Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): Myths and Realities

REFERENCES

• Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–1042. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schallhorn JM, Seifert S, Schallhorn SC. SMILE, topography-guided LASIK, and wavefront-guided LASIK: review of clinical outcomes in premarket approval FDA studies. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(11):690–698. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20190930-02.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau YT, Shih KC, Tse RH, Chan TC, Jhanji V. Comparison of visual, refractive and ocular surface outcomes between small incision lenticule extraction and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Ophthalmol Ther. 2019;8(3):373–386. doi:10.1007/s40123-019-0202-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz RM, Horvath C, Liu HH, Krueger RR, Juhasz T. Lamellar refractive surgery with scanned intrastromal picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in animal eyes. J Refract Surg. 1998;14:541–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekundo W, Kunert K, Russmann C, et al. First efficacy and safety study of femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia: six-month results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(9):1513–1520. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.05.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekundo W, Kunert KS, Blum M. Small incision corneal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism: results of a 6 month prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(3):335–339. doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.174284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang W, Liu S, Li M, Shen Y, Zhou X. Visual outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted lasik for high myopia. Ophthalmic Res. 2020;63(4):427–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong AHY, Cheung RKY, Kua WN, Shih KC, Chan TCY, Wan KH. Dry eyes after SMILE. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019;8(5):397–405. doi:10.1097/01.APO.0000580136.80338.d0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum M, Lauer AS, Kunert KS, Sekundo W. 10-year results of small incision lenticule extraction. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(10):618–623. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20190826-02.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X. Comparison of moderate- to high-astigmatism corrections using wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis and small-incision lenticule extraction. Cornea. 2016;35(4):523–530. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshirfar M, Murri MS, Shah TJ, et al. Initial single-site surgical experience with SMILE: a comparison of results to FDA SMILE, and the earliest and latest generation of LASIK. Ophthalmol Ther. 2018;7(2):347–360. doi:10.1007/s40123-018-0137-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia LK, Ma J, Liu HN, Shi C, Huang Q. Three-year results of small incision lenticule extraction and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018;11(3):470–477. doi:10.18240/ijo.2018.03.18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Mayah E, Anis M, Salem M, Pinero D, Hosny M. Comparison between Q-adjusted lasik and small-incision lenticule extraction for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Eye Contact Lens. 2018;44(Suppl 2):S426–S32. doi:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000532.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moshirfar M, Somani AN, Motlagh MN, et al. Comparison of FDA-reported visual and refractive outcomes of the toric ICL lens, SMILE, and topography-guided LASIK for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(11):699–706. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20190930-01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recchioni A, Hartwig A, Dermott J, et al. Early clinical outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction surgery (SMILE). Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2018;41(1):132–135. doi:10.1016/j.clae.2017.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Zhu Y, Song X, Yan J, Yao K. Dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus Femtosecond Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for myopia: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0168081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobashi H, Kamiya K, Shimizu K. Dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK: meta-analysis. Cornea. 2017;36(1):85–91. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia L, Zhang J, Wu J, Yu K. Comparison of corneal biological healing after femtosecond LASIK and small incision lenticule extraction procedure. Curr Eye Res. 2016;41(9):1202–1208. doi:10.3109/02713683.2015.1107590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietila J, Huhtala A, Makinen P, et al. Uncorrected visual acuity, postoperative astigmatism, and dry eye symptoms are major determinants of patient satisfaction: a comparative, real-life study of femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis and small incision lenticule extraction for myopia. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1741–1755. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S172894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai WT, Liu QY, Ren CD, et al. Dry eye and corneal sensitivity after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis: a Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017;10(4):632–638. doi:10.18240/ijo.2017.04.21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung B, Choi M, Lee KY, et al. Comparing dry eye disease after small incision lenticule extraction and laser subepithelial keratomileusis. Cornea. 2020 Apr;39(4):501-507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Shen Q, Jia Y, Zhou D, Zhou J. Clinical outcomes of SMILE and FS-LASIK used to treat myopia: a Meta-analysis. J Refract Surg. 2016;32(4):256–265. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20151111-06.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Wang Y. Dry eye evaluation and correlation analysis between tear film stability and corneal surface regularity after small incision lenticule extraction. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(6):2283–2288. doi:10.1007/s10792-017-0717-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khamar P, Shetty R, Vaishnav R, Francis M, Nuijts R, Sinha Roy A. Biomechanics of LASIK Flap and SMILE Cap: a Prospective, Clinical Study. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(5):324–332. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20190319-01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo H, Hosseini-Moghaddam SM, Hodge W. Corneal biomechanical properties after SMILE versus FLEX, LASIK, LASEK, or PRK: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):167. doi:10.1186/s12886-019-1165-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pena-Garcia P, Peris-Martinez C, Abbouda A, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Detection of subclinical keratoconus through non-contact tonometry and the use of discriminant biomechanical functions. J Biomech. 2016;49(3):353–363. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao K, Liu L, Yu T, Chen F, Bai J, Liu T. Changes in corneal biomechanics during small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). Lasers Med Sci. 2019;35(3):599–609. doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02854-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raevdal P, Grauslund J, Vestergaard AH. Comparison of corneal biomechanical changes after refractive surgery by noncontact tonometry: small-incision lenticule extraction versus flap-based refractive surgery - a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(2):127–136. doi:10.1111/aos.13906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman IM, Helaly HA, Abdalla M, Shousha MA. Corneal biomechanical changes in eyes with small incision lenticule extraction and laser assisted in situ keratomileusis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16(1):123. doi:10.1186/s12886-016-0304-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu M, Chen M, Dai J. Comparison of the posterior corneal elevation and biomechanics after SMILE and LASEK for myopia: a short- and long-term observation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(3):601–606. doi:10.1007/s00417-018-04227-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmohamady MN, Abdelghaffar W, Daifalla A, Salem T. Evaluation of femtosecond laser in flap and cap creation in corneal refractive surgery for myopia: a 3-year follow-up. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:935–942. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S164570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty R, Francis M, Shroff R, et al. Corneal biomechanical changes and tissue remodeling after SMILE and LASIK. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(13):5703–5712. doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower KS, Sia RK, Ryan DS, Mines MJ, Dartt DA. Chronic dry eye in photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis: manifestations, incidence, and predictive factors. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(12):2624–2634. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.06.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao S, Li S, Liu L, et al. Early changes in ocular surface and tear inflammatory mediators after small-incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107370. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesh S, Gupta R. Comparison of visual and refractive outcomes following femtosecond laser-assisted lasik with smile in patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(9):590–596. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20140814-02.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Zhao J, Shen Y, et al. Comparison of dry eye and corneal sensitivity between small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond LASIK for myopia. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e77797. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee BH, McLaren JW, Erie JC, Hodge DO, Bourne WM. Reinnervation in the cornea after LASIK. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:3660–3664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolle MA, Randleman JB, Woodward MA. Complications of refractive surgery: ectasia after refractive surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2016;56(2):127–139. doi:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wei S, Tang X. Corneal biomechanical effects: small-incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(6):954–962. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen IB, Bak-Nielsen S, Vestergaard AH, Ivarsen A, Hjortdal J. Corneal biomechanical properties after LASIK, ReLEx flex, and ReLEx smile by Scheimpflug-based dynamic tonometry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252(8):1329–1335. doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2667-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Liu M, Chen Y, et al. Differences in the corneal biomechanical changes after SMILE and LASIK. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(10):702–707. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20140903-09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanellopoulos AJ. Comparison of corneal biomechanics after myopic small-incision lenticule extraction compared to LASIK: an ex vivo study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:237–245. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S153509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titiyal JS, Kaur M, Shaikh F, Gagrani M, Brar AS, Rathi A. Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) techniques: patient selection and perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1685–1699. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S157172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damgaard IB, Ivarsen A, Hjortdal J. Refractive correction and biomechanical strength following SMILE with a 110- or 160-mum cap thickness, evaluated Ex Vivo by inflation test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(5):1836–1843. doi:10.1167/iovs.17-23675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinstein DZ, Carp GI, Archer TJ, Vida RS. Outcomes of Re-treatment by LASIK after SMILE. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(9):578–588. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20180717-02.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siedlecki J, Luft N, Priglinger SG, Dirisamer M. Enhancement Options After Myopic Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): a review. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019;8(5):406–411. doi:10.1097/APO.0000000000000259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Chen Y, Wang D, et al. Clinical outcomes after SMILE and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism: a prospective randomized comparative study. Cornea. 2016;35(2):210–216. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiche A, Trinh L, Saada O, et al. Early recovery of quality of vision and optical performance after refractive surgery: small-incision lenticule extraction versus laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(9):1073–1079. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.06.044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Ma J, Zhang L, et al. Postoperative corneal complications in small incision lenticule extraction: long-term study. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(3):146–152. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20190118-02.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng K, Han T, Li M, et al. Corneal densitometry changes in a patient with interface fluid syndrome after small incision lenticule extraction. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):34. doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0428-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar