881
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Metal extraction from ores and waste materials by ultrasound-assisted leaching -an overview

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abramowicz, J. S., S. B. Barnett, F. A. Duck, P. D. Edmonds, K. H. Hynynen, and M. C. Ziskin. 2008. “Fetal Thermal Effects of Diagnostic Ultrasound.” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 27 (4):541–59. doi:10.7863/jum.2008.27.4.541.
  • Adamczyk, Z., M. Cempa, and B. Białecka. 2022. “The Influence of Ultrasound on Fly Ash Zeolitisation Process Efficiency.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 43 (4):427–39. doi:10.1080/08827508.2021.1897585.
  • Ambedkar, B., R. Nagarajan, and S. Jayanti. 2011. “Ultrasonic Coal-Wash for De-Sulfurization.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 18 (3):718–26. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.09.006.
  • Asakura, Y. 2015. “Experimental Methods in Sonochemistry.” In Sonochemistry and the Acoustic Bubble, edited by F. Grieser, P. K. Choi, N. Enomoto, H. Harada, K. Okitsu, and K. Yasui. Amsterdam: Elsevier. (pp.119–150).
  • Asgari, K., A. Hassanzadeh, S. Nazari, A. Behrad Vakylabad, and M. Hosseinzadeh. 2021. “Effect of Externally Adding Pyrite and Electrical Current on Galvanic Leaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrate.” Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 57 (2):106–20. doi:10.37190/ppmp/132956.
  • Asgharzadehahmadi, S., A. A. Abdul Raman, R. Parthasarathy, and B. Sajjadi. 2016. “Sonochemical Reactors: Review on Features, Advantages and Limitations.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63:302–14. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.030.
  • Ashokkumar, M., and T. J. Mason. 2007. Sonochemistry. New York: WileyNY. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1915141519211912.a01.pub2.
  • Ashokkumar, M., D. Sunartio, S. Kentish, R. Mawson, L. Simons, K. Vilkhu, and C. Versteeg. 2008. “Modification of Food Ingredients by Ultrasound to Improve Functionality: A Preliminary Study on a Model System.” Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 9 (2):155–60. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2007.05.005.
  • Ashter, S. A. 2014. “Mechanics of Materials.” Chap. 6 in Thermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates, edited by S. A. Ashter, 123–45. Oxford: William Andrew Publishing. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-3172-5.00006-2.
  • Astuti, W., N. M. Prilitasari, Y. Iskandar, D. Bratakusuma, and H. T. B. M. Petrus. 2018. Leaching behavior of lanthanum, nickel and iron from spent catalyst using inorganic acids. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 285:012007. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/285/1/012007.
  • Avvaru, B., S. B. Roy, S. Chowdhury, K. N. Hareendran, and A. B. Pandit. 2006. “Enhancement of the Leaching Rate of Uranium in the Presence of Ultrasound.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45 (22):7639–48. doi:10.1021/ie060599x.
  • Avvaru, B., S. B. Roy, Y. Ladola, S. Chowdhury, K. N. Hareendran, and A. B. Pandit. 2008. “Sono-Chemical Leaching of Uranium.” Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 47 (12):2107–13. doi:10.1016/j.cep.2007.10.021.
  • Balakrishnan, S., V. M. Reddy, and R. Nagarajan. 2015. “Ultrasonic Coal Washing to Leach Alkali Elements from Coals.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 27:235–40. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.014.
  • Behera, S. S., S. K. Panda, D. Mandal, and P. K. Parhi. 2019. “Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Leaching of Neodymium from Waste Magnet Using Organic Solvent.” Hydrometallurgy 185:61–70. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.02.003.
  • Birkin, P. R., D. G. Offin, C. J. B. Vian, T. G. Leighton, and A. O. Maksimov. 2011. “Investigation of Noninertial Cavitation Produced by an Ultrasonic Horn.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 (5):3297–308. doi:10.1121/1.3650537.
  • Brunelli, K., and M. Dabalà. 2015. “Ultrasound Effects on Zinc Recovery from EAF Dust by Sulfuric Acid Leaching.” International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 22 (4):353–62. doi:10.1007/s12613-015-1080-4.
  • Bu, X., and M. Alheshibri. 2021. “The Effect of Ultrasound on Bulk and Surface Nanobubbles: A Review of the Current Status.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 76:105629. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105629.
  • Bu, X., Y. Chen, G. Ma, Y. Sun, C. Ni, and G. Xie. 2019. “Differences in Dry and Wet Grinding with a High Solid Concentration of Coking Coal Using a Laboratory Conical Ball Mill: Breakage Rate, Morphological Characterization, and Induction Time.” Advanced Powder Technology 30 (11):2703–11. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2019.08.016.
  • Bulat, T. J. 1974. “Macrosonics in Industry: 3. Ultrasonic Cleaning.” Ultrasonics 12 (2):59–68. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(74)90032-8.
  • Bu, X., G. Xie, Y. Peng, and Y. Chen. 2016. “Kinetic Modeling and Optimization of Flotation Process in a Cyclonic Microbubble Flotation Column Using Composite Central Design Methodology.” International Journal of Mineral Processing 157:175–83. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2016.11.006.
  • Bu, X., S. Zhou, X. Tian, C. Ni, S. Nazari, and M. Alheshibri. 2022. “Effect of Aging Time, Airflow Rate, and Nonionic Surfactants on the Surface Tension of Bulk Nanobubbles Water.” Journal of Molecular Liquids 359:119274. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119274.
  • Case, T. D. 1998. “Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation.” The Surgical Clinics of North America 78 (2):197–217. doi:10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70309-1.
  • Chandrapala, J., C. M. Oliver, S. Kentish, and M. Ashokkumar. 2013. “Use of Power Ultrasound to Improve Extraction and Modify Phase Transitions in Food Processing.” Food Reviews International 29 (1):67–91. doi:10.1080/87559129.2012.692140.
  • Chang, J., E.-D. Zhang, L.-B. Zhang, J.-H. Peng, J.-W. Zhou, C. Srinivasakannan, and C.-J. Yang. 2017. “A Comparison of Ultrasound-Augmented and Conventional Leaching of Silver from Sintering Dust Using Acidic Thiourea.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 34:222–31. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.038.
  • Chen, B., S. Bao, Y. Zhang, and S. Li. 2020a. “A High-Efficiency and Sustainable Leaching Process of Vanadium from Shale in Sulfuric Acid Systems Enhanced by Ultrasound.” Separation and Purification Technology 240:116624. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116624.
  • Chen, X., J. Bayanheshig, Q. Tan, and X. Wang. 2021. “Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic Enhancement by Acoustic Streaming and Thermal Effect on Mass Transfer Through a New Computation Model.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 171:121074. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121074.
  • Chen, X., F. Ning, J. Hou, Q. Le, and Y. Tang. 2018. “Dual-Frequency Ultrasonic Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 40:433–41. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.027.
  • Chen, Y., V. N. Truong, X. Bu, and G. Xie. 2020b. “A Review of Effects and Applications of Ultrasound in Mineral Flotation.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 60:104739. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104739.
  • Cleary, P. W., and R. D. Morrison. 2016. “Comminution Mechanisms, Particle Shape Evolution and Collision Energy Partitioning in Tumbling Mills.” Minerals Engineering 86:75–95. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2015.12.006.
  • Crum, L. A., and D. A. Nordling. 1972. “Velocity of Transient Cavities in an Acoustic Stationary Wave.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 52 (1B):294–301. doi:10.1121/1.1913092.
  • Daryabor, M., A. Ahmadi, and H. Zilouei. 2017. “Solvent Extraction of Cadmium and Zinc from Sulphate Solutions: Comparison of Mechanical Agitation and Ultrasonic Irradiation.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 34:931–37. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.07.014.
  • Das, D., S. Mukherjee, and M. G. Chaudhuri. 2021. Studies on leaching characteristics of electronic waste for metal recovery using inorganic and organic acids and base. Waste Management & Research : The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA 39 (2):242–49. doi:10.1177/0734242X20931929.
  • Dükkancı, M., and G. Gündüz. 2006. “Ultrasonic Degradation of Oxalic Acid in Aqueous Solutions.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 13 (6):517–22. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.10.005.
  • Elder, S. A. 1959. “Cavitation Microstreaming.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 31 (1):54–64. doi:10.1121/1.1907611.
  • Entezari, M. H., and P. Kruus. 1994. “Effect of Frequency on Sonochemical Reactions. I: Oxidation of Iodide.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 1 (2):S75–S79. doi:10.1016/1350-4177(94)90001-9.
  • Entezari, M. H., and P. Kruus. 1996. “Effect of Frequency on Sonochemical Reactions II. Temperature and Intensity Effects.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 3 (1):19–24. doi:10.1016/1350-4177(95)00037-2.
  • Fan, Q., C. Chen, C. Fan, Z. Liu, X. Cai, S. Lin, and C. Yang. 2021. “Ultrasonic Induces Grain Refinement in Gas Tungsten Arc Cladding AlCocrfeni High-entropy Alloy Coatings.” Materials Science and Engineering: A 821:141607. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141607.
  • Ferrero, F., and M. Periolatto. 2012. “Ultrasound for Low Temperature Dyeing of Wool with Acid Dye.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 19 (3):601–06. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.10.006.
  • Fischer, C. H., E. J. Hart, and A. Henglein. 1986. “Ultrasonic Irradiation of Water in the Presence of Oxygen 18,18O2: Isotope Exchange and Isotopic Distribution of Hydrogen Peroxide.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry 90 (9):1954–56. doi:10.1021/j100400a043.
  • Gamarra Güere, C. D., A. Alarcón, T. Canchanya, M. García, G. Pareja, C. Segura Piña, and J. C. Rodriguez-Reyes. 2018. “Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching as a Greener Method in Mineral Processing: Improved Silver Extraction from a Sulfide-Based Mineral Concentrate Without Increasing Cyanide Consumption.” Investigación Aplicada E Innovación 10:15–19.
  • Garg, H., N. Nagar, M. N. Ansari, G. Ellamparuthy, S. I. Angadi, A. Akcil, and C. S. Gahan. 2020. “Bioleaching of Waste Mobile Phone Printed Circuit Board in Controlled Redox Potential Compared to Non-controlled Redox Potential.” International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17 (6):3165–76. doi:10.1007/s13762-019-02540-y.
  • Gui, Q., M. I. Khan, S. Wang, and L. Zhang. 2020. “The Ultrasound Leaching Kinetics of Gold in the Thiosulfate Leaching Process Catalysed by Cobalt Ammonia.” Hydrometallurgy 196:105426. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105426.
  • Hagenson, L. C., and L. K. Doraiswamy. 1998. “Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasound and Mechanical Agitation on a Reacting Solid-Liquid System.” Chemical Engineering Science 53 (1):131–48. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00193-0.
  • Hassanzadeh, A., H. Gholami, S. G. Özkan, T. Niedoba, and A. Surowiak. 2021. “Effect of Power Ultrasound on Wettability and Collector-less Floatability of Chalcopyrite, Pyrite and Quartz.” Minerals 11 (1):48. doi:10.3390/min11010048.
  • He, H., J. Cao, and N. Duan. 2017. “Ultrasound and Mechanical Activation Cleaner Promote Lattice Manganese Extraction: A Combined Experimental and Modeling Study.” Journal of Cleaner Production 143:231–37. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.124.
  • Horst, C., Y. S. Chen, U. Kunz, and U. Hoffmann. 1996. “Design, Modeling and Performance of a Novel Sonochemical Reactor for Heterogeneous Reactions.” Chemical Engineering Science 51 (10):1837–46. doi:10.1016/0009-2509(96)00227-8.
  • Ingeç, T., and T. Tekin. 2004. “Effect of Ultrasound on the Production Reaction Kinetics of Sodium Thiosulfate.” Chemical Engineering & Technology 27 (2):150–53. doi:10.1002/ceat.200401905.
  • Jalal, J., and T. S. H. Leong. 2018. “Microstreaming and Its Role in Applications: A Mini-Review.” Fluids 3 (4):93. doi:10.3390/fluids3040093.
  • Jiang, F., Y. Chen, S. Ju, Q. Zhu, L. Zhang, J. Peng, X. Wang, and J. D. Miller. 2018. “Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching of Cobalt and Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 48:88–95. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.019.
  • John, J. J., V. De Houwer, D. Van Mechelen, and T. Van Gerven. 2020. “Effect of Ultrasound on Leaching of Lead from Landfilled Metallurgical Residues.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 69:105239. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105239.
  • Kentish, S., and M. Ashokkumar. 2011. “The Physical and Chemical Effects of Ultrasound.” In Ultrasound Technologies for Food and Bioprocessing, edited by H. Feng, G. Barbosa-Canovas, and J. Weiss, 1–12. New York, New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7472-3_1.
  • Kim, J., T. A. Kaurich, P. Sylvester, and A. Gonzalez‐martin. 2006. “Enhanced Selective Leaching of Chromium from Radioactive Sludges.” Separation Science and Technology 41 (1):179–96. doi:10.1080/01496390500445972.
  • Koerner, R. M., A. E. Lord, and Y. H. Hsuan. 1992. “Arrhenius Modeling to Predict Geosynthetic Degradation.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 11 (2):151–83. doi:10.1016/0266-1144(92)90042-9.
  • Kuipa, P., C. Mangunda, O. Kuipa, and T. Sithole. 2014. “Recovery of Lead from Lead Laden Cupels by a Simultaneous Leaching and Electrowinning Process in a Methanesulphonic Acid Bath.” International Journal of ChemTech Research 6 (4):2404–2413.
  • Lahiri, S., R. L. Bhardwaj, D. Mandal, and P. R. Gogate. 2020. “Intensified Dissolution of Uranium from Graphite Substrate using Ultrasound.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 65:105066. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105066.
  • Lamminen, M. O., H. W. Walker, and L. K. Weavers. 2004. “Mechanisms and Factors Influencing the Ultrasonic Cleaning of Particle-Fouled Ceramic Membranes.” Journal of Membrane Science 237 (1):213–23. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.031.
  • Leighton, T. G. 1994. The Acoustic Bubble. Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-441920-9.50004-3.
  • Leighton, T. G., M. J. W. Pickworth, A. J. Walton, and P. P. Dendy. 1988. “Studies of the Cavitational Effects of Clinical Ultrasound by Sonoluminescence: 1. Correlation of Sonoluminescence with the Standing Wave Pattern in an Acoustic Field Produced by a Therapeutic Unit.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 33 (11):1239–48. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/33/11/002.
  • Le, M., and M. S. Lee. 2019. “Dissolution Behavior of Sulfur and Some Metals from Spent Petroleum Catalysts by Alkaline Solutions.” Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 55 (5):1217–26. doi:10.5277/ppmp19043.
  • Le, M. N., and M. S. Lee. 2021. “A Review on Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Catalysts and Life Cycle Analysis Perspective.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 42 (5):335–54. doi:10.1080/08827508.2020.1726914.
  • Leong, T., L. Johansson, P. Juliano, S. L. McArthur, and R. Manasseh. 2013. “Ultrasonic Separation of Particulate Fluids in Small and Large Scale Systems: A Review.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52 (47):16555–76. doi:10.1021/ie402295r.
  • Li, S., W. Chen, S. Yin, A. Ma, K. Yang, F. Xie, L. Zhang, and J. Peng. 2015. “Impacts of Ultrasound on Leaching Recovery of Zinc from Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore.” Green Processing and Synthesis 4 (4):323–28.
  • Li, L., J. Ge, R. Chen, F. Wu, S. Chen, and X. Zhang. 2010a. “Environmental Friendly Leaching Reagent for Cobalt and Lithium Recovery from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries.” Waste Management 30 (12):2615–21. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.008.
  • Li, H., S. Li, J. Peng, C. Srinivasakannan, L. Zhang, and S. Yin. 2018a. “Ultrasound Augmented Leaching of Nickel Sulfate in Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Media.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 40:1021–30. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.031.
  • Li, H., S. Li, C. Srinivasakannan, L. Zhang, S. Yin, K. Yang, and H. Xie. 2018b. “Efficient Cleaning Extraction of Silver from Spent Symbiosis Lead-zinc Mine Assisted by Ultrasound in Sodium Thiosulfate System.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 49:118–27. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.034.
  • Li, L., J. Lu, Y. Ren, X. X. Zhang, R. J. Chen, F. Wu, and K. Amine. 2012. “Ascorbic-Acid-Assisted Recovery of Cobalt and Lithium from Spent Li-Ion Batteries.” Journal of Power Sources 218:21–27. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.068.
  • Li, C., F. Xie, Y. Ma, T. Cai, H. Li, Z. Huang, and G. Yuan. 2010b. “Multiple Heavy Metals Extraction and Recovery from Hazardous Electroplating Sludge Waste Via Ultrasonically Enhanced Two-Stage Acid Leaching.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 178 (1):823–33. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.013.
  • Li, X., P. Xing, X. Du, S. Gao, and C. Chen. 2017. “Influencing Factors and Kinetics Analysis on the Leaching of Iron from Boron Carbide Waste-scrap With Ultrasound-assisted Method.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 38:84–91. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.037.
  • Li, L., L. Zhai, X. Zhang, J. Lu, R. Chen, F. Wu, and K. Amine. 2014. “Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries by Ultrasonic-assisted Leaching Process.” Journal of Power Sources 262:380–85. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.013.
  • Li, H., Z. Zhang, S. Tang, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2008. “Ultrasonically Assisted Acid Extraction of Manganese from Slag.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 15 (4):339–43. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.07.010.
  • Luo, X., J. Cao, H. Gong, H. Yan, and L. He. 2018. “Phase Separation Technology Based on Ultrasonic Standing Waves: A Review.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 48:287–98. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.06.006.
  • Luque-Garcı́a, J. L., and M. D. Luque de Castro. 2003. “Ultrasound: A Powerful Tool for Leaching.” TrAc Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22 (1):41–47. doi:10.1016/S0165-9936(03)00102-X.
  • Mansur, M. B., A. S. Guimarães, and M. Petraniková. 2022. “An Overview on the Recovery of Cobalt from End-of-Life Lithium Ion Batteries.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 43 (4):489–509. doi:10.1080/08827508.2021.1883014.
  • Mao, Y., Y. Chen, X. Bu, and G. Xie. 2019. “Effects of 20 kHz Ultrasound on Coal Flotation: The Roles of Cavitation and Acoustic Radiation Force.” Fuel 256:115938. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115938.
  • Mao, Y., Y. Peng, X. Bu, G. Xie, E. Wu, and W. Xia. 2018. “Effect of Ultrasound on the True Flotation of Lignite and its Entrainment Behavior.” Energy Sources Part A-Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40 (8):940–50. doi:10.1080/15567036.2018.1466009.
  • Marafi, M., and A. Stanislaus. 2011. “Waste Catalyst Utilization: Extraction of Valuable Metals from Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts by Ultrasonic-assisted Leaching with Acids.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50 (16):9495–501. doi:10.1021/ie200789u.
  • Margulis, M. A. 1994. “Fundamental Problems of Sonochemistry and Cavitation.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 1 (2):S87–S90. doi:10.1016/1350-4177(94)90003-5.
  • Margulis, M. A., and I. M. Margulis. 2002. “Contemporary Review on Nature of Sonoluminescence and Sonochemical Reactions.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 9 (1):1–10. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00096-7.
  • Mason, T. J. 1990. Chemistry with Ultrasound. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
  • Mason, T. J. 2016. “Ultrasonic Ceaning: An Historical Perspective.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 29 (29):519–23. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.004.
  • Matafonova, G., and V. Batoev. 2020. “Dual-Frequency Ultrasound: Strengths and Shortcomings to Water Treatment and Disinfection.” Water Research 182:116016. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116016.
  • Ma, J., Y. Zhang, Y. Qin, Z. Wu, T. Wang, and C. Wang. 2017. “The Leaching Kinetics of K-Feldspar in Sulfuric Acid with the Aid of Ultrasound.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 35:304–12. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.006.
  • Mesci, A. K., and F. Sevim. 2006. “Dissolution of Magnesia in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide by Ultrasound.” International Journal of Mineral Processing 79 (2):83–88. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2005.06.002.
  • Meshram, P., and Abhilash. 2020. “Recovery and Recycling of Cerium from Primary and Secondary Resources- A Critical Review.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 41 (4):279–310. doi:10.1080/08827508.2019.1677647.
  • Meshram, P., Abhilash, and B. D. Pandey. 2019. “Advanced Review on Extraction of Nickel from Primary and Secondary Sources.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 40 (3):157–93. doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1514300.
  • Mohanty, A., and N. Devi. 2021. “A Review on Green Method of Extraction and Recovery of Energy Critical Element Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs).” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 1–12. doi:10.1080/08827508.2021.2017925.
  • Moravvej, Z., A. Mohebbi, and S. Daneshpajouh. 2018. “The Microwave Irradiation Effect on Copper Leaching from Sulfide/oxide Ores.” Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33 (1):1–6. doi:10.1080/10426914.2016.1244850.
  • Moravvej, Z., A. Mohebbi, A. B. Vakylabad, and S. Raeissi. 2021. “The Effect of Radio-Waves Irradiation on Copper-Ore Leaching.” Hydrometallurgy 201:105584. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105584.
  • Nagarajan, R., N. P. Dhanalakshmi, A. Krishnan, V. Sivakumar, G. Swaminathan, and M. Goodson. 2006. “Cavitation and Acoustic Streaming in Ultrasonic Fields: Applications in Bio‐, Leather‐, and Chemical Processing.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119 (5):3321. doi:10.1121/1.4786352.
  • Nakamura, T., H. Okawa, Y. Kawamura, and K. Sugawara. 2011. “Sonication Enables Effective Iron Leaching from Green Tuff at Low Temperature.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50 (7S):07HE16. doi:10.1143/jjap.50.07he16.
  • Narayana, K. L., K. M. Swamy, K. Sarveswara Rao, and J. S. Murty. 1997. “Leaching of Metals from Ores with Ultrasound.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 16 (4):239–59. doi:10.1080/08827509708914137.
  • Nguyen, T. H., and M. S. Lee. 2021. A Review on Germanium Resources and Its Extraction by Hydrometallurgical Method. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 42 (6):406–26. doi:10.1080/08827508.2020.1756795.
  • Noltingk, B. E., and E. A. Neppiras. 1950. “Cavitation Produced by Ultrasonics.” Proceedings of the Physical Society: Section B 63 (9):674–85. doi:10.1088/0370-1301/63/9/305.
  • Öncel, M. S., M. İ̇nce, and M. Bayramoǧlu. 2005. “Leaching of Silver from Solid Waste Using Ultrasound Assisted Thiourea Method. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 12 (3):237–42. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2003.10.007.
  • Paunovic, P., G. Nacevski, A. Petrovski, A. Tomova, A. Grozdanov, and A. Dimitrov. 2019. “Kinetic Analysis of Ultrasound Leaching of Nickel Laterite Ore. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 51 : 12–18.
  • Pinto, I. S. S., and H. M. V. M. Soares. 2012. “Selective Leaching of Molybdenum from Spent Hydrodesulphurisation Catalysts Using Ultrasound and Microwave Methods.” Hydrometallurgy 129-130:19–25. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.08.008.
  • Price, G. J., N. K. Harris, and A. J. Stewart. 2010. “Direct Observation of Cavitation Fields at 23 and 515 khz.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 17 (1):30–33. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.04.009.
  • Qiang, M., H. Xiaomin, L. Ke, D. Rui, H. Zhang, X. Bo, and Z. Kewen. 2021. “Ultrasound-Enhanced Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Graphene-ZnO Nanorod Composite.” Separation and Purification Technology 259:118131. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118131.
  • Rahimi, G., S. O. Rastegar, F. Rahmani Chianeh, and T. Gu. 2020. “Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching of Vanadium from Fly Ash using Lemon Juice Organic Acids.” RSC Advances 10 (3):1685–96. doi:10.1039/C9RA09325G.
  • Raman, V., and A. Abbas. 2008. “Experimental Investigations on Ultrasound Mediated Particle Breakage.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 15 (1):55–64. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.11.009.
  • Romdhane, M., and C. Gourdon. 2002. “Investigation in Solid–Liquid Extraction: Influence of Ultrasound.” Chemical Engineering Journal 87 (1):11–19. doi:10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00206-6.
  • Safarzadeh, M. S., M. S. Moats, and J. D. Miller. 2014. “An Update to “Recent Trends in the Processing of Enargite Concentrates”.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 35 (6):390–422. doi:10.1080/08827508.2012.725683.
  • Saksena, T. K., and W. L. Nyborg. 1970. “Sonoluminescence from Stable Cavitation.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 53 (5):1722–34. doi:10.1063/1.1674249.
  • Saterlay, A. J., Q. Hong, R. G. Compton, and J. Clarkson. 2000. “Ultrasonically Enhanced Leaching: Removal and Destruction of Cyanide and Other Ions from Used Carbon Cathodes.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 7 (1):1–6. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(99)00025-5.
  • Savic-Bisercic, M., L. Pezo, I. Sredovic-Ignjatovic, L. Ignjatović, A. Savic, U. Jovanović, and V. Andrić. 2016. “Ultrasound and Shacking-assisted Water-leaching of Anions and Cations from Fly Ash.” Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81 (7):813–27. doi:10.2298/JSC151222027B.
  • Şayan, E., and M. Bayramoğlu. 2004. “Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Sulfuric Acid Leaching of TiO2 from Red Mud.” Hydrometallurgy 71 (3–4):397–401. doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00113-0.
  • Shankar, H., P. Pagel, S. Warner, and S. David. 2011. “Potential Adverse Ultrasound-related Biological Effects: A Critical Review.” Anesthesiology 115 (5):1109–24. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31822fd1f1.
  • Sharif, K. M., M. M. Rahman, J. Azmir, A. Mohamed, M. H. A. Jahurul, F. Sahena, and I. S. M. Zaidul. 2014. “Experimental Design of Supercritical Fluid Extraction – A Review.” Journal of Food Engineering 124:105–16. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.003.
  • Shi, Z., J. He, and W. Chang. 2004. “Micelle-Mediated Extraction of Tanshinones from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge with Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.” Talanta 64 (2):401–07. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.001.
  • Shutilov, V. A. C. P. 1988. Fundamental Physics of Ultrasound. 1st ed. doi:10.1201/9780429332227.
  • Shut, V. N., and S. E. Mozzharov. 2017. “Properties of Ultrafine Copper-containing Powders Prepared by a Sonoelectrochemical Method.” Inorganic Materials 53 (8):883–89. doi:10.1134/S0020168517080155.
  • Simal, S., J. Benedito, E. S. Sánchez, and C. Rosselló. 1998. “Use of Ultrasound to Increase Mass Transport Rates During Osmotic Dehydration.” Journal of Food Engineering 36 (3):323–36. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(98)00053-3.
  • Singh, V., P. Dixit, R. Venugopal, and K. B. Venkatesh. 2019. “Ore Pretreatment Methods for Grinding: Journey and Prospects.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 40 (1):1–15. doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1479697.
  • Souada, M., C. Louage, J.-Y. Doisy, L. Meunier, A. Benderrag, B. Ouddane, S. Bellayer, N. Nuns, M. Traisnel, and U. Maschke. 2018. “Extraction of Indium-tin Oxide from End-of-Life LCD Panels using Ultrasound Assisted Acid Leaching.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 40:929–36. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.043.
  • Suslick, K. S. 1990. “Sonochemistry.” Science 247 (4949):1439. doi:10.1126/science.247.4949.1439.
  • Swamy, K. M., and K. L. Narayana. 2001. “Intensification of Leaching Process by Dual-frequency Ultrasound.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 8 (4):341–46. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00067-0.
  • Swamy, K. M., and K. L. Narayana. 2007. “Ultrasound-assisted leaching.” Chap. 4 in Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, ed. L. de Castro and F. P. Capote, 99–142. Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/S0167-9244(07)80020-5.
  • Swamy, K. M., K. Sarveswara Rao, K. L. Narayana, J. S. Murty, and H. S. Ray. 1995. “Application of Ultrasound in Leaching.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 14 (3–4):179–92. doi:10.1080/08827509508914124.
  • Tatake, P., and A. Pandit. 2002. “Modelling and Experimental Investigation Into Cavity Dynamics and Cavitational Yield: Influence of Dual Frequency Ultrasound Sources.” Chemical Engineering Science 57 (22–23):4987–95. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00271-3.
  • Tekin, T., D. Tekin, and M. Bayramoğlu. 2001. “Effect of Ultrasound on the Dissolution Kinetics of Phosphate Rock in HNO3.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 8 (4):373–77. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(00)00078-X.
  • Tho, P., R. Manasseh, and A. Ooi. 2007. “Cavitation Microstreaming Patterns in Single and Multiple Bubble Systems.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 576:191–233. doi:10.1017/S0022112006004393.
  • Thompson, L. H., and L. K. Doraiswamy. 1999. “Sonochemistry: Science and Engineering.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38 (4):1215–49. doi:10.1021/ie9804172.
  • Turan, M. D., Z. A. Sari, and A. Demiraslan. 2019. “ Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching and Kinetic Study of Blended Copper Slag.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 50 (4):1949–56. doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01597-x.
  • Tyagi, V. K., S.-L. Lo, L. Appels, and R. Dewil. 2014. “Ultrasonic Treatment of Waste Sludge: A Review on Mechanisms and Applications.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 44 (11):1220–88. doi:10.1080/10643389.2013.763587.
  • Urbańska, W. 2020. Recovery of Co, Li, and Ni from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by the Inorganic and/or Organic Reducer Assisted Leaching Method. Minerals. 10 (6):555. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10060555.
  • Vakylabad, A. B. 2021. “Treatment of Highly Concentrated Formaldehyde Effluent using Adsorption and Ultrasonic Dissociation on Mesoporous Copper Iodide (CuI) Nano-powder.” Journal of Environmental Management 285:112085. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112085.
  • Vyas, S., and Y.-P. Ting. 2018. “A Review of the Application of Ultrasound in Bioleaching and Insights from Sonication in (Bio)Chemical Processes.” Resources 7 (1):3. doi:10.3390/resources7010003.
  • Wang, S., W. Cui, G. Zhang, L. Zhang, and J. Peng. 2017. “Ultra Fast Ultrasound-Assisted Decopperization from Copper Anode Slime.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 36:20–26. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.013.
  • Wang, J., F. Faraji, and A. Ghahreman. 2020. “Effect of Ultrasound on the Oxidative Copper Leaching from Chalcopyrite in Acidic Ferric Sulfate Media.” Minerals 10 (7):633. doi:10.3390/min10070633.
  • Wang, X., C. Srinivasakannan, X.-H. Duan, J.-H. Peng, D.-J. Yang, and S.-H. Ju. 2013. “Leaching Kinetics of Zinc Residues Augmented with Ultrasound.” Separation and Purification Technology 115:66–72. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.043.
  • Wang, X., D.-J. Yang, C. Srinivasakannan, J.-H. Peng, X.-H. Duan, and S.-H. Ju. 2014. “A Comparison of the Conventional and Ultrasound-Augmented Leaching of Zinc Residue using Sulphuric Acid.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 39 (1):163–73. doi:10.1007/s13369-013-0835-3.
  • Wei, C., W. Shixing, Z. Libo, P. Jinhui, and Z. Gengwei. 2015. “The Application of Ultrasound Technology in the Field of the Precious Metal.” Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 56 (4):417–27. doi:10.3103/S1067821215040215.
  • Wen, J., T. Jiang, H. Gao, Y. Liu, X. Zheng, and X. Xue. 2018. “Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted and Regular Leaching of Vanadium and Chromium from Roasted High Chromium Vanadium Slag.” JOM - Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 70 (2):155. doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2662-6.
  • Wu, P., L. Bai, W. Lin, and X. Wang. 2018. “ Mechanism and Dynamics of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic Cavitation (HAC)”.Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 49:89–96. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.021.
  • Wu, J., F. Cubberley, G. Gormley, and T. L. Szabo. 1995. “Temperature Rise Generated by Diagnostic Ultrasound in a Transcranial Phantom.” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 21 (4):561–68. doi:10.1016/0301-5629(94)00151-3.
  • Xiao, J., J. Yuan, Z. Tian, K. Yang, Z. Yao, B. Yu, and L. Zhang. 2018. “Comparison of Ultrasound-assisted and Traditional Caustic Leaching of Spent Cathode Carbon (SCC) from Aluminum Electrolysis.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 40:21–29. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.024.
  • Xie, F., H. Li, Y. Ma, C. Li, T. Cai, Z. Huang, and G. Yuan. 2009. “The Ultrasonically Assisted Metals Recovery Treatment of Printed Circuit Board Waste Sludge by Leaching Separation.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 170 (1):430–35. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.077.
  • Xing, W. D., S. H. Sohn, and M. S. Lee. 2020. “A Review on the Recovery of Noble Metals From Anode Slimes.” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 41 (2):130–43. doi:10.1080/08827508.2019.1575211.
  • Xing, P., J. Wang, T. Lyu, Y. Zhuang, X. Du, and X. Luo. 2015. “Ultrasound-Assisted Impurity Removal from Petroleum Coke.” Separation and Purification Technology 151:251–55. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.036.
  • Xu, L. J., W. Chu, and N. Graham. 2013a. “A Systematic Study of the Degradation of Dimethyl Phthalate Using A High-frequency Ultrasonic Process.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20 (3):892–99. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.11.005.
  • Xu, Z., K. Yasuda, and S. Koda. 2013b. “Numerical Simulation of Liquid Velocity Distribution in a Sonochemical Reactor.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20 (1):452–59. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.04.011.
  • Yang, X. G., H. X. Dong, G. J. Yue, Y. Lv, J. Y. Tang, and W. X. Liu. 2012. “Ultrasound Changes Solid-liquid Leaching Equilibrium of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Glycyrrhiza Uralensis in Water.” Advanced Materials Research 455-456:721–25. doi:10.4028/https://www.scientific.net/AMR.455-456.721.
  • Yasui, K. 2002. “Influence of Ultrasonic Frequency on Multibubble Sonoluminescence.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112 (4):1405–13. doi:10.1121/1.1502898.
  • Yasui, K. 2018. Acoustic Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Yazıcı, E. Y., H. Deveci, I. Alp, and T. Uslu. 2007. “Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Removal of Cyanide from Solutions Using Ultrasonic Waves.” Desalination 216 (1–3):209–21. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.018.
  • Ye, L., X. Zhu, and Y. Liu. 2019. Numerical Study on Dual-Frequency Ultrasonic Enhancing Cavitation Effect Based on Bubble Dynamic Evolution.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 59:104744. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104744.
  • Yin, S., J. Pei, F. Jiang, S. Li, J. Peng, L. Zhang, S. Ju, and C. Srinivasakannan. 2018. “Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching of Rare Earths from the Weathered Crust Elution-deposited Ore Using Magnesium Sulfate Without Ammonia-nitrogen Pollution.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 41:156–62. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.028.
  • Yuan, J., J. Xiao, F. Li, B. Wang, Z. Yao, B. Yu, and L. Zhang. 2018. “Co-Treatment of Spent Cathode Carbon in Caustic and Acid Leaching Process Under Ultrasonic Assisted for Preparation of SiC.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 41:608–18. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.027.
  • Yu, S., T. Yu, W. Song, X. Yu, J. Qiao, W. Wang, H. Dong, Z. Wu, L. Dai, and T. Li. 2020. “Ultrasound-Assisted Cyanide Extraction of Gold from Gold Concentrate at Low Temperature.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 64:105039. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105039.
  • Zhang, L., W. Guo, J. Peng, J. Li, G. Lin, and X. Yu. 2016b. “Comparison of Ultrasonic-Assisted and Regular Leaching of Germanium From By-Product of Zinc Metallurgy.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 31:143–49. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.12.006.
  • Zhang, D., M. Li, K. Gao, J. Li, Y. Yan, and X. Liu. 2017a. “Physical and Chemical Mechanism Underlying Ultrasonically Enhanced Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Non-Oxidative Roasting of Bastnaesite.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 39:774–81. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.020.
  • Zhang, K., B. Li, Y. Wu, W. Wang, R. Li, Y.-N. Zhang, and T. Zuo. 2017b. “Recycling of Indium from Waste LCD: A Promising Non-Crushing Leaching with the Aid of Ultrasonic Wave.” Waste Management 64:236–43. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.031.
  • Zhang, Y.-F., J. Ma, Y.-H. Qin, J.-F. Zhou, L. Yang, Z.-K. Wu, T.-L. Wang, W.-G. Wang, and C.-W. Wang. 2016c. “Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching of Potassium from Phosphorus-Potassium Associated Ore.” Hydrometallurgy 166:237–42. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.07.009.
  • Zhang, Q.-A., H. Shen, X.-H. Fan, Y. Shen, X. Wang, and Y. Song. 2015a. Changes of Gallic Acid Mediated by Ultrasound in a Model Extraction Solution.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 22:149–54. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.06.010.
  • Zhang, G., S. Wang, L. Zhang, and J. Peng. 2016a. “Ultrasound-Intensified Leaching of Gold from a Refractory Ore.” ISIJ International 56 (4):714–18. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-476.
  • Zhang, R. L., X. F. Zhang, S. Z. Tang, and A. D. Huang. 2015b. “Ultrasound-Assisted HCl–NaCl Leaching of Lead-Rich And Antimony-Rich Oxidizing Slag.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 27:187–91. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.020.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.