Postoperative Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome – Risk Factors and Treatment

References

• Kim HK, Shin JP. Capsular block syndrome after cataract surgery: clinical analysis and classification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(3):357–363. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.11.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtz SJ. Postoperative capsular bag distension. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1992;18:310–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal S, Agrawal J, Agrawal TP. Incomplete capsular bag distension syndrome after neodymium: yAGcapsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(2):351–352. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.07.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyer O, Goldstein M, Rothkoff L, Lazar M. Capsular bag distension associated with sulcus implantation of intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:1538–1540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal S, Agrawal J, Agrawal TP. Complete capsular bag distension syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1417–1418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basti S, Nayak H, Mathur U. Capsular bag distension after optic captureof a sulcus-fixated intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:293–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouri-Mahdavi K. Early capsular distension syndrome after sulcus implantation of intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1833–1835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durak I, Ozbek Z, Ferliel ST, Oner FH, Söylev M. Early postoperative capsular block syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:555–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharjee H, Bhattacharjee K, Bhattacharjee P, Das D, Gogoi K, Arati D. Liquefied after cataract and its surgical treatment. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62(5):580. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.129771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake K, Ota I, Ichihashi S, Miyake S, Tanaka Y, Terasaki H. New classification of capsular block syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:1230–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyugin BE, Verzin AA, Vlasenko AV, Uzunyan DG. Addition to capsular block syndrome classification. Fyodorov J Ophthalmic Surg. 2018;(2):75–80. doi:10.25276/0235-4160-2018-2-75-80.
   Google Scholar
• Vlasenko A, Malyugin B, Verzin A, Uzunyan D Capsular bag distention syndrome: case series and management strategies. Presented at the: European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons; October 10, 2017; Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Vélez M, Velásquez LF, Rojas S, Montoya L, Zuluaga K, Balparda K. Capsular block syndrome: a case report and literature review. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1507–1513. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S67407.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galvin JC, Berdoukas P, Fung AT. Two cases of very late-onset capsular bag distension syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2018;10:268–270. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.03.019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plemel DJA, Benson MD, Rayat JS, Greve MDJ, Tennant MTS. Capsular block syndrome 20 years post-cataract surgery. Can J Ophthalmol. 2018;53:e222–e224. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titiyal JS, Falera R, Kaur M, Arora T. Management of late-onset flocculent after-cataract with capsular bag lavage and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(7):984–987. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1324_17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh JS, Song YB, Wee WR, Han YK. Recurrent late-onset fibrotic capsular block syndrome after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser anterior capsulotomy: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16:86. doi:10.1186/s12886-016-0261-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang MK, Wee WR, Kwon J-W, Han YK. Anterior chamber depth and refractive change in late postoperative capsular bag distension syndrome: a retrospective analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0125895. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huerva V, Sánchez MC, Ascaso FJ, Soldevila J. Late postoperative capsular block syndrome: a case series studied before and after Nd: yAGlaser posterior capsulotomy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015;25(1):27–32. doi:10.5301/ejo.5000507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez Velez M, Huerva V, Sanchez MC, Ascaso FJ, Soldevila J. A case series of late postoperative capsular block syndrome treated by Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92:0–0. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.S088.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojzis P, Studený P, Piñero DP. Management of late postoperative capsular block syndrome with accumulation of Propionibacterium acnes. Can J Ophthalmol. 2014;49(3):e76–e77. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberman ID, Rusu IM, Kahn JB. Late-onset capsular bag distension syndrome following antihistamine administration. JCRS Online Case Rep. 2014;2(3):58–60. doi:10.1016/j.jcro.2014.06.004.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu XJ, Zhang KK, Yang J, Ye HF, Lu Y. Scheimpflug imaging of ultra-late postoperative capsular block syndrome. Eye. 2014;28(7):900–904. doi:10.1038/eye.2014.107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinarci EY, Bayar SA, Sizmaz S, Canan H, Yilmaz G. Late capsular block syndrome presenting with posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38(4):672–676. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.11.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan-Warren P, Manna A. Late-onset capsular bag distension syndrome following cataract surgery. JRSM Short Rep. 2011;2(6):53. doi:10.1258/shorts.2011.011053.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhaliwal DK, Farhi P, Eller AW, Kowalski RP. Late capsular block syndrome associated with Propionibacterium acnes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(2):246–247. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kollias AN, Vogel MA, de Kaspar HM, Lackerbauer CA, Grueterich M. Propionibacterium acnes in capsular bag distension syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(1):167–169. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.06.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu J, Bao Y, Li M, Zhao M, Li X. Surgical management of late capsular block syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(10):1687–1691. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.02.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardelli PG. Slitlamp needle revision of capsular block syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(7):1065–1069. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.04.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colakoglu A, Kucukakyuz N, Topcuoglu IE, Akar S. Intraocular pressure rise and recurrence of capsular block syndrome after neodymium: yAGlaser anterior capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(7):1344–1346. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.02.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendrix G, Zeyen T. Late-onset capsular bag distention syndrome after cataract surgery: 2 case-reports. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2006;3(301):67–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shah NA, Goulstine DB. Capsular block syndrome presenting with a hyperopic shift. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(11):1974–1976. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.06.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil S, Azarbod P, Toufeeq A. Late-onset capsular block syndrome without lens displacement. Eye. 2007;21(1):113–114. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J-C CJ. Late postoperative capsular block syndrome: entrapment of liquefied after-cataract by capsular bend. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31(3):630–632. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.06.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Rebolleda G. Capsular bag distension syndrome after combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005;83(2):252–255. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00432.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain AK, Sukhija J, Saini JS. Surgical management of early postoperative capsular bag distension syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(5):1143–1145. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.03.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baikoff G, Rozot P, Lutun E, Wei J. Assessment of capsular block syndrome with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(11):2448–2450. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao Y, Wang Y-H, Fu Z-Y. Capsular block syndrome caused by a reversed-optic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(5):1130–1132. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.08.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namiki I, Miyake K, Ota I, Miyake S. Localized liquefied after-cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:207–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tognetto D, Toto L, Michieli C, Ravalico G. Capsular block syndrome associated with horizontal jerk nystagmus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1487–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theng JT, Jap A, Chee SP. Capsular block syndrome: A case series. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:462–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson AL, Holladay JT, Kim T, Kendall CJ, Carlson AN. Ultrasonographic measurement of induced myopia associated with capsular bag distention syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:902–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durig J, Zografos L. Posterior capsule opacification and wrinkling in a case of capsular bag distension. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1999;9:66–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake K, Ota I, Miyake S, Horiguchi M. Liquefied aftercataract: a complication of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and intraocular lens implantation in the lens capsule. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125(4):429–435. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(99)80182-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu KL, Gaskell A. Capsular bag distension syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81(7):610. doi:10.1136/bjo.81.7.608c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shammas HJ. Relaxing the fibrosed capsulorhexis rim to correct induced hyperopia after phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21:228–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cautela KA, Passos AF, Mendes AG. Capsular block syndrome - report of two cases. Rev Bras Oftalmol. 2014;73(1). doi:10.5935/0034-7280.20140012.
   Google Scholar
• Eifrig DE. Capsulorhexis-related lacteocrumenasia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:450–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucukevcilioglu M, Hurmeric V, Erdurman FC, Ceylan OM. Imaging late capsular block syndrome: ultrasound biomicroscopy versus Scheimpflug camera. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(11):2071–2074. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.08.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQueen BR, Margo CE. Capsular bag distention syndrome after combined cataract-lens implant surgery and Ahmed valve implantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132(1):109–110. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00935-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri A, Pieri M, Olcelli F, Leaci R, Gandolfi SA, Macaluso C. Swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography in late-onset capsular block syndrome: high-resolution imaging and morphometric modifications after posterior capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(11):1722–1728. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.05.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournié P, Malecaze F, Ponchel C, Arné J-L. Late-onset hyaloideocapsular block syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(10):1839–1841. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.02.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanem VC, Ghanem EA. Sudden decrease in vision caused by liquefied after-cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:210–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawlina G, Perovšek D, Drnovšek-Olup B, Možina J, Gregorčič P. Optical coherence tomography for an in-vivo study of posterior-capsule-opacification types and their influence on the total-pulse energy required for Nd: yAGcapsulotomy: a case series. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:131. doi:10.1186/1471-2415-14-131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Dong J, Zhang S, Sun B. OCT application before and after cataract surgery. In: Lanza M, ed. OCT – Applications in Ophthalmology. London: IntechOpen Limited; 2018. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/oct-applications-in-ophthalmology/oct-application-before-and-after-cataract-surgery
   Google Scholar
• Ozaki L. The barrier function of the posterior capsule. J Am Intraocul Implant Soc. 1984;10:182–184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinoshita JH. Aldose reductase in the diabetic eye XLIII Edward Jackson memorial lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986;102(6):685–692. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(86)90394-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tak H. Hydroimplantation: foldable intraocular lens implantation without an ophthalmic viscosurgical device. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(3):377–379. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.10.042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsal U, Baser G, Soyler M. Intraocular lens implantation without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical device. Int Ophthalmol. 2017;37(1):25–30. doi:10.1007/s10792-016-0211-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Martín-Moro J, González-López JJ, Gómez-Sanz F, Zarallo-Gallardo J, Cobo-Soriano R. Posterior capsule opacification, capsular bag distension syndrome, and anterior capsular phimosis: A retrospective cohort study. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2015;90(2):69–75. doi:10.1016/j.oftal.2014.09.008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitagawa K, Hayasaka S, Nagaki Y. Increased aqueous flare intensity in eyes with liquefied after-cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(6):1342–1344. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.09.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison JA. Capsular bag distension after endophacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990;16:99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masket S. Postoperative complications of capsulorhexis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1993;19:721–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starr MB. Capsular bag distention syndrome noted 5 years after intraocular lens implantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127(2):244–245. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00358-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry A, Lambert P. Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9(12):1149–1156. doi:10.1586/eri.11.137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maalouf F, Abdulaal M, Hamam RN. Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis: a review of clinical characteristics, microbiology, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Int J Inflam. 2012;2012:313248. doi:10.1155/2012/313248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudhry M, Baisakhiya S, Bhatia MS. A rare complication of Nd-YAG capsulotomy: propionibacterium acnes endopthalmitis. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2011;3(1):80–82. doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tetz MR, Apple DJ, Price FW Jr, Piest KL, Kincaid MC, Bath PE. A newly described complication of neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy: exacerbation of an intraocular infection. Case report. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1324–1325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zacharias J. Early postoperative capsular block syndrome related to saccadic-eye-movement-induced fluid flow into the capsular bag. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:415–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao Y-Z, Pei X-T, Li M-W, Li -X-X. Late postoperative capsular block syndrome versus liquefied after-cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(10):1799–1802. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.04.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Kieliszek M, Ścibisz I. Propionibacterium spp.-source of propionic acid, vitamin B12, and other metabolites important for the industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(2):515–538. doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8616-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawlina G, Drnovšek-Olup B, Možina J, Gregorčič P. Photodisruption of a thin membrane near a solid boundary: an in vitro study of laser capsulotomy. Appl Phys A. 2016;122:2. doi:10.1007/s00339-016-9648-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar O, Eng CT, Chang A, Durcan FJ, Liss RP, Stark BI. Capsular bag distension with an acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1996;22:1365–1367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landa G, Hoffman P, Pollack A, Bukelman A, Leiba H, Marcovich A. Outcome of posterior capsulotomy in late capsular block syndrome with posterior capsular opacification. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006;34(9):866–869. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01338.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yepez JB, de Yepez JC, Arevalo JF. Intraoperative peripheral anterior capsulotomy to prevent early postoperative capsular block syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(9):1840–1842. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar