Hydrophobic Flocculation of Coal Particles Controlled by Mechanical Stirring

References

• Cao, L., X. Chen, and Y. Peng. 2021. The formation and stabilization of oily collector emulsions – A critical review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 42:388–405. doi:10.1080/08827508.2020.1776279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z., M. Xie, and G. Zhou. 2010. Power curves of 24 types of mixers. Chemical Engineering (China) 38:38–43. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9954.2010.03.010.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Z., and X. Zhang. 2004. Manual for mixing equipment selection and design. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eckert, K., E. Schach, and G. Gerbeth. 2019. Carrier flotation: State of the art and its potential for the separation of fine and ultrafine mineral particles. Materials Science Forum 959:125–33. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.959.125.
   Google Scholar
• Forbes, E. 2011. Shear, selective and temperature responsive flocculation: A comparison of fine particle flotation techniques. International Journal of Mineral Processing 99:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2011.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haselhuhn, H. J., and S. K. Kawatra. 2015. Effects of water chemistry on hematite selective flocculation and dispersion. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 36:305–09. doi:10.1080/08827508.2014.978318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honaker, R. Q., R. H. Yoon, and G. H. Luttrell. 2005. Ultrafine coal cleaning using selective hydrophobic coagulation. Coal Preparation 25:81–97. doi:10.1080/07349340590927413a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornn, V., M. Ito, H. Shimada, C. B. Tabelin, S. Jeon, I. Park, and N. Hiroyoshi. 2020. Agglomeration-flotation of finely ground chalcopyrite and quartz: Effects of agitation strength during agglomeration using emulsified oil on chalcopyrite. Minerals 10:380–89. doi:10.3390/met10070912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis, P., B. Jefferson, J. Gregory, and S. A. Parsons. 2005a. A review of floc strength and breakage. Water Research 39:3121–37. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis, P., B. Jefferson, and S. A. Parsons. 2005b. Measuring floc structural characteristics. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/technology 4:1–18. doi:10.1007/s11157-005-7092-1.
   Google Scholar
• Khazaie, A., M. Mazarji, B. Samali, D. Osborne, T. Minkina, S. Sushkova, S. Mandzhieva, and A. Soldatov. 2022. A review on coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of coal slurry. Water 14:918–27. doi:10.3390/w14060918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. 2019. Comparison of macroscopic mixing and mass transfer characteristics of a stirred tank with different impellers. phD diss., Shandong University.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., M. Liu, and Q. Liu. 2018. The effect of non-polar oil on fine hematite flocculation and flotation using sodium oleate or hydroxamic acids as a collector. Minerals Engineering 119:105–15. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, L., Y. Peng, J. Tan, and G. Xie. 2015. A review of the modern characterization techniques for flocs in mineral processing. Minerals Engineering 84:130–44. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2015.10.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, J. Y., C. Selomulya, G. Bushell, G. Bickert, and R. Amal. 2005. On different approaches to estimate the mass fractal dimension of coal aggregates. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 22:299–309. doi:10.1002/ppsc.200500978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., S. Hu, C. Wu, K. Liu, and L. Weng. 2021. Aggregates characterizations of the ultra-fine coal particles induced by nanobubbles. Fuel 297:120–28. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., H. Li, and S. Song. 2022. Review on preparation of ultra-pure coal by physical method. Coal Technology 41:223–26. doi:10.13301/j.cnki.ct.2022.02.057.
   Google Scholar
• Nan, J., W. He, X. Song, and G. Li. 2009. Impact of dynamic distribution of floc particles on flocculation effect. Journal of Environmental Sciences 21:1059–65. doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62382-7.
   Google Scholar
• Ni, C., Q. Zhang, M. Jin, G. Xie, Y. Peng, H. Yu, and X. Bu. 2022. Effect of high-speed shear flocculation on the flotation kinetics of ultrafine microcrystalline graphite. Powder Technology 396:345–53. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal, J. 2019. Innovative development on agglomeration of iron ore fines and iron oxide wastes. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 40:248–64. doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1518222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvizi, S., E. Keshavarz Alamdari, S. H. Hashemabadi, M. Kavousi, and A. Sattari. 2016. Investigating factors affecting on the efficiency of dynamic mixers. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 37:342–68. doi:10.1080/08827508.2016.1218868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajak, V. K., K. K. Relish, S. Kumar, and A. Mandal. 2015. Mechanism and kinetics of separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion by air flotation. Petroleum Science and Technology 33:1861–68. doi:10.1080/10916466.2015.1108987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramudzwagi, M., N. Tshiongo-Makgwe, and W. Nheta. 2020. Recent developments in beneficiation of fine and ultra-fine coal – Review paper. Journal of Cleaner Production 276:122693. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rulyov, N. N., Dontsova, T. A., and V. J. Korolyov. 2005. Ultra-flocculation of diluted fine disperse suspensions. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 26:203–17. doi:10.1080/08827500590943965.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salager, S. E., E. C. Tyrode, M.-T. Celis, and J.-L. Salager. 2001. Influence of the stirrer initial position on emulsion morphology. Making use of the local water-to-oil ratio concept for formulation engineering purpose. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40:4808–14. doi:10.1021/ie010196r.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scales, P. J., S. B. Johnson, and P. C. Kapur. 2000. The influence of surface chemistry on the rheology and flow of flocculated particulate suspensions. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 20:27–40. doi:10.1080/08827509908962461.
   Google Scholar
• Song, H. 2018. Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Beijing: Springer Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Song, S., and A. Lopez-Valdivieso. 2002. Parametric aspect of hydrophobic flocculation technology. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 23:101–27. doi:10.1080/08827500214518.
   Google Scholar
• Song, S., A. Lopez-Valdivieso, J. L. Reyes-Bahena, H. I. Bermejo-Perez, and O. Trass. 2000. Hydrophobic flocculation of Galena fines in aqueous suspensions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 227:272–81. doi:10.1006/jcis.2000.6857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, S., J. Zhang, and P. Chen. 2022. Preparation of clean coal by hydrophobic agglomeration flotation. Journal of China University of Mining&technology 51:532–36. doi:10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.001396.
   Google Scholar
• Sriramoju, S. K., V. Babu, P. S. Dash, S. Majumdar, and D. Shee. 2022. Effective utilization of coal processing waste: Separation of low ash clean coal from washery rejects by hydrothermal treatment. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 43:165–81. doi:10.1080/08827508.2020.1833196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlieghe, M., C. Coufort-Saudejaud, C. Frances, and A. Liné. 2014. In situ characterization of floc morphology by image analysis in a turbulent Taylor–Couette reactor. AIChE Journal 60:2389–403. doi:10.1002/aic.14431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., X. Fu, and J. Wang. 2016a. Effect of shear force field on the separation effect of ultra-clean coal based on fractal dimension of flocs. Journal of China Coal Society 2078–85. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.1890.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., X. H. Fu, J. Wang, and Y. K. Li. 2016b. Effect of mechanical energy input on formation of flocculation in ultra-clean coal separation. Journal of China Coal Society 41:206–12. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.1252.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., F. X. Heng, J. Wang, and L. Yang. 2016c. Multifractal behavior of flocculation growth in ultra-clean coal preparation process. Coal Engineering 48:125–28. doi:10.11799/ce201604037.
   Google Scholar
• Zhuo, Q., W. Liu, X. Jiao, H. Xu, and X. Sun. 2021. Evolution of coal flocs during flocculation under different stirring velocities. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 1–15. doi:10.1080/19392699.2021.1908273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar