References
- Frymier , A. 1993 . The impact of teacher immediacy on students’ motivation: Is it the same for all students? . Communication Quarterly , 41 : 453 – 464 .
- Frymier , A. 1994 . A model of immediacy in the classroom . Communication Quarterly , 42 : 133 – 144 .
- Frymier , A. , Shulman , G.M. and Houser , M. 1996 . The development of a learner empowerment measure . Communication Education , 45 : 181 – 199 .
- Gorham , J. and Millette , D.M. 1997 . A comparative analysis of teacher and student perceptions of sources of motivation and demotivation in college classes . Communication Education , 46 : 245 – 261 .
- Hatcher , L. 1994 . A step by step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. , Cary, NC : SAS Institute Incorporated .
- Hidi , S. 1990 . Interest and its contribution as a mental resource for learning . Review of Educational Research , 60 : 549 – 571 .
- Mitchell , M. 1993 . Situational interest Its multifaceted structure in the secondary school mathematics classroom . Journal of Educational Psychology , 85 : 424 – 436 .
- Pintrich , P.R. , Smith , D.F. and Garcia , T. 1993 . Reliability and predictive validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 53 : 801 – 813 .
- Richmond , V.A. 1990 . Communication in the classroom: Power and motivation . Communication Education , 39 : 181 – 195 .
- Rodriguez , J.I. , Plax , T.G. and Kearney , P. 1996 . Clarifying the relationship between teacher nonverbal immediacy and student cognitive learning: Affective learning as the central causal mediator . Communication Education , 45 : 293 – 305 .
- Schiefele , U. 1991 . Interest, learning, and motivation . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 299 – 323 .
- Schraw , G. , Bruning , R. and Svoboda , C. 1995 . Sources of situational interest . Journal of Reading Behavior , 27 : 1 – 15 .
- Schraw , G. and Dennison , R.S. 1994 . The effect of reader purpose on interest and recall . Journal of Reading Behavior , 26 : 1 – 16 .
- Singleton , R.A. , Straits , B.C. and Straits , M.M. 1993 . Approaches to social research. , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
- Skinner , E.A. and Belmont , M.J. 1993 . Motivation in the classroom: Reciprocal effects of teacher behavior and student engagement across the school year . Journal of Educational Psychology , 85 : 571 – 581 .
- Stipek , D.J. 1996 . “ Motivation and instruction ” . In Handbook of Educational Psychology, , Edited by: Berliner and Calfee . 85 – 113 . New York, NY : Macmillan .
- Thomas , K. and Velthouse , B. 1990 . Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive”; model of intrinsic task motivation . Academy of Management Review , 15 : 666 – 681 .
- Tobias , S. 1994 . Interest, prior knowledge, and learning . Review of Educational Research , 64 : 37 – 54 .