PPAR γ/TLR4/TGF-β1 axis mediates the protection effect of erythropoietin on cyclosporin A-induced chronic nephropathy in rat

References

• Clipstone NA, Crabtree GR. Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation. Nature. 1992;357(6380):695–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton L. Cyclosporine-associated chronic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1984;311(11):699–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remuzzi G. Cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in experimental animals and humans. Kidney Int. 1995;48(2):63–80.
   Google Scholar
• Kalantar-Zadeh K. History of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, the development of biosimilars, and the future of anemia treatment in nephrology. Am J Nephrol. 2017;45(3):235–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohashi Y, Uemura Y, Fujisaka Y, et al. Meta-analysis of epoetin beta and darbepoetin alfa treatment for chemotherapy-induced anemia and mortality: individual patient data from Japanese randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer Sci. 2013;104(4):481–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanath V, Gupta D, Jain J, et al. Anemia and chronic kidney disease: making sense of the recent trials. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2012;7(3):187–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmet I, Tae HJ, Brines M, et al. Chronic administration of small nonerythropoietic peptide sequence of erythropoietin effectively ameliorates the progression of postmyocardial infarction-dilated cardiomyopathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;345(3):446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatemeh Y, Mohsen N, Behrang AA, et al. Effect of erythropoietin on kidney allograft survival: early use after transplantation. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2012;6(1):44–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobe GC, Bennett NC, Malcolm W, et al. Increased progression to kidney fibrosis after erythropoietin is used as a treatment for acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014;306(6):F681–F692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Wen Y, Kang J, et al. Regulation of TLR4 expression mediates the attenuating effect of erythropoietin on inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in rat heart. Int J Mol Med. 2018;42(3):1436–1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi SH, Zheng SS, Jia CK, et al. Inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in rat with cyclosporine A-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004;25(1):98–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Xie T, Li D, et al. Tim-3 aggravates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by promoting macrophage activation via the NF-kappaB/TNF-alpha pathway. Mol Metab. 2019;23:24–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno J, Nunes S, Rodrigues-Santos P, et al. Conversion to sirolimus ameliorates cyclosporine-induced nephropathy in the rat: focus on serum, urine, gene, and protein renal expression biomarkers. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaytseva YY, Wallis NK, Southard RC, et al. The PPAR gamma antagonist T0070907 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and motility via both PPAR gamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Anticancer Res. 2011;31(3):813–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett WM, Demattos A, Meyer MM, et al. Chronic cyclosporine nephropathy: the Achilles’ heel of immunosuppressive therapy. Kidney Int. 1996;50(4):1089–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao XF, Liu YH, Han ZM, et al. Effect of erythropoietin on the expression of dynamin-related protein-1 in rat renal interstitial fibrosis. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9(6):2065–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acikgoz Y, Can B, Bek K, et al. The effect of simvastatin and erythropoietin on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Ren Fail. 2014;36(2):252–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi M, Flores B, Li P, et al. Effects of erythropoietin receptor activity on angiogenesis, tubular injury and fibrosis in acute kidney injury: a “U-Shaped” relationship. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017;314(4):ajprenal.00306.02017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao LH. Diverse roles of TGF-β/Smads in renal fibrosis and inflammation. Int J Biol Sci. 2011;7(7):1056–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnieszka L, Mateusz S, Alicja J, et al. TGF-β1/Smads and miR-21 in renal fibrosis and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016(1):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Böttinger EP. TGF-β in renal injury and disease. Semin Nephrol. 2007;27(3):309–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao-Ming M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Yao LH. Inflammatory processes in renal fibrosis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014;10(9):493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv W, Booz GW, Fan F, et al. Oxidative stress and renal fibrosis: recent insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Front Physiol. 2018;9(1):105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu RM, Gaston Pravia KA. Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-beta-mediated fibrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48(1):1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Kim SI, Choi ME. Therapeutic targets for treating fibrotic kidney diseases. Transl Res. 2015;165(4):512–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Sun D, Bao Y, et al. Nerolidol protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Phytother Res. 2017;31(3):459–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pushpakumar S, Ren L, Kundu S, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency reduces oxidative stress and macrophage mediated inflammation in hypertensive kidney. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6349.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• González-Guerrero C, Cannata-Ortiz P, Guerri C, et al. TLR4-mediated inflammation is a key pathogenic event leading to kidney damage and fibrosis in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2017;91(4):1925–1939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dange RB, Agarwal D, Masson GS, et al. Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2014;103(1):17–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De PB, Palacios R, Martín A, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation by angiotensin II contributes to hypertension and vascular dysfunction through reactive oxygen species production. Plos One. 2014;9(8):e104020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hai-Chun Y, Sebastien D, Yiqin Z, et al. The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(11):2380–2388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonia Z, Blanca AJ, Ruiz-Armenta MV, et al. L-carnitine attenuates the development of kidney fibrosis in hypertensive rats by upregulating PPAR-γ. Am J Hypertens. 2014;27(3):460–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar