References
- Aloia, L., & McTigue, M. (2019). Buffering against sources of academic stress: The influence of supportive informational and emotional communication on psychological well-being. Communication Research Reports, 36(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2019.1590191
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–5). Retrieved February 8, 2021, from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
- Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
- Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
- Bai, C., Chen, X., & Han, K. (2020). Mobile phone addiction and school performance among Chinese adolescents from low-income families: A moderated mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 118(11), 105406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105406
- Bedewy, D., & Gabriel, A. (2015). Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students: The perception of academic stress scale. Health Psychology Open, 2(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915596714
- Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
- Billieux, J. (2012). Problematic use of the mobile phone: A literature review and a pathways model. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8(4), 299–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2174/157340012803520522
- Blumler, J. G., & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research. Sage.
- Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 71(12), 252–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033
- Cheung, T., Lee, R., Tse, A., Do, C. W., So, B., Szeto, G., & Lee, P. H. (2019). Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the smartphone addiction scale-short version among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 22(11), 714–723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0325
- China Internet Network Information Center. (2020). 2019 annual report on the internet use of Chinese minors. Retrieved July 5, 2020, from http://www.cac.gov.cn/2020-05/13/c_1590919071365700.htm
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. (2018). Annual report on the internet use and reading practice of Chinese minors (2017–2018). Social Sciences Academic Press (China).
- Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 69(4), 75–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.023
- Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., O’Brien, K. D., & Armour, C. (2018). Distress tolerance and mindfulness mediate relations between depression and anxiety sensitivity with problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 84(7), 477–484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.026
- Extremera, N., Quintana-Orts, C., Sánchez-álvarez, N., & Rey, L. (2019). The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on problematic smartphone use: Comparison between problematic and non-problematic adolescent users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3142. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173142
- Fischer-Grote, L., Kothgassner, O. D., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: A review of existing literature. Neuropsychiatr, 33(4), 179–190. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-019-00319-8
- Fu, L., Wang, P., Zhao, M., Xie, X., Ye, C., Nie, J., & Lei, L. (2019). Can emotion regulation difficulty lead to adolescent problematic smartphone use? A moderated mediation model of depression and perceived social support. Children and Youth Services Review, 108(1), 104660. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104660
- Gerosa, T., Gui, M., & Büchi, M. (2021, June). Smartphone use and academic performance: A pervasiveness approach beyond addiction. Social Science Computer Review, 1–20. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211018969
- Hall, J. (2017). The experience of mobile entrapment in daily life. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 29(3), 148–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000228
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12050
- Hernández, J. C. (2016). Study finds Chinese students excel in critical thinking. Until college. The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/world/asia/China-college-education-quality.html
- Jacobsen, W. C., & Forste, R. (2011). The wired generation: Academic and social outcomes of electronic media use among university students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(5), 275–280. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0135
- Jeong, S. H., Kim, H., Yum, J. Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016). What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Computers in Human Behavior, 54(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnb.2015.07.035
- Jun, S., & Choi, E. (2015). Academic stress and Internet addiction from general strain theory framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 49(8), 282–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.001
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The phq-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
- Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS One, 8(12), e83558. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
- Lee, Y. K., Chang, C. T., Lin, Y., & Cheng, Z. H. (2014). The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Computers in Human Behavior, 31(2), 373–383. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.047
- Malinauskas, R., & Malinauskiene, V. (2019). A meta-analysis of psychological interventions for Internet/smartphone addiction among adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(4), 613–624. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.72
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (2021, January). China’s mobile phone users reached 1.594 billion in 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2021, from https://www.sohu.com/a/446468608_120877592
- Orben, A. (2020). Teenagers, screens and social media: A narrative review of reviews and key studies. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4
- Sun, J., Liu, Q., & Yu, S. (2019). Child neglect, psychological abuse and smartphone addiction among Chinese adolescents: The roles of emotional intelligence and coping style. Computers in Human Behavior, 90(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.032
- van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., Hegner, S., & Kommers, P. A. M. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45(4), 411–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.039
- van Endert, T. S. (2021). Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance. PLoS ONE, 16(6), e0253058. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253058
- Wacks, Y., & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive smartphone use is associated with health problems in adolescents and young adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 762–768. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042
- Wang, F., Lan, Y., Li, J., Dai, J., Zheng, P., & Fu, H. (2019). Patterns, influencing factors and mediating effects of smartphone use and problematic smartphone use among migrant workers in Shanghai, China. International Health, 11(S1), S33–S44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz086
- Wang, J., Rost, D. H., Qiao, R., & Monk, R. (2020). Academic stress and smartphone dependence among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 118(11), 105029. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105029
- Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2019). How does problematic smartphone use impair adolescent self-esteem? A moderated mediation analysis. Current Psychology, 40(6),1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00232-x
- Wang, P., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2017). Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 708–717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.079
- Xie, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Rost, D. H., Yin, X., & Wang, J. (2020). Stressful life events and problematic smartphone usage among Chinese boarding-school adolescents: A moderated mediation model of peer support and depressive symptoms. Addiction Research & Theory, 28(6), 493–500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2019.1692824
- Xu, T., Wang, H., Fonseca, W., Zimmerman, M. A., Rost, D. H., Gaskin, J., & Wang, J. (2019). The relationship between academic stress and adolescents’ problematic smartphone usage. Addiction Research & Theory, 27(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2018.1488967
- Yu, S., & Sussman, S. (2020). Does smartphone addiction fall on a continuum of addictive behaviors? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020422
- Zhen, R., Li, L., Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Liu, R. (2020). How does mobile phone dependency impair academic engagement among Chinese left-behind children? Children and Youth Services Review, 116(9), 105169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105169
- Zou, Y., Xia, N., Zou, Y., Chen, Z., & Wen, Y. (2019). Smartphone addiction may be associated with adolescent hypertension: A cross-sectional study among junior school students in China. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1699-9