27
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Effect of Institutional Voids, Informal Institutions, and Institutional Tension on Escaped-Based Internationalization from Developed Countries

, &

References

  • AFL-CIO. 2023. Right to Work. Washington. D.C: American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. Accessed January 15, 2024. https://aflcio.org/issues/right-work.
  • Barnard, H., and J. M. Luiz. 2018. “Escape FDI and the Dynamics of a Cumulative Process of Institutional Misalignment and Contestation: Stress, Strain and Failure.” Journal of World Business 53 (5): 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.03.010.
  • Barth, E., A. Bryson, and H. Dale-Olsen. 2020. “Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages.” The Economic Journal 130 (631): 1898–1936. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa048.
  • Ben-Nasr, H., A. Al-Dahmash, and H. Ghouma. 2015. “Do Labor Unions Affect Stock Price Crash Risk?” International Journal of Financial Research 6 (2): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n2p11.
  • Bradley, D., I. Kim, and X. Tian. 2013. “The Causal Effect of Labor Unions on Innovation.” SSRN Paper 2232351.
  • Brailsford, T. J., and D. Yeoh. 2004. “Agency Problems and Capital Expenditure Announcements.” The Journal of Business 77 (2): 223–256. https://doi.org/10.1086/381274.
  • Bronars, S. G., D. R. Deere, and J. S. Tracy. 1994. “The Effects of Unions on Firm Behavior: An Empirical Analysis Using Firm-Level Data.” Industrial Relations 33 (4): 426–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00350.x.
  • Cardullo, G., M. Conti, and G. Sulis. 2015. “Sunk Capital, Unions and the Hold-Up Problem: Theory and Evidence from Cross-Country Sectoral Data.” European Economic Review 76:253–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.03.005.
  • Chiao, Y., C. J. Yu, P. Li, and Y. Chen. 2008. “Subsidiary Size, Internationalization, Product Diversification, and Performance in an Emerging Market.” International Marketing Review 25 (6): 612–633. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330810915556.
  • Chung, R., B. B.-H. Lee, W.-J. Lee, and B. C. Sohn. 2016. “Do Managers Withhold Good News from Labor Unions?” Management Science 62 (1): 46–68. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2075.
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., A. Inkpen, A. Musacchio, and K. Ramaswamy. 2014. “Governments As Owners: State-Owned Multinational Companies.” Journal of International Business Studies 45 (8): 919–942. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.43.
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., R. Narula, C. A. Un, and P. Alvaro Cuervo-Cazzura. 2015. “Internationalization Motives: Sell More, Buy Better, Upgrade and Escape.” Multinational Business Review 23 (1): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-02-2015-0009.
  • Devine, J. G. 2013. Institutional Equilibrium and SSA Analysis. Loyola Marymount University. Los Angeles.
  • Enderwick, P. 2017. “Viewpoint Escape FDI from Emerging Markets: Clarifying and Extending the Concept.” International Journal of Emerging Markets 12 (3): 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-11-2016-0325.
  • Filatotchev, I., and J. Piesse. 2009. “R&D, Internationalization and Growth of Newly Listed Firms: European Evidence.” Journal of International Business Studies 40 (8): 1260–1276. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.18.
  • Foner, P. S. 1955. History of the Labor Movement in the United States Vol. 2: From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism. New York: International Publishers.
  • Fuchs, V. R., A. B. Krueger, and J. M. Poterba. 1998. “Economists’ Views About Parameters, Values, and Policies: Survey Results in Labor and Public Economics.” Journal of Economic Literature 36 (3): 1387–1425. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564804.
  • Glaum, M., and M.-J. Oesterle. 2007. “40 Years of Research on Internationalization and Firm Performance: More Questions Than Answers?” Management International Review 47 (3): 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0018-0.
  • Gould, E., and W. Kimball. 2015. “‘Right-To-Work’ States Still Have Lower Wages.” EPI Briefing Paper No. 395. Washington, D.C, Economic Policy Institute. https://files.epi.org/pdf/82934.pdf.
  • Gunn, D. 2018. “What Caused the Decline of Unions in America?” Pacific Standard Magazine, April 24. https://psmag.com/economics/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america.
  • Hassel, A., M. Höpner, A. Kurdelbusch, B. Rehder, and R. Zugehör. 2003. “Two Dimensions of the Internationalization of Firms.” Journal of Management Studies 40 (3): 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00357.
  • Helmke, G., and S. Levitsky. 2004. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda.” Perspectives on Politics 2 (4): 725–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592704040472.
  • Hirsch, B. T. 1991. “Union Coverage and Profitability Among U.S. Firms.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 73 (1): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109688.
  • Hirsch, B. T., and D. A. MacPherson. 2003. “Union Membership and Coverage Database from the Current Population Survey: Note.” ILR Review 56 (2): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600208.
  • Hsiao, C. 2007. “Panel Data Analysis—Advantages and Challenges.” Test 16 (1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11749-007-0046-x.
  • Hsu, K.-C., S.-J. Lin, and Y. Weng. 2015. “Do Labor Unions Hinder or Boost International Outsourcing? Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing.” The International Trade Journal 29 (2): 142–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2014.1001537.
  • Hughes, G. 2006. An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
  • Isidore, C. 2023. “UAW President on Ford’s Bankruptcy Threat: ‘It’s a joke’.” CNN. September 15. https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/strike-uaw-stellantis-ford-09-15-23/h_5dc9ecae0b429897b6f9e0ec4bb97e11.
  • Jarrell, S. B., and T. D. Stanley. 1990. “A Meta-Analysis of the Union-Nonunion Wage Gap.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44 (1): 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399004400104.
  • Karst, R. V., and N. Gaffney. 2020. “Region-Based Institutions and Internationalization Decisions: Evidence from Latin America.” The International Trade Journal 34 (1): 94–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2019.1662858.
  • Khanna, T., and K. G. Palepu. 1997. “Why Focused Strategies May Be Wrong for Emerging Markets.” Harvard Business Review 75 (4): 41–51.
  • Kotabe, M., S. S. Srinivasan, and P. S. Aulakh. 2002. “Multinationality and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of R&D and Marketing Capabilities.” Journal of International Business Studies 33 (1): 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491006.
  • Kottaridi, C., D. Giakoulas, and D. Manolopoulos. 2019. “Escapism FDI from Developed Economies: The Role of Regulatory Context and Corporate Taxation.” International Business Review 28 (1): 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.06.004.
  • Kouznetsov, A., S. Kim, and J. Pierce. 2018. “A Longitudinal Meta-Analysis of Corruption in International Business and Trade: Bridging the Isolated Themes.” The International Trade Journal 32 (5): 414–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2017.1376724.
  • Krusell, P., and L. Rudanko. 2016. “Unions in a Frictional Labor Market.” Journal of Monetary Economics 80:35–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2016.04.006.
  • Leung, W. S., J. Li, and J. Sun. 2020. “Labor Unionization and Supply‐Chain Partners’ Performance.” Production and Operations Management 29 (5): 1325–1353. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13164.
  • Lewis, H. G. 1986. “Chapter 20 Union Relative Wage Effects.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by O. C. Ashenfelter and R. Layard, 1139–1181. Vol. 2. Amsterdam: North Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4463(86)02010-2.
  • Lu, J. W., and P. W. Beamish. 2001. “The Internationalization and Performance of SMEs.” Strategic Management Journal 22 (6/7): 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.184.
  • Luo, Y., and S. L. Wang. 2012. “Foreign Direct Investment Strategies by Developing Country Multinationals: A Diagnostic Model for Home Country Effects.” Global Strategy Journal 2 (3): 244–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-5805.2012.01036.x.
  • Marshall, V. B., L. E. Brouthers, and D. L. Keig. 2020. “RIMS: A New Approach to Measuring Firm Internationalization.” Journal of International Business Studies 51 (7): 1133–1141. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00320-2.
  • Micozzi, J. P. 2018. “Division or Union of Labor? Analyzing Workers’ Representation in the Argentine Congress.” Latin American Politics and Society 60 (4): 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2018.54.
  • Naylor, R., and M. Santoni. 2003. “Foreign Direct Investment and Wage Bargaining.” The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 12 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963819032000049178.
  • Newman, A., B. Cooper, P. Holland, Q. Miao, and J. Teicher. 2019. “How Do Industrial Relations Climate and Union Instrumentality Enhance Employee Performance? The Mediating Effects of Perceived Job Security and Trust in Management.” Human Resource Management 58 (1): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21921.
  • North, D. C. 1991. “Institutions.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 5 (1): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97.
  • NRTW. 2022. “Right to Work States”. National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, Springfield, VA. https://www.nrtw.org/right-to-work-states/.
  • Peng, M. W. 2012. “The Global Strategy of Emerging Multinationals from China.” Global Strategy Journal 2 (2): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1030.
  • Peng, M. W., S. L. Sun, B. Pinkham, and H. Chen. 2009. “The Institution-Based View as a Third Leg for a Strategy Tripod.” Academy of Management Perspectives 23 (3): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2009.43479264.
  • Pohler, D., and A. Luchak. 2015. “Are Unions Good or Bad for Organizations? The Moderating Role of Management’s Response.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 53 (3): 423–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12042.
  • Radulescu, R., and M. Robson. 2008. “Trade Unions, Wage Bargaining Coordination, and Foreign Direct Investment.” Labour 22 (4): 661–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2008.00430.x.
  • Renaud, S. 1998. “Unions, Wages and Total Compensation in Canada: An Empirical Study.” Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations 53 (4): 710–729. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23077343.
  • Rios-Avila, F., and B. T. Hirsch. 2014. “Unions, Wage Gaps, and Wage Dispersion: New Evidence from the Americas.” Industrial Relations 53 (1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12044.
  • Seidman, J., J. London, and B. Karsh. 1951. “Why Workers Join Unions.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 274 (1): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271625127400111.
  • Shen, Z., F. Puig, and J. Paul. 2017. “Foreign Market Entry Mode Research: A Review and Research Agenda.” The International Trade Journal 31 (5): 429–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2017.1361368.
  • Slaughter, M. J. 2007. “Globalization and Declining Unionization in the United States.” Industrial Relations 46 (2): 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2007.00470.x.
  • Smelser, N. J., and R. Swedberg. 2005. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835584.
  • Song, S., and S. Lee. 2021. “The Effect of Internationalization on Firm Performance: A Moderating Role of Heterogeneity in TMTs’ Nationality.” Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 62 (4): 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965520958703.
  • Sullivan, D. 1994. “Measuring the Degree of Internationalization of a Firm.” Journal of International Business Studies 25 (2): 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490203.
  • Tang, R. W. 2021. “Pro-Market Institutions and Outward FDI of Emerging Market Firms: An Institutional Arbitrage Logic.” International Business Review 30 (3): 101814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101814.
  • Torres Oliveira, R., J. Menzies, D. Borgia, and S. Figueira. 2017. “Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Emerging Countries: Theoretical Extension and Evidence from China.” The International Trade Journal 31 (5): 402–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2017.1358679.
  • Toubøl, J., and C. S. Jensen. 2014. “Why Do People Join Trade Unions? The Impact of Workplace Union Density on Union Recruitment.” Transfer: European Review of Labour & Research 20 (1): 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258913516902.
  • Tsao, S.-M., and W.-H. Lien. 2013. “Family Management and Internationalization: The Impact on Firm Performance and Innovation.” Management International Review 53 (2): 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0125-9.
  • Vaatanen, J., D. Podmetina, and R. K. Pillania. 2009. “Internationalization and Company Performance: A Study of Emerging Russian Multinationals.” Multinational Business Review 17 (2): 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200900014.
  • Van de Vall, M. 1970. Labor Organisations: A Macro- and Micro-Sociological Analysis on a Comparative Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vermeulen, F., and H. Barkema. 2002. “Pace, Rhythm, and Scope: Process Dependence in Building a Profitable Multinational Corporation.” Strategic Management Journal 23 (7): 637–653. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.243.
  • Visser, J. 2002. “Why Fewer Workers Join Unions in Europe: A Social Custom Explanation of Membership Trends.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 40 (3): 403–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8543.00241.
  • Weng, D. H., and M. W. Peng. 2018. “Home Bitter Home: How Labor Protection Influences Firm Offshoring.” Journal of World Business 53 (5): 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.03.007.
  • Wilmers, N. 2017. “Labor Unions as Activist Organizations: A Union Power Approach to Estimating Union Wage Effects.” Social Forces 95 (4): 1451–1478. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow108.
  • Witt, M. A., and A. Y. Lewin. 2007. “Outward Foreign Direct Investment as Escape Response to Home Country Institutional Constraints.” Journal of International Business Studies 38 (4): 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400285.
  • Xia, J., X. Ma, J. W. Lu, and D. W. Yiu. 2014. “Outward Foreign Direct Investment by Emerging Market Firms: A Resource Dependence Logic.” Strategic Management Journal 35 (9): 1343–1363. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2157.
  • Yamakawa, Y., M. W. Peng, and D. L. Deeds. 2008. “What Drives New Ventures to Internationalize from Emerging to Developed Economies?” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32 (1): 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00216.x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.