References
- Chertow, G M.; Christiansen, C L.; Cleary, P D.; Munro, C.; Lazarus, J M. Prognostic stratification in critically ill patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1995, 155(14):1505–1511. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Douma, C E.; Redekop, W K.; van der Meulen, J H.; , et al. Predicting mortality in intensive care patients with acute renal failure treated with dialysis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1997, 8(1):111–117. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Liano, F.; Pascual, J.. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-based study. Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int. 1996, 50(3):811–818. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Neveu, H.; Kleinknecht, D.; Brivet, F.; Loirat, P.; Landais, P.. Prognostic factors in acute renal failure due to sepsis. Results of a prospective multicentre study. The French Study Group on Acute Renal Failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1996, 11(2):293–299. [PUBMED], [CSA]
- Fiaccadori, E.; Maggiore, U.; Lombardi, M.; Leonardi, S.; Rotelli, C.; Borghetti, A.. Predicting patient outcome from acute renal failure comparing three general severity of illness scoring systems. Kidney Int. 2000, 58(1):283–292. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Parker, R A.; Himmelfarb, J.; Tolkoff-Rubin, N.; Chandran, P.; Wingard, R L.; Hakim, R M. Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis: results of a multicenter study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1998, 32(3):432–443. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Liano, F.; Gallego, A.; Pascual, J..; Garcia-Martin, F.; , et al. Prognosis of acute tubular necrosis: an extended prospectively contrasted study. Nephron 1993, 63(1):21–31. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lins, R L.; Elseviers, M.; Daelemans, R.; , et al. Prognostic value of a new scoring system for hospital mortality in acute renal failure. Clin. Nephrol. 2000, 53(1):10–17. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mehta, R L.; Pascual, M T.; Gruta, C G.; Zhuang, S.; Chertow, G M. Refining predictive models in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002, 13(5):1350–1357. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Halstenberg, W K.; Goormastic, M.; Paganini, E P. Validity of four models for predicting outcome in critically ill acute renal failure patients. Clin. Nephrol. 1997, 47(2):81–86. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 1992, 20(6):864–874. [CSA]
- Knaus, W A.; Draper, E A.; Wagner, D P.; Zimmerman, J E. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit. Care Med. 1985, 13(10):818–829. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Knaus, W A.; Draper, E A.; Wagner, D P.; Zimmerman, J E. Prognosis in acute organ-system failure. Ann. Surg. 1985, 202(6):685–693. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Le Gall, J R.; Lemeshow, S.; Saulnier, F.. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA 1993, 270(24):2957–2963. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Le Gall, J R.; Klar, J.; Lemeshow, S.; , et al. The Logistic Organ Dysfunction system. A new way to assess organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit. ICU Scoring Group. JAMA 1996, 276(10):802–810. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Vincent, J L.; Moreno, R.; Takala, J.; , et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 1996, 22(7):707–710. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lemeshow, S.; Le Gall, J R. Modeling the severity of illness of ICU patients. A systems update. JAMA 1994, 272(13):1049–1055. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Paganini, E P.; Halstenberg, W K.; Goormastic, M.. Risk modeling in acute renal failure requiring dialysis: the introduction of a new model. Clin. Nephrol. 1996, 46(3):206–211. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ronco, C.; Bellomo, R.; Homel, P.; , et al. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2000, 356(9223):26–30. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Fiaccadori, E.; Lombardi, M.; Leonardi, S.; Rotelli, C F.; Tortorella, G.; Borghetti, A.. Prevalence and clinical outcome associated with preexisting malnutrition in acute renal failure: a prospective cohort study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999, 10(3):581–593. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rivers, E.; Nguyen, B.; Havstad, S.; , et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345(19):1368–1377. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Burdmann, E A.; Yu, L. Metabolic and electrolyte disturbances: secondary manifestations. In Acute Renal Failure: A Companion to Brenner & Rector's The Kidney; Molitoris, B A., Finn, W F., Eds.; W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, 2001.
- Chertow, G M.; Lazarus, J M.; Paganini, E P.; Allgren, R L.; Lafayette, R A.; Sayegh, M H. Predictors of mortality and the provision of dialysis in patients with acute tubular necrosis. The Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1998, 9(4):692–698. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Domanovits, H.; Schillinger, M.; Mullner, M.; , et al. Acute renal failure after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med. 2001, 27(7):1194–1199. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Murphy-Filkins, R.; Teres, D.; Lemeshow, S.; Hosmer, D W. Effect of changing patient mix on the performance of an intensive care unit severity-of-illness model: how to distinguish a general from a specialty intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 1996, 24(12):1968–1973. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Glance, L G.; Osler, T M.; Papadakos, P.. Effect of mortality rate on the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II: a simulation study. Crit. Care Med. 2000, 28(10):3424–3428. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Brivet, F G.; Kleinknecht, D J.; Loirat, P.; Landais, P J. Acute renal failure in intensive care units—causes, outcome, and prognostic factors of hospital mortality; a prospective, multicenter study. French Study Group on Acute Renal Failure. Crit. Care Med. 1996, 24(2):192–198. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]