : 117 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappella , J.N. 1980a . Talk‐silence sequences in informal conversations II . Human Communication Research , 6 : 130 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Cappella , J.N. 1980b . “ Turn‐by‐turn matching and compensation in talk and silence: New methods and new explanations ” . In Language: Social psychological perspectives , Edited by: Giles , H. , Robinson , W.P. and Smith , P.M. Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cappella , J.N. 1979 . Talk‐silence sequences in informal conversations I . Human Communication Research , 6 : 3 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassotta , L. , Feldstein , S. and Jaffe , J. 1967 . “ The stability and modifiability of individual vocal characteristics in stress and nonstress interviews ” . In Research Bulletin No. 2 , New York : William Alanson White Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. 1982 . “ Cultural microrhythms ” . In Interaction rhythms: Periodicity in communicative behavior , Edited by: David , M. New York : Human Sciences Press .
   Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. 1979 . “ An analysis of behavioral organization ” . In Nonverbal communication , Edited by: Weitz , S. N.Y. : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. 1970 . Method of microanalysis of sound films of behavior . Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation , 2 : 51 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. and Ogston , W.D. 1971 . “ Speech and body motion synchrony of the speaker‐hearer ” . In Perception of language , Edited by: Horton , D.L. and Jenkins , J.J. Columbus , Ohio : Charles E. Merrill .
   Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. and Ogston , W.D. 1967 . A segmentation of behavior . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 5 : 222 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. and Ogston , W.D. 1966 . Sound film analysis of normal and pathological behavior patterns . Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases , 143 : 338 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condon , W.S. and Sander , L. W. 1974 . Neonate movement is synchronized with adult speech: Interactional participation and language acquisition . Science , 183 : 99 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , M. and Lalljee , M.G. 1972 . Verbal substitutes for visual signals in interaction . Semiotica , 6 : 212 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , M. and Lalljee , M.G. 1970 . The interpretation of pauses by the listener . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 9 : 375 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmann , A.T. 1972 . “ The body movement‐speech rhythm relationship as a cue to speech encoding ” . In Studies in dyadic communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W and Pope , B. New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dittmann , A.T. and Llewellyn , L.G. 1969 . Body movement and speech rhythm in social conversation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 11 : 98 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmann , A.T. and Llewellyn , L.G. 1968 . Relationship between vocalizations and head nods as listener responses . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 9 : 79 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmann , A.T. and Llewellyn , L.G. 1967 . The phonemic clause as a unit of speech decoding . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 6 : 341 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. 1975 . “ Interaction units during speaking turns in dyadic, face‐to‐face conversations ” . In Organization of behavior in face‐to‐face interaction , Edited by: Kendon , A. , Harris , R.M. and Key , M.R. The Hague : Mouton .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. 1974 . On the structure of speaker‐auditor interaction during speaking turns . Language in Society , 2 : 161 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. 1973 . Toward a grammar for dyadic conversations . Semiotica , 9 : 29 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. 1972 . Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 23 : 283 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. , Brunner , L.J. and Fiske , D.W. 1979 . Strategy signals in face‐to‐face interaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 27 : 301 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. and Fiske , D. 1977 . Face‐to‐face interaction , Hillsdale , N.J. : Brlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. Jr. and Niederehe , G. 1974 . On signaling that it's your turn to speak . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 10 : 234 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldstein , S. 1980a . “ Temporal aspects of speech: Prologue ” . In Language: Social psychological perspectives , Edited by: Giles , H. , Robinson , W.P. and Smith , P. M. Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldstein , S. 1980b . “ Temporal aspects of speech: Epilogue ” . In Language: Social psychological perspectives , Edited by: Giles , H. , Robinson , W.P. and Smith , P. M. Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldstein , S. 1972 . “ Temporal patterns of dialogue: Basic research and reconsiderations ” . In Studies in dyadic communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Pope , B. New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldstein , S. , Alberti , L. and Ben Debba , M. 1979 . “ Self‐attributed personality characteristics and the pacing of conversational interaction ” . In Of speech and time , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Feldstein , S. and Welkowitz , J. 1978 . “ An analysis of conversational turn‐taking: In defense of an objective approach ” . In Nonverbal behavior and communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson , N. 1977 . Simultaneous speech, interruptions and dominance . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 16 : 295 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , N. 1972 . “ The analysis of movement behavior during the clinical interview ” . In Studies in dyadic communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Pope , B. N.Y. : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gallois , C. and Markel , N.N. 1975 . Turn‐taking: Social personality and conversational style . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 31 : 1134 – 1140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1967 . Sequential temporal patterns and cognitive processes in speech . Language and Speech , 10 : 122 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1965 . The determinants of the rate of speech output and their mutual relations . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 1 : 137 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1961a . A comparative study of two hesitation phenomena . Language and Speech , 4 : 18 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1961b . The significance of changes in the rate of articulation . Language and Speech , 4 : 171 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1961c . Continuity of speech utterance, its determinants and significance . Language and Speech , 4 : 220 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1961d . The distribution of pause durations in speech . Language and Speech , 4 : 232 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman‐Eisler , F. 1961e . The predictability of words in context and the length of pauses in speech . Journal of Communication , 11 : 95 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , C. 1979 . “ The interactive construction of a sentence in natural conversation ” . In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology , Edited by: Psathas , G. New York : Irvington .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , D.P. and Cobb , L. 1979 . “ Ultradian biorhythms in social interaction ” . In Of speech and time , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Feldstein , S. Hillsdale , N.J. : Earlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , A.I. 1974 . Time patterns in spontaneous speech: Cognitive stride or random walk? A reply to Jaffee et al. 1972 . Language and Speech , 17 : 119 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , A. , Goldman‐Eisler , F. and Skarbek , A. 1965 . The common value of pausing time in spontaneous speech . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 17 : 283 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heritage , J.C. and Watson , D.R. 1979 . “ Formulations as conversational objects ” . In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology , Edited by: Psathas , G. N.Y. : Irvington .
   Google Scholar
• Howell , R.W. and Vetter , H.J. 1969 . Hesitation in the production of speech . Journal of General Psychology , 81 : 261 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffee , J. and Feldstein , S. 1970 . Rhythms of dialogue , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , G. 1973 . A case of precision timing in ordinary conversation: Overlapped tag‐positioned address terms in closing sequences . Semiotica , 9 : 47 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , G. 1972 . “ Side sequences ” . In Studies in social interaction , Edited by: Sudnow , D.N. New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kendon , A. 1972 . “ Some relationships between body motion and speech: An analysis of an example ” . In Studies in dyadic communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Pope , B. New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kendon , A. 1970 . Movement coordination in social interaction: Some examples described . Acta Psychologica , 32 : 100 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendon , A. 1967 . Some functions of gaze direction in social interaction . Acta Psychologica , 26 : 22 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaFrance , M. 1979 . Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the cross‐lag panel technique . Social Psychology Quarterly , 42 : 66 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalljee , M.G. and Cook , M. 1969 . An experimental investigation of the function of filled pauses in speech . Language and Speech , 12 : 24 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane , H.L. and Tranel , B. 1971 . The lombard reflex and the role of hearing in speech . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 14 : 677 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Lenneberg , E. 1971 . “ The importance of temporal factors in behavior ” . In The perception of language , Edited by: Horton , D.L. and Jenkins , J.J. Columbus , Ohio : Charles E. Merrill .
   Google Scholar
• Maclay , H. and Osgood , C.E. 1959 . Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech . Word , 15 : 19 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J.G. 1967 . Hesitations in the speaker's production and the listener's reproduction of utterances . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 6 : 903 – 909 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J.G. and Strange , W. 1968 . Determinants of hesitations in spontaneous speech . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 76 : 474 – 479 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDowall , J.J. 1978a . Interactional synchrony: A reappraisal . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 963 – 975 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowall , J. J. 1978b . Microanalysis of filmed movement: The reliability of boundary detection by observers . Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior , 3 : 77 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J.D. 1965 . “ The interview ” . In Handbook of clinical psychology , Edited by: Wolman , B.B. N. Y. : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J.D. , Saslow , G. , Wiens , A.N. , Weitman , M. and Allen , B.V. 1964a . Interviewer head nodding and interviewee speech durations . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice , 1 : 54 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J.D. and Wiens , A.N. 1972 . The interview: Research on its anatomy and structure , N.Y. : Aldine‐Atherton .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J.D. and Wiens , A.N. 1967 . Interviewer influence on durations of interviewee silence . Journal of Research in Personality , 2 : 56 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J.D. , Wiens , A.N. , Saslow , G. , Allen , B.V. and Wietman , M. 1964b . Interviewer mm‐hmm and interviewee speech durations . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 1 : 109 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale , M. 1975 . Convergence of mean vocal intensity in dyadic communication as a function of social desirability . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 32 : 790 – 804 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , M.L. 1973 . Compensation in nonverbal immediacy behaviors: A review . Sociometry , 36 : 237 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , M.L. 1976 . An arousal model of interpersonal intimacy . Psychological Review , 83 : 235 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pike , K.L. 1947 . The intonation of American English , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reusch , J. and Prestwood , A.R. 1949 . Anxiety: Its initiation, communication, and interpersonal managment . Archives of Neurological Psychiatry , 62 : 527 – 550 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenfeld , H.M. 1972 . The experimental analysis of interpersonal influence processes . Journal of Communication , 22 : 424 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter , D.R. , Stephenson , G.M. and Dewey , M.E. 1981 . Visual communication and the content and style of conversation . British Journal of Social Psychology , 20 : 41 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter , D.R. and Stephenson , G.M. 1977 . The role of visual communication in synchronising conversation . European Journal of Social Psychology , 7 : 29 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks , H. , Schegloff , E.A. and Jefferson , G. 1974 . A simplest systematics for the organization of turn‐taking for conversation . Language , 50 : 696 – 735 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E.A. 1972 . “ Notes on a conversational practice: Formulating place ” . In Studies in social interaction , Edited by: Sudnow , D.M. N.Y. : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E.A. 1968 . Sequencing in conversational openings . American Anthropologist , 70 : 1075 – 1095 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E.A. and Sacks , H. 1973 . Opening up closings . Semiotica , 8 : 289 – 327 .
   Google Scholar
• Schenkein , J. 1978 . Studies in the organization of conversational interaction , N.Y. : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Siegman , A.W. 1976 . Do noncontingent interviewer mm‐hmm's facilitate interviewee productivity? . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 44 : 171 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , D. 1977 . The first relationship: Infant and mother , Cambridge , Mass. : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , A. and Bull , P. 1981 . The role of pre‐speech and posture change in dyadic interaction . British Journal of Social Psychology , 20 : 105 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trager , G.L. and Smith , H.L. Jr. 1957 . An outline of English structure , Washington, D.C. : American Council of Learned Societies .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , R. 1979 . Periodic rhythms in conversational speech . Language and Speech , 22 : 381 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , J.T. 1972 . “ Interview synchrony: An investigation of two speech rate measures in an automated standardized interview ” . In Studies in dyadic communication , Edited by: Siegman , A.W. and Pope , B. New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Welkowitz , J. , Feldstein , S. , Finkelstein , M. and Aylesworth , L. 1972 . Changes in vocal intensity as a function of interspeaker influence . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 35 : 715 – 718 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welkowitz , J. and Feldstein , S. The relation of experimentally manipulated interpersonal perception and psychological differentiation to the temporal patterning of conversation . Proceedings of the 78th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association . pp. 387 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiemann , J. and Knapp , M. 1975 . Turn taking in conversations . Journal of Communication , 25 : 75 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens , A.N. , Saslow , G. and Matarazzo , J.D. 1966 . Speech interruption behavior during interviews . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice , 3 : 153 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , E. 1978 . Visual interaction and speech patterns: An extension of previous results . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 17 : 101 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yngve , V.H. On getting a word in edgewise . Papers from the sixth regional meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society . Chicago . Edited by: Campbell , M.A. University of Chicago Department of Linguistics .
   Google Scholar