Dry High-Intensity Magnetic Separation In Mineral Industry—A Review Of Present Status And Future Prospects

References

• Abubakre, O. K., Muriana, R. A., and Nwokike, P. N., 2007, “Characterization and beneficiation of Anka chromite ore using magnetic separation process.” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterisation & Engineering, 6(2), pp. 143–150.
   Google Scholar
• Alp, I., 2009, “Application of magnetic separation technology for the processing of a colemanite ore.” The Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 108, pp. 139–145.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Wakeel, M. I., and El-Rahman, M. K., 2006, “Beneficiation of low grade Ghorabi iron ore, Bahariya Oasis, Egypt: A case study.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 115(4), pp. 177–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreachi, J. R., and Palasvirta, O. E., 1965, “Magnetic separator.” Canadian Patent No. 711, pp. 991.
   Google Scholar
• Arvidson, B. R., 1999, “Advances in rare earth magnetic drum separators for heavy minerals sands processing.” SAIMM Heavy Minerals Conference, Durban, South Africa, November, pp. 121–124.
   Google Scholar
• Arvidson, B. R., 2000, “Recent developments of rare earth magnetic roll and drum separators,” In Proceedings of Society of Mineral Engineers, Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Preprint 00–140.
   Google Scholar
• Arvidson, B. R., and Norrgran, D., 2014, “Magnetic Separation.” In Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy- 100 Years of Innovation (Corby G. Anderson, Robert C. Dunne, Eds.), USA: Society For Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, pp. 223.
   Google Scholar
• Aslan, N., and Kaya, H., 2009, “Beneficiation of chromite concentration Wwste by multi-gravity separator and high intensity Induced-roll magnetic separator.” The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 34(2B), pp. 285–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atesok, G., Perek, K. T., Dincer, H., Celik, M. S., 1999, “Reduction of Ash and Sulfur Contents of Low-RankTurkish Semicoked Lignite by High Intensity Dry Magnetic Separation,” Coal Preparation, 20(3–4), pp. 79–190.
   Google Scholar
• Atesok, G., Ozer, M., Atesok, H. D., and Burat, F., 2012, “Beneficiation of Ankara-Haymana region manganese ores by magnetic separation method,” In Procedding of XIII International Mineral Processing Symposium (IMPS 2012), (H. Ozdag, V. Bozkurt, H. Ipek, K. Bilir, Eds.), Bodrum, 10–12, pp. 91–98.
   Google Scholar
• Ayeni, F. A., Madugu, I. A., Sukop, P., Ibitoye, S. A., Adeleke, A. A., and Abdulwahab, M., 2012, “Secondary recovery of columbite from tailing dump in Nigerian Jos mines filed.” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterisation & Engineering, 11(6), pp. 587–595.
   Google Scholar
• Babu, N., Vasumathi, N., and Rao, R. B., 2009, “Recovery of ilmenite and other heavy minerals from Teri Sands of Tamil Nadu, India.” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 8(2), pp. 149–159.
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee, S. S., and Dixit, S. G., 1992, “De-ashing of coals with high gradient magnetic separation using enhancement of magnetic property.” Fuel Science and Technology International, 10(10), pp. 1653–1670.
   Google Scholar
• Bhagat, R. P., Banerjee, B., Saha, P., and Mukherjee, B. C., 2006, “Dry magnetic separation of bauxite ore,” in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, Chennai, India, pp. 328–333.
   Google Scholar
• Broek, M., 1995, “The distribution of magnetic susceptibility in crushed ores.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 6, pp. 213–228.
   Google Scholar
• Bronkala, W. J., 2000, “Magnetic separation,” Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, New Jersey, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Cakir, I., Rozelaar, A. J. W., and Wells, I. S., 1977, “A preliminary analysis of the mechanical forces acting on a particle on the rotor of an electrostatic separator,” In the Proceeding of XII International Mineral Processing Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, p. 4.
   Google Scholar
• Celik, M. S., 2002, “Dry cleaning of low rank coals by low temperature carbonization and magnetic separation.” Coal Preparation, 22, pp. 311–322.
   Google Scholar
• Celik, M. S, and Yildirim, I., 2000, “A new physical process for desulfurization of low-rank coals.” Fuel, 79, pp. 1665–1669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Liao, G., Qian, Z., and Chen, J., 2012, “Vibrating high gradient magnetic separation for purification of iron impurities under dry conditions.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 102-103, pp. 136–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciesla, A., 1992, “Application of superconducting magnets to magnetic separation-some selected aspects.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 3, pp. 219–240.
   Google Scholar
• Das, B., Mohanty, J. K., Reddy, P. S. R., and Ansari, M. I., 1997, “Characterization and beneficiation studies of charge chrome slag.” Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 26(4), pp. 153–157.
   Google Scholar
• Dash, N., Mohapatra, B. K., and Rao, D. S., 2010, “Petro-minerarographical studies of off-grade Mn-ores from two contrasting occurrences in Gangpur group of rocks, India and their influence on beneficiation.” World of Metallurgy-ERZMETALL, 63(2), pp. 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Dobbins, M., Dunn, P., and Sherrell, I., 2009, “Recent advances in magnetic separator designs and applications,” In Proceeding of 7th International Heavy Minerals Conference ‘What next’, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 63–70.
   Google Scholar
• Dwari, R. K., Rao, D. S., and Reddy, P. S. R., 2013, “Magnetic separation studies for a low grade siliceous iron ore sample,” International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 23, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Dwari, R. K., Rao, D. S., and Reddy, P. S. R., 2014, “Mineralogical and beneficiation studies of a low grade iron ore sample.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 95(2), pp 115–123.
   Google Scholar
• Dwari, R. K. and Rao, K. H., 2007, “Dry beneficiation of coal – a review.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 28, pp. 177–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Rehiem, F. H., and El-Rahman, A., 2008, “Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 117(3), pp. 171–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujlta, T., Hashimoto, H., Masuda, S., and Oda, T., 1981, “HGMS of Coal,” In Proceeding of Inlernational Symposium on Powder Technololy, pp. 797.
   Google Scholar
• Gehauf, R., 2004, “A practical guide on selecting and optimizing rare earth magnetic separators.” In SME Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Goolsby, T. L., and Moore, H. F., 1997, “Development of FCC catalyst magnetic separation.” Separation Science and Technology, 32(1–4), pp. 655–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grey, T. J., and Orekondy, S. S., 2010, “Beltless Rare Earth Roll Magnetic Separator System and Method,” United States Patent Application Publication, Pub. No: US2010/0122940A1, Pub. Date: May 20, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Grieco, G., Kastrati, S., and Pedrotti, M., 2014, “Magnetic enrichment of braunite- Rich manganese ore at different grain sizes.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review: An International Journal, 35(4), pp. 257–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gülsoy, O. Y., and Orhan, E. C., 2004, “Importance of magnet-steel configuration in dry high intensity permanent magnetic rolls: Theoretical and practical approach.” Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 38, pp. 301–309.
   Google Scholar
• Gülsoy, O. Y., Can, N. M., Bayraktar, I, 2005, “Production of potassium feldspar concentrate from a low-grade pegmatitic ore in Turkey,” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (Trans. IMM: Sec. C), 114(2), pp. 80–86.
   Google Scholar
• Gunther, C. G., 1909, “Electromagnetic Ore Separation. ” New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Herskovitch, D., and Lin, I. J., 1996, “Upgrading of raw perlite by a dry magnetic technique.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 7, pp. 145–161.
   Google Scholar
• Hise, E. C., Holman, A. S., and Friedlaender, F. J., 1981, “Development of high gradient and open-gradient magnet separation of dry fine coal.” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 17(6), pp. 3314–3316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtham, P. N., Nolan, C., and Brown, J., 2007, “Determination of magnetic susceptibility based partition curves for a wet high intensity magnetic separator (WHIMS).” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Beneficiation of Fines and its Technology (ICBeneFiT-2007), (A. K. Mukherjee and D. Bhattacharjee, Eds.), Dec. 10-12, Jamshedpur, India: Tata Mc-Grahill Publication, pp. 63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Hucko, R. E. and Maronde, C. P., 1982, “The Apphco-Lion of HGMS in Coal Preparation.” In Proceedings on International Coal Prepararation Congress, New Delhi, India, pp. F2.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, S. S., Farahat, M. M., and Boulos, T. R., 2017, “Optimizing the performance of the RER magnetic separator for upgrading silica sands.” Particulate Science and Technology, 35(1), pp. 21–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, S. S., Mohamed, H. A., and Boulos, T. R., 2002, “Dry magnetic separation of nepheline syenite ores,” Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 36, pp. 173–183.
   Google Scholar
• Iyer, P. V., 2011, “Magnetic and electrostatic separation,” In SME Mining Engineers Hand Book, 3rd Edition, (P. Darling, Ed.), Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, pp. 1533–1545, Colorado, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Karmazin, V. V., 1997, “Theoretical Assessment of Technological Potential of Magnetic and Electrical Separation,” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 8, pp. 139–159.
   Google Scholar
• Koca, H., Koca, S., and Kockar, O. M., 2000, “Upgrading of Kutahya lignites by mild pyrolysis and high intensity dry magnetic separation.” Minerals Engineering, 13(6), pp. 657–661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaper, M. C., Kingman, S. W., and Seville, J. P. K., 2002, “Application of permanent dry high intensity maganetic separator for the proessing of spent FCC catalyst.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 11(3), pp. 141–153.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. A., 1982, “HGMS for coal desulphurisation, physical cleaning of coal: Present and developing methods.” In Physical Cleaning of Coal, (Y. A. Liu, Ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 133–254.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. A., Hamby, K. R., and Colberg, D. R., 1991, “Fundamental and practical development of magnetofluidized beds: A review,” Powder Technology, 64, pp. 3–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockhart, N. C., 1984, “Dry beneficiation of coal.” Powder Technology, 40, pp. 17–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lua, A. C., and Boucher, R. F., 1990, “Sulphur and ash reduction in coal by high gradient magnetic separation.” Coal Preparation, 8(1–2), pp. 61–71.
   Google Scholar
• Male, S. E., 1984, “Magnetic susceptlbdlty and seporatron of inorganic malerial from UK coals.” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 17, pp. 55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menad, N., Kanari, N., and Save, M., 2014, “Recovery of high grade iron compounds from LD slag by enhanced magnetic separation techniques.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 126, pp. 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra, P. P., Mohapatra, B. K., and Mhanta, K., 2009a, “Upgradation of low grade siliceous manganese ore from Bonai-Keonjhar belt, Orissa, India.” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 8(1), pp. 47–56.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, P. P., Mohapatra, B. K., and Singh, P. P., 2009b, “Enrichment of cobalt values by dry magnetic separation from low grade manganese ore of Bonai-Keonjhar belt, Orissa.” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 8(4), pp. 317–327.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. G., and Bronkala, W. J., 1991, “The selection and application of magnetic separation equipment: Part I.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 3, pp. 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. G., and Bronkala, W. J., 1993, “The selection and application of magnetic separation equipment: Part II.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 4, pp. 151–172.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, I. D., 1977, “Mathematical modeling of high tension rolls separation,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Mostika, Y. S., Karmazin, V. I., Shute, V. Yu., and Grebenyuk, L. Z., 1999, “About the equations of motion of a magnetic particle in a magnetic separator.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 10, pp. 35–44.
   Google Scholar
• Murty, V. V. R., 2011, “Magnetic separation.” In Operational Hand Book of Mineral Processing, Nagpur, India: Denett & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Naik, P. K., 2002, “Quantification of induced roll magnetic separation of mineral sand,” Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 31, pp. 367–373.
   Google Scholar
• Norrgran, D. A., and Mankosa, M. J., 2006, “Selection and sizing of magnetic concentrating equipment: Plant design/layout,” In A.L. Mular, D.N. Halbe, and D.J. Barratt (Eds.), SME Mining Engineers Handbook, Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc., Colorado, USA, pp. 1069–1093.
   Google Scholar
• Norrgran, D. A., and Marin, J. A., 1994, “Rare earth permanent magnet separators and their applications in mineral processing.” Minerals and Metallurgical Processing, 11(1), pp. 41–45.
   Google Scholar
• Oder, R. R., 2003, “Dry magnetic separation of ash, sulfur and mercury from Southwestern Wyoming coal,” In Proceeding of 18th International Low Rank Fuels Symposium, June 24-26, Billings, Montana.
   Google Scholar
• Order, R. R, Weinstein, R. S., and Snoby, R. J., 2003, “Combined air jig and dry magnetic separator for cleaning coal,” In Twentieth Annul International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Sept., pp. 15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Ozdemir, O., and Celik, M. S., 2002, “Characterisation and recovery of lignitic fly ash byproducts from the Tuncbilek power plant.” Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 41(2), pp. 143–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir, O., Gupta, V., Miller, J. D., Cinar, M. E., and Celik, M. S., 2011, “Production of trona concentrates using high-intensity dry magnetic separation followed by flotation.” Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 28(2), pp. 55–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palasvirta, O. E., 1959, “High intensity magnetic separation of iron ores.” Transactions of AIME, 214, pp. 1244–1248.
   Google Scholar
• Panigrahi, K. N., 2004, “Beach sand minerals and its separation,” In Proceedings on International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology (MPT-2004), (G. V. Rao, and V. N. Misra, Eds.), Allied Publishers, pp. 245–252.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, M. R., 1977, “The physics of magnetic separation.” Contemporary Physics, 18(3),279–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premaratne, W. A. P. J., and Rowson, N. A., 2003, “The processing of beach sand from Sri Lanka for the recovery of titanium using magnetic separation,” Physical Separation in Science and Engineering, 12(1), pp. 13–22.
   Google Scholar
• Premaratne, W. A. P. J., and Rowson, N. A., 2004, “Recovery of titanium from beach sand by physical separation.” The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, 4(3), pp. 183–193.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, D. V. S., 2011, “Magnetic separation,” In Mineral Beneficiciation – A Concise Basic Course, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 109–114.
   Google Scholar
• Roe, L. A., 1958. “Advances in magnetic separation of ores.” Mining Engineering, December, pp. 1261–1965.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, A., 1992, “Magnetic separation – An ever more exacting science.” Industrial Minerals, March 1992, pp. 39–57.
   Google Scholar
• Rylatt, M. G., and Popplewell, G. M., 1999, “Diamond processing at Ekati in Canada.” Minerals Engineering, February, pp. 19.
   Google Scholar
• Saeid, A. M., Butcher, D. A., and Rowson, N. A., 1993, “Coal desulphurisation and ash removal in intensified magnetic fields.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 4(2), pp. 107–116.
   Google Scholar
• Schmelzer, G., 1995, “Separation of metals from waste incineration residue by application of mineral processing,” In Proceedings of the XIX International Mineral Processing Congress, 4, pp. 137–140.
   Google Scholar
• Seifelnassr, A. A. S., Moslim, E. M., and Abouzeid, A. Z. M., 2012, “Effective processing of low-grade iron ore through gravity and magnetic separation techniques.” Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 48(2), pp. 567–578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifelnassr, A. A. S., Moslim, E. M., and Abouzeid, A. Z. M., 2013, “Concentration of a Sudanese low-grade iron ore.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 122, pp. 59–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheahan, M., 1958, “Magnetic separation: Basic principles and their practical application.” Proceedings of Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 186, pp. 135–139.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, H., and Forssberg, E., 2003, “An overview of recovery of metals from slags.” Waste Management, 23, pp. 933–949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, V., 2009, “Connectionist approach for modeling the dry roll magnetic separator.” Minerals and Metallurgical Processing, 26(3), pp. 127–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, V., Ghosh, T. K., Ramamurthy, Y., and Tathavadkar, V., 2011, “Beneficiation and agglomeration process to utilize low-grade ferruginous manganese ore fines.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 99(1), pp. 84–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, V., Nag, S., and Tripathy, S. K., 2013, “Particle flow modeling of dry induced roll magnetic separator.” Powder Technology, 244, pp. 85–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenivas, T., Srinivas, K., Natarajan, R., and Padmanabhan, N. P. H., 2004, “An integrated process for the recovery of tungsten and tin from a combined wolframite-scheelite-casiterite concentrate.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review: An International Journal, 25, pp. 193–203.
   Google Scholar
• Stamboliadis, E. T., and Kailis, G., 2004, “Removal of limestone from bauxite by magnetic separation.” The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, 4(2), pp. 84–90.
   Google Scholar
• Stradling, A. W., 1991, “Development of a model of a cross belt separator.” Minerals Engineering, 4(7–11), pp. 733–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straddling, A. W., 1994, “A theoretical analysis of particle trajectories in a cross belt magnetic separator.” International Journal Mineral Processing, 42, pp. 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoboda, J., 1986, “Application of high-gradient magnetic separation.” Magnetic Separation News, 2, pp. 51–68.
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda, J., 1987, “Development of a linear high-gradient magnetic separator.” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 24(2), pp. 749–752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoboda, J., 2004, “Magnetic Techniques for the Treatment of Materials - Reviews of Magnetic Separators. ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda, J., and Fujita, T., 2003, “Recent developments in magnetic methods of material separation.” Minerals Engineering, 16, pp. 785–792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarjan, G., 1986, “Mineral Processing,” Vol. 2, Budapest: Akademia Kiado, pp. 337–376.
   Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Banerjee, P. K., and Suresh, N., 2014, “Separation analysis of dry high intensity induced roll magnetic separator for concentration of hematite fines.” Powder Technology, 264, pp. 527–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Banerjee, P. K., and Suresh, N., 2015, “Magnetic separation studies on ferruginous chromite fine to enhance Cr: Feratio.” International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 22(3), pp. 217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Banerjee, P. K., and Suresh, N., 2015a, “Effect of desliming on the magnetic separation of low-grade ferruginous manganese ore.” International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 22(7), pp. 661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Murthy, Y. R., and Singh, V., 2013, “Characterisation and separation studies of Indian chromite beneficiation plant tailing.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 122, pp.47–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Murthy, Y. R., Singh, V., and Suresh, N., 2016, “Processing of ferruginous chromite ore by dry high-intensity magnetic separation.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 37(3), pp. 196–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Singh, V., Murthy, Y. R., Banerjee, P. K., and Suresh, N., 2017, “Influence of process parameters of dry high intensity magnetic separators on separation of hematite.” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 160, pp. 16–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Singh, V., and Ramamurthy, Y., 2012, “Improvement in Cr: Fe ratio of Indian chromite ore for ferro chrome production.” International Journal of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing, 1(3), pp. 101–106.
   Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., Singh, V., and Suresh, N., 2015b, “Prediction of separation performance of dry high intensity magnetic separator for processing of para-magnetic minerals.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 96(2), pp. 131–142.
   Google Scholar
• Tripathy, S. K., and Suresh, N., 2017a, “Influence of process parameters of dry high intensity magnetic separators on separation of hematite.” Advanced Powder Technology, 28, pp. 1092–1102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslu, T., and Atalay, U., 2003, “Microwave heating of coal for enhanced magnetic removal of pyrite.” Fuel Processing Technology, 85, pp. 21–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslu, T., Atalay, U., and Arol, A. I., 2003, “Effect of microwave heating on magnetic separation of pyrite.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Enginerering Aspects, 225, pp. 161–167.
   Google Scholar
• Van Driel, C., Sikkenga, J., and Kerkdijk, C., 1984, “Coal cleaning by high gradient magnetic separation.” Journal de Physique Colloques, 45(C1), pp. C1-775–C1-778.
   Google Scholar
• Van Drirl, C. P., and KerkdlJk, C. B. W. J. S., 1983, “Coal upgrading by HGMS,” In Proceedings on 3rd European Coal Utllization Conference, Amsterdam, 3, pp. 63.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, D., Jiang, M., Liu, C., Min, Y., Cui, Y., Liu, J., and Zhang, J., 2012, “Enrichment of Fe-containing phases and recovery of iron and its Oxides by magnetic separation from BOF slags.” Steel Research International, 83(2), pp. 189–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. H. P., 1976, “Magnetic separation at high magnetic field,” In Proceeding of 6th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Grenoble, France: IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J. H. P., 1998, “Superconducting magnetic separation,” In Handbook of Applied Superconductivity, (B. Seeber, Ed.), Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing, pp. 1371–1406.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J. H. P., and Beharrell, P. A., 2006, “Extracting values from mine dumps and tailings.” Minerals Engineering, 19, pp. 1580–1587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. H. P. and Rassi, D., 1984, “Single-wire magnetic separation: A diagnostic tool for mineral processing,” In 50th International Conference on Mineral Science and Technology, Mintek, 26–30 March 1984, Sandton, South Africa. Randburg, South Africa: The Council for Mineral Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, I. S., and Rowson, N. A., 1992, “Application of rare earth magnets in mineral processing.” Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 3, pp. 105–111.
   Google Scholar
• Wernham, J. A., Ross, M. J., Orlich, J. N., Norrgran, D., 1986, In A. L. Muler & M. A. Anderson (Eds.), Design and installation of concentration and dewatering circuits, Design and installation of concentration and dewatering circuits, 478–497.
   Google Scholar
• Wills, B. A., and Munn, T. J. N., 2006, Mineral Processing Technology; An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral (Elsevier Science and Technology Books), 7th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier), Burlington, Massachusettes, London.
   Google Scholar
• Yaniv, I., 1981, “Magnetic separators.” South African Patent Application, 814271.
   Google Scholar
• Yehia, A., and Al-Wakeel, M., 2013, “Role of ore mineralogy in selecting beneficiation route for magnesite-dolomite separation.” Physicochemical Problems in Mineral Processing, 49(2), pp. 525–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildinm, I., Yiice, H., Onal, G., and Celik, M. S., 1996, “Upgrading of low-rank semi-coked lignite by high intensity dry magnetic separator,” in Proceeding of Changing Scopes in Mineral Processing, (Mevlut Kemal, Vedat Arslan, Aliakar, Mehmet Canbazoglu, Eds.), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 137–142.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, B., Zhao, Y., Zhou, C., 2015, “Fine Coal Desulfurization by Magnetic Separation and the Behavior of Sulfur Component Response in Microwave Energy Pretreatment,” Energy and Fuels, 29(2), pp. 1243–1248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar