TLR4 and IL-18 Gene Variants in Chronic Periodontitis: Impact on Disease Susceptibility and Severity

REFERENCES

• Arbour N. C., Lorenz E., Schutte B. C., Zabner J., Kline J. N., Jones M., Frees K., Watt J. L., Schwartz D. A. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat. Genet. 2000; 25: 187–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beklen A., Hukkanen M., Richardson R., Konttinen Y. T. Immunohistochemical localization of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in periodontitis. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2008; 23: 425–431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bochud P. Y., Bochud M., Telenti A., Calandra T. Innate immunogenetics: a tool for exploring new frontiers of host defence. Lancet Infec. Dis. 2007; 7: 531–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brett P. M., Zygogianni P., Griffiths G. S., Tomaz M., Parkar M., D'Aiuto F., Tonetti M. Functional gene polymorphisms in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. J. Dent. Res. 2005; 84: 1149–1153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Aiuto F., Parkar M., Brett P. M., Ready D., Tonetti M. S. Gene polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammation in patients with severe periodontal infections. Cytokine 2004; 28: 29–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darveau R. P., Pham T. T., Lemley K., Reife R. A., Bainbridge B. W., Coats S. R., Howald W. N., Way S. S., Hajjar A. M. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide contains multiple lipid A species that functionally interact with both toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Infect. Immun. 2004; 72: 5041–5051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello C. A., Novick D., Puren A. J., Fantuzzi G., Shapiro L., Muhl H., Yoon D. Y., Reznikov L. L., Kim S. H., Rubinstein M. Overview of interleukin-18: more than an interferon-gamma inducing factor. J. Leukoc. Biol. 1998; 63: 658–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emingil G., Berdeli A., Baylas H., Saygan B. H., Gurkan A., Kose T., Atilla G. Toll-Like receptor 2 and 4 gene polymorphisms in generalized aggressive periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 2007; 78: 1968–1977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferwerda B., McCall M. B. B., Alonso S., Giamarellos-Bourboulis E. J., Mouktaroudi M., Izagirre N., Syafruddin D., Kibiki G., Cristea T., Hijmans A., Hamann L., Israel S., ElGhazali G., Troye-Blomberg M., Kumpf O., Maiga B., Dolo A., Doumbo O., Hermsen C. C., Stalenhoef A. F. H., van Crevel R., Brunner H. G., Oh D. Y., Schumann R. R., de la Rua C., Sauerwein R., Kullberg B. J., van der Ven A. J. A. M., Van der Meer J. W. M., Netea M. G. From the Cover: TLR4 polymorphisms, infectious diseases, and evolutionary pressure during migration of modern humans. PNAS 2007; 104: 16645–16650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueredo C. M., Rescala B., Teles R. P., Teles F. P., Fischer R. G., Haffajee A. D., Socransky S. S., Gustafsson A. Increased interleukin-18 in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol. Immunol 2008; 23: 173–176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folwaczny M., Glas J., Torok H. P., Limbersky O., Folwaczny C. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 mutations in periodontal disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2004; 135: 330–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folwaczny M., Glas J., Torok H. P., Tonenchi L., Paschos E., Bauer B., Limbersky O., Folwaczny C. Polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene in periodontitis patients. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005; 32: 530–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garlet G. P., Martins W., Ferreira B. R., Milanezi C. M., Silva J. S. Patterns of chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in different forms of human periodontal disease. J. Periodont. Res. 2003; 38: 210–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemmell E., Seymour G. J. Immunoregulatory control of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in periodontal disease. Periodontol. 2000 2004; 35: 21–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giedraitis V., He B., Huang W. X., Hillert J. Cloning and mutation analysis of the human IL-18 promoter: a possible role of polymorphisms in expression regulation. J. Neuroimmunol. 2001; 112: 146–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajishengallis G., Sojar H., Genco R. J., DeNardin E. Intracellular signaling and cytokine induction upon interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae with pattern-recognition receptors. Immunol. Invest. 2004; 33: 157–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatakeyama J., Tamai R., Sugiyama A., Akashi S., Sugawara S., Takada H. Contrasting responses of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts to bacterial cell-surface components through the CD14/Toll-like receptor system. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2003; 18: 14–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imamura Y., Fujigaki Y., Oomori Y., Kuno T., Ota N., Wang P. L. Polymorphism of genes encoding toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease in the Japanese population. J. Int. Acad. Periodontol 2008; 10: 95–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izakovicova Holla L., Buckova D., Fassmann A., Roubalikova L., Vanek J. Lack of association between chronic periodontitis and the Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms in a Czech population. J. Periodont. Res. 2007; 42: 340–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James J. A., Poulton K. V., Haworth S. E., Payne D., McKay I. J., Clarke F. M., Hughes F. J., Linden G. J. Polymorphisms of TLR4 but not CD14 are associated with a decreased risk of aggressive periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontology 2007; 34: 111–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson R. B., Serio F. G. Interleukin-18 concentrations and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J. Periodontol. 2005; 76: 785–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikkert R., Laine M. L., Aarden L. A., van Winkelhoff A. J. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by gram-negative periodontal bacteria. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2007; 22: 145–151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kornman K. S., Crane A., Wang H. Y., di Giovine F. S., Newman M. G., Pirk F. W., Wilson T. G., Jr., Higginbottom F. L., Duff G. W. The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol. 1997; 24: 72–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laine M. L., Morre S. A., Murillo L. S., van Winkelhoff A. J., Pena A. S. CD14 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in adult periodontitis. J. Dent. Res. 2005; 84: 1042–1046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindhe J., Ranney R., Lamster I., Charles A., Chung C. P., Flemmig T., Kinane D., Listgarten M., Löe H., Schoor R., Seymour G., Somerman M. Consensus Report: Chronic Periodontitis. Ann. Periodontol. 1999; 4: 38–38
   Google Scholar
• Loos B. G., John R. P., Laine M. L. Identification of genetic risk factors for periodontitis and possible mechanisms of action. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005; 32: 159–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madianos P. N., Bobetsis Y. A., Kinane D. F. Generation of inflammatory stimuli: how bacteria set up inflammatory responses in the gingiva. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005; 32 Suppl 6: 57–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahanonda R., Pichyangkul S. Toll-like receptors and their role in periodontal health and disease. Periodontol. 2000 2007; 43: 41–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R., Preston-Hurlburt P., Janeway C. A. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 1997; 388: 394–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori Y., Yoshimura A., Ukai T., Lien E., Espevik T., Hara Y. Immunohistochemical localization of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in gingival tissue from patients with periodontitis. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2003; 18: 54–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakanishi K., Yoshimoto T., Tsutsui H., Okamura H. Interleukin-18 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001; 19: 423–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi K., Yoshimoto T., Tsutsui H., Okamura H. Interleukin-18 is a unique cytokine that stimulates both Th1 and Th2 responses depending on its cytokine milieu. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2001; 12: 53–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noack B., Görgens H., Lorenz K., Ziegler A., Hoffmann T., Schackert H. K. TLR4 and IL-18 gene variants in aggressive periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2008; 35: 1020–1026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamura H., Tsutsui H., Komatsu T., Yutsudo M., Hakura A., Tanimoto T., Torigoe K., Okura T., Nukada Y., Hattori K., Akita K., Namba M., Tanabe F., Konishi K., Fukuda S., Kurimoto M. Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-[gamma] production by T cells. Nature 1995; 378: 88–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orozco A., Gemmell E., Bickel M., Seymour G. J. Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 levels in gingival fluid and serum of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2006; 21: 256–260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orozco A., Gemmell E., Bickel M., Seymour G. J. Interleukin 18 and Periodontal Disease. J. Dent. Res. 2007; 86: 586–593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page R. C., Kornman K. S. The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction. Periodontol. 2000 1997; 14: 9–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapanou P. N., Sedaghatfar M. H., Demmer R. T., Wolf D. L., Yang J., Roth G. A., Celenti R., Belusko P. B., Lalla E., Pavlidis P. Periodontal therapy alters gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2007; 34: 736–747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poltorak A., He X., Smirnova I., Liu M. Y., Van Huffel C., Du X., Birdwell D., Alejos E., Silva M., Galanos C., Freudenberg M., Ricciardi-Castagnoli P., Layton B., Beutler B. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998; 282: 2085–2088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarah S. M., Tamilselvan S., Kamatchiammal S., Suresh R. Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Indian. J. Dent. Res. 2006; 17: 114–116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schröder N. W., Meister D., Wolff V., Christan C., Kaner D., Haban V., Purucker P., Hermann C., Moter A., Gobel U. B., Schumann R. R. Chronic periodontal disease is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the human TLR-4 gene. Genes Immun. 2005; 6: 448–451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz S., Zissler N., Altermann W., Klapproth J., Zimmermann U., Glaser C., Schaller H. G., Reichert S. Impact of genetic variants of CD14 and TLR4 on subgingival periodontopathogens. Int. J. Immunogenet. 2008; 35: 457–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapira L., Wilensky A., Kinane D. F. Effect of genetic variability on the inflammatory response to periodontal infection. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005; 32 Suppl 6: 72–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigal L. H. Basic science for the clinician 27: Toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domains. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 2005; 11: 176–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivalingam S. P., Yoon K. H., Koh D. R., Fong K. Y. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene promoter region in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protective effect of AA genotype. Tissue Antigens 2003; 62: 498–504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Socransky S. S., Haffajee A. D., Cugini M. A., Smith C., Kent R. L., Jr. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J. Clin. Periodontol. 1998; 25: 134–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara S., Uehara A., Nochi T., Yamaguchi T., Ueda H., Sugiyama A., Hanzawa K., Kumagai K., Okamura H., Takada H. Neutrophil proteinase 3-mediated induction of bioactive IL-18 secretion by human oral epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 2001; 167: 6568–6575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura T., Kawaguchi Y., Harigai M., Terajima-Ichida H., Kitamura Y., Furuya T., Ichikawa N., Kotake S., Tanaka M., Hara M., Kamatani N. Association between adult-onset Still's disease and interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms. Genes Immun. 2002; 3: 394–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y., Shu R., Zhang M. Z., Wu A. P. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling plays a role in triggering periodontal infection. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 2008; 52: 362–369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tervonen T., Raunio T., Knuuttila M., Karttunen R. Polymorphisms in the CD14 and IL-6 genes associated with periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2007; 34: 377–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson S. R., Humphries S. E. Interleukin-18 genetics and inflammatory disease susceptibility. Genes Immun. 2007; 8: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiret L., Godefroy T., Lubos E., Nicaud V., Tregouet D. A., Barbaux S., Schnabel R., Bickel C., Espinola-Klein C., Poirier O., Perret C., Munzel T., Rupprecht H. J., Lackner K., Cambien F., Blankenberg S. Genetic analysis of the interleukin-18 system highlights the role of the interleukin-18 gene in cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2005; 112: 643–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonetti M. S., Claffey N. Advances in the progression of periodontitis and proposal of definitions of a periodontitis case and disease progression for use in risk factor research. Group C Consensus report of the 5th European workshop in periodontology. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005; 32: 210–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vokurka J., Klapusova L., Pantuckova P., Kukletova M., Kukla L., Holla L. I. The association of MMP-9 and IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms with gingivitis in adolescents. Arch. Oral Biol. 2009; 54: 172–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshie H., Kobayashi T., Tai H., Galicia J. C. The role of genetic polymorphisms in periodontitis. Periodontol. 2000 2007; 43: 102–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar