Experiences of children with learning disabilities living in low-income households during the Covid-19 pandemic

References

• Aguilar-Farias, N., M. Toledo-Vargas, S. Miranda-Marquez, A. Cortinez-O’Ryan, C. Cristi-Montero, F. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, P. Martino-Fuentealba, A. D. Okely, and B. Del Pozo Cruz. 2020. “Sociodemographic Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Among Toddlers and Preschoolers in Chile During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (1): 176. doi:10.3390/ijerph18010176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhuzimi, T. 2021. “Stress and Emotional Wellbeing of Parents Due to Change in Routine for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at Home During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.” Research in Developmental Disabilities 108 (103822): 103822. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103822.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 (R)). 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, S. P., R. Breaux, C. N. Cusick, M. R. Dvorsky, N. P. Marsh, E. Sciberras, and J. M. Langberg. 2020. “Remote Learning During COVID-19: Examining School Practices, Service Continuation, and Difficulties for Adolescents with and Without Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder.” The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 67 (6): 769–777. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann, C., N. Dimitrova, K. Alaslani, A. Almohammadi, H. Alroqi, S. Aussems, M. Barokova, et al. 2022. “Young Children’s Screen Time During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in 12 Countries.” Scientific reports 12 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05840-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binay Yaz, Ş., A. Kahraman, and M. Gümüş. 2022. “Anxiety and Related Factors in Parents About Coronavirus Disease-2019 for Children.” The Journal of Pediatric Research 9 (1): 5–13. doi:10.4274/jpr.galenos.2021.74317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Caputo, E. L., and F. F. Reichert. 2020. “Studies of Physical Activity and COVID-19 During the Pandemic: A Scoping Review.” Journal of Physical Activity & Health 17 (12): 1275–1284. doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassinat, J. R., S. D. Whiteman, S. Serang, A. M. Dotterer, S. A. Mustillo, J. L. Maggs, and B. C. Kelly. 2021. “Changes in Family Chaos and Family Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study.” Developmental Psychology 57 (10): 1597–1610. doi:10.1037/dev0001217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. 1998. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. London: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. 2014. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, C., S. Cao, and H. Li. 2020. “Young Children’s Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes.” Children and Youth Services Review 118 (105440): 105440. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elo, S., and H. Kyngäs. 2008. “The Qualitative Content Analysis Process.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 62 (1): 107–115. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engzell, P., A. Frey, and M. D. Verhagen. 2021. “Learning Loss Due to School Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 (17): e2022376118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2022376118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esentürk, O. K. 2020. “Parents’ Perceptions on Physical Activity for Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders During the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak.” International Journal of Developmental Disabilities 1–12. doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1769333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esentürk, O. K. 2021. “Parents’ Perceptions on Physical Activity for Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders During the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak.” International Journal of Developmental Disabilities 67 (6): 446–457. doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1769333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillberg, C., I. C. Gillberg, P. Rasmussen, B. Kadesj?, H. S?derstr?m, M. R?stam, M. Johnson, A. Rothenberger, and L. Niklasson. 2004. “Co?existing Disorders in ADHD ? Implications for Diagnosis and Intervention.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 13 (S1): I80–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-004-1008-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hendriksen, J. G. M., E. H. H. Keulers, F. J. M. Feron, R. Wassenberg, J. Jolles, and J. S. H. Vles. 2007. “Subtypes of Learning Disabilities: Neuropsychological and Behavioural Functioning of 495 Children Referred for Multidisciplinary Assessment: Neuropsychological and Behavioural Functioning of 495 Children Referred for Multidisciplinary Assessment.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 16 (8): 517–524. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-007-0630-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, S., L. Shuai, Z. Wang, M. Qiu, A. Wilson, W. Xia, X. Cao, L. Lu, and J. Zhang. 2021. “Online Learning Performances of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Inquiry: A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing 58: 469580211049065. doi:10.1177/00469580211049065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kkese, E. 2020. “McGurk Effect and Audiovisual Speech Perception in Students with Learning Disabilities Exposed to Online Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Medical Hypotheses 144: 110233. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreysa, H., D. Schneider, A. E. Kowallik, S. S. Dastgheib, C. Dogdu, G. Kühn, J. M. Ruttloff, and S. R. Schweinberger (2021). “Psychosocial and Behavioural Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children with Autism and Their Families: A Systematic Review and Initial Data from a Multinational Online Survey.” doi: 10.31234/osf.io/7dwce.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. 2020. “Mental Health Effects of School Closures During COVID-19.” The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 4 (6): 421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindner, K. -T., V. Letzel, G. Tarini, and S. Schwab. 2021. “When Home Turns into Quarantine School – New Demands on Students with Special Educational Needs, Their Parents and Teachers During COVID-19 Quarantine.” European Journal of Special Needs Education 36 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1080/08856257.2021.1874153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. J., Y. Bao, X. Huang, J. Shi, and L. Lu. 2020. “Mental Health Considerations for Children Quarantined Because of COVID-19.” The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 4 (5): 347–349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30096-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majoko, T., and A. Dudu. 2020. “Parents’ Strategies for Home Educating Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Period in Zimbabwe.” International Journal of Developmental Disabilities 1–5. doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1803025.
   Google Scholar
• Malterud, K., V. D. Siersma, and A. D. Guassora. 2016. “Sample Size in Qualitative Interview Studies: Guided by Information Power: Guided by Information Power.” Qualitative Health Research 26 (13): 1753–1760. doi:10.1177/1049732315617444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morelli, M., E. Cattelino, R. Baiocco, C. Trumello, A. Babore, C. Candelori, and A. Chirumbolo. 2020. “Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Influence of Parenting Distress and Parenting Self-Efficacy on Children’s Emotional Well-Being.” Frontiers in Psychology 11: 584645. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusser, L. 2021. “Learning at Home During COVID-19 School Closures – How Do German Students with and Without Special Educational Needs Manage?” European Journal of Special Needs Education 36 (1): 51–64. doi:10.1080/08856257.2021.1872845.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD (2021). The Territorial Impact of Covid-19: Managing the Crisis and Recovery Across Levels of Government. OECD. (, OECD. Retrieved October 22, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-territorial-impact-of-covid-19-managing-the-crisis-and-recovery-across-levels-of-government-a2c6abaf/
   Google Scholar
• Özyürek, A., and A. Çetinkaya 2021. “COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Aile ve Ebeveyn-Çocuk İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi [The Examination of Family and Parent-Child Relationships During COVID-19 Pandemic].” Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 18 (1): 96–106. Retrieved from.
   Google Scholar
• Parmigiani, D., V. Benigno, M. Giusto, C. Silvaggio, and S. Sperandio. 2020. “E-Inclusion: Online Special Education in Italy During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Technology, Pedagogy and Education 30 (1): 111–124. doi:10.1080/1475939x.2020.1856714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps, C., and L. L. Sperry. 2020. “Children and the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 12 (S1): S73–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poletti, M. 2020. “Hey Teachers! Do Not Leave Them Kids Alone! Envisioning Schools During and After the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.” Trends in Neuroscience and Education 20 (100140): 100140. doi:10.1016/j.tine.2020.100140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simpson, K., and D. Adams. 2022. “Brief Report: Covid Restrictions Had Positive and Negative Impacts on Schooling for Students on the Autism Spectrum.” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05451-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokatly Latzer, I., Y. Leitner, and O. Karnieli-Miller. 2021. “Core Experiences of Parents of Children with Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown.” Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice 25 (4): 1047–1059. doi:10.1177/1362361320984317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tso, W. W. Y., R. S. Wong, K. T. S. Tung, N. Rao, K. W. Fu, J. C. S. Yam, G. T. Chua, et al. 2022. “Vulnerability and Resilience in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31 (1): 161–176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01680-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tso, W. W. Y., R. S. Wong, K. T. S. Tung, N. Rao, K. W. Fu, J. C. S. Yam, G. T. Chua, et al. 2022. “Vulnerability and Resilience in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31 (1): 161–176. doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01680-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF (20016). Ending Extreme Poverty: A Focus on Children. Accessed on https://www.unicef.org/reports/ending-extreme-poverty-focus-children
   Google Scholar
• Valicenti-McDermott, M., M. O’neil, A. Morales-Lara, R. Seijo, T. Fried, and L. Shulman. 2022. “Remote Learning Experience for Children with Developmental Disabilities During COVID-19 Pandemic in an Ethnically Diverse Community.” Journal of Child Neurology 37 (1): 50–55. doi:10.1177/08830738211040296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lancker, W., and Z. Parolin. 2020. “COVID-19, School Closures, and Child Poverty: A Social Crisis in the Making.” The Lancet Public Health 5 (5): e243–244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazcayir, G., and H. Gurgur. 2021. “Students with Special Needs in Digital Classrooms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey.” Pedagogical Research 6 (1): em0088. doi:10.29333/pr/9356.
   Google Scholar
• Yildiz, S., G. N. Kilic, and I. H. Acar. 2022. “Early Childhood Education During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Perceived Changing Roles of Preschool Administrators, Teachers, and Parents.” Early Childhood Education Journal 1–11. doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01339-w.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar