Half Empty or Half Full? Over 30 Years of Regional Cross-Border Cooperation Within the EU: Experiences at the Dutch–German and Danish–German Border

References

• Andersen , M. 2006 . “ Nation-Building and Border Identities: The Economic Reconstruction of the Schleswig Border Region, 1919–1924 ” . In Borderland Identities. Territory and Belonging in North, Central and East Europe , Edited by: Hurd , M. 225 – 254 . Eslöv : Gondolin .
   Google Scholar
• Barten , U. , Bröcker , J. , Herrmann , H. and Klatt , M. 2006 . “ Barrieren und Potentiale der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit in der Fehmarnbelt Region ” . In Beiträge aus dem Institut für Regionalforschung der Universität Kiel , Kiel : Institut für Regionalforschung der Universität Kiel . 141
   Google Scholar
• Becker-Christensen , H. 1979 . Europarådet og grænseregioner. Grænseoverskridende regionalt og kommunalt samarbejde , Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Biscoe , A. 2001 . European Integration and the Maintenance of Regional Cultural Diversity: Symbiosis or Symbolism? . Regional Studies , 35 ( 1 ) : 57 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatter , J. 2004 . From “Spaces of Place” to “Spaces of Flow”? Territorial and Functional Governance in Cross-border Regions in Europe and North America . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 28 ( 3 ) : 530 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatter , J. and Clement , N. 2000 . “ Transborder Collaboration in Europe and North America: Explaining Similarities and Differences ” . In Borders, Regions and People , Edited by: Veldev. d. , M. and Houtum , H. v. 85 – 103 . London : Pion .
   Google Scholar
• Brand , H. , Hollederer , A. , Ward , G. and Wolf , U. 2008 . Evaluation of Border Regions in the European Union (EUREGIO) . Düsseldorf: Landesinstitut für Gesundheit und Arbeit Nordrhein-Westfalen
   Google Scholar
• Buch , T. , Schmidt , T. Dall and Niebuhr , A. 2009 . Cross-Border Commuting in the Danish–German Border Region—Integration, Institutions and Cross-Border Interaction . Journal of Borderlands Studies , 24 ( 2 ) : 38 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Danielzyk , R. , Ernste , H. and Jung , H.U. 2004 . “ Fallstudien für die deutsch–niederländischen Grenzräume ” . In Entwicklung europäischer Grenzräume bei abnehmender Bedeutung der nationalen Grenzen , Edited by: Thormählen , L. Hannover : Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung .
   Google Scholar
• Fredsted , E. 1998 . Analyser af dansk og tysk som talesprog , Oslo : Novus .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , C. L. and Nahrstedt , B. 2000 . “ Cross-border Commuting: Research Issues, and a Case Study for the Danish–German Border Region ” . In Borders, Regions, and People , Edited by: Van der Velde , M. and Van Houtum , H. 69 – 84 . London : Pion .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , P. A. and Serin , G. 2010 . Rescaling or Institutional Flexibility? the Experience of the Cross-Border Øresund Region . Regional & Federal Studies , 20 ( 2 ) : 201 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Heddebaut , O. 2004 . “ The EUROREGION from 1991 to 2020: an ephemeral stamp? ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Olivier Kramsch , B. H. 70 – 87 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann , H. , Korzhenevych , A. and Bröcker , J. 2011 . “ Cross-Border Labour Market ” . In The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link: Regional Development Perspectives ed. C. Wichmann Matthiesen, 150–201. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann , H. and Schack , M. 2004 . “ Fallstudien für die deutsch–dänischen Grenzräume ” . In Entwicklung europäischer Grenzräume bei abnehmender Bedeutung nationaler Grenzen , Edited by: Thormählen , L. Hannover : Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung .
   Google Scholar
• Hjalager , A.-M. 2004 . Evaluierung der Arbeit in der Region Sønderjylland-Schleswig 2000–2004 , Aarhus : Advance 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Hjalager , A.-M. 2009 . Evalueringen 2009 af Region Sønderjylland-Schleswig , Aarhus : Advance1 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann , S. 1966 . Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation State and the Case of Western Europe . Daedalus , 95 ( 3 ) : 862 – 915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann , S. 1982 . Reflections on the Nation-State in Western Europe Today . Journal of Common Market Studies , 20 ( 1–2 ) : 21 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann , S. 1989 . The European Community and 1992 . Foreign Affairs , 68 ( 4 ) : 27 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann , S. 1999 . The Sum of its Parts . Foreign Policy , 115 : 38 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe , L. and Marks , G. 2003 . Unraveling the Central State, but How? Types of Multilevel Government . American Political Science Review , 97 ( 2 ) : 233 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houtum , H. v. and Gielis , R. 2006 . Elastic Migration: The Case of Dutch Short-Distance Transmigrants in Belgian and German Borderlands . Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) , 97 ( 2 ) : 195 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Hulgaard , A. M. 2002 . Kan påståede kulturforskelle aflæses i den kommunikative adfærd? , Odense : University of Southern Denmark .
   Google Scholar
• Haas , E. B. 1968 . The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social and Economic Forces 1950–1957 , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Häkli , J. 2004 . “ Governing the Mountains: Cross-Border Regionalization in Catalonia ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Olivier Kramsch , B. H. 56 – 69 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen-Butler , C. and Madsen , B. 1999 . An Eclectic Methodology for Assessment of the Regional Economic Effects of the Femern Belt Link Between Scandinavia and Germany . Regional Studies , 33 ( 8 ) : 751 – 768 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsen , A. 2005 . Dannevirkemænd og Ejderfolk , Flensburg : Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig .
   Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , B. H. 1999 . Building Cross-Border Cooperation Structures , Copenhagen : University of Copenhagen .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. 2004 . “ Regional Cross-border Cooperation—Ideological vs. Practical Approach ” . In Narva and the Baltic Sea Region , Edited by: Brüggemann , K. 391 – 400 . Narva : Tartu University Narva College .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. 2005a . “ The Danish–German Border Region as an Example for Integration in the European Context ” . In Minority Policy in Action: The Bonn–Copenhagen Declarations in a European Context , Edited by: Kühl , J. and Weller , M. 139 – 160 . Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. 2005b . “ De nationale mindretal i det grænseoverskridende samarbejde 1945–2005 [The National Minorities Within Cross-Border Cooperation 1945–2005] ” . In København-Bonn Erklæringerne 1955–2005. De dansk-tyske mindretalserklæringers baggrund, tilblivelse og virkning [Copenhagen-Bonn Declarations 1955–2005. The Danish–German minority declarations background, evolution and impact] , Edited by: Kühl , J. 427 – 448 . Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning—Syddansk Universitet .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. 2006a . Fra modspil til medspil?: grænseoverskridende samarbejde i Sønderjylland-Schleswig 1945–2005 , Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. 2006b . Regional Cross-Border Cooperation and National Minorities in Border Regions—A Problem or an Opportunity? Expanding Borders: Communities and Identities , Riga, Latvia : University of Latvia .
   Google Scholar
• Klatt , M. and Kühl , J. 2008 . “ National Minorities and Crossborder Cooperation Between Hungary and Croatia. A Case Study of Baranya, Hungary, and Osijecko-Baranjska County, Croatia ” . In European Yearbook of Minority Issues , Edited by: Bloed , A. , Hofmann , R. , Marko , J. , Mayall , J. , Packer , J. , Åkermark , S. and Weller , M. Vol. 6 , 193 – 210 . Leiden, , The Netherlands : Martin Nijhoff Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kühl , J. 2005 . “ The Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations of 1955: Background, Context and Impact of the Danish–German Minority Regulations ” . In Minority Policy in Action: The Bonn–Copenhagen Declarations in a European Context 1955–2005 , Edited by: Kühl , J. and Weller , M. 31 – 90 . Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning, European Centre of Minority Issues .
   Google Scholar
• Kühl , J. and Klatt , M. 2005a . Action Plan for Cross-Border Cooperation Baranya/Hungary—Osijecko-Baranjska County Croatia , Aabenraa : Syddansk Universitet .
   Google Scholar
• Kühl , J. and Klatt , M. 2005b . National Minorities and Cross-Border Cooperation in Europe: a Manual , Aabenraa : Syddansk Universitet .
   Google Scholar
• Levring , P. , Lyck , L. , Olshov , A. and Karringer , S. 2005 . Grænseoverskridende kommunalt samarbejde i Øresundsregionen , Malmö : ØI Förlag/Øresundsinstituttet .
   Google Scholar
• Liikanen , I. 2008 . New Neighbourhood and Cross-Border Region Building: Identity Politics of CBC on the Finnish–Russian Border . Journal of Borderlands Studies , 23 ( 3 ) : 19 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Lissandrello , E. 2004 . “ Cross-Border Region Espace Montblanc: a Territorial “Not-Yet”? ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Kramsch, , O. and Hopper , B. 88 – 104 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lofgren , O. 2008 . Regionauts: the Transformation of Cross-Border Regions in Scandinavia . European Urban and Regional Studies , 15 ( 3 ) : 195 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malchus , V. v. 1975 . Partnerschaft an europäischen Grenzen. Integration durch grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit , Bonn : Europa Union Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Malloy , T. 2010 . Creating New Spaces for Politics? The Role of National Minorities in Building Capacity of Cross-Border Regions . Regional & Federal Studies , 20 ( 3 ) : 335 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Malloy , T. , Engl , A. , Heichlinger , A. , Hopfgartner , V. , Pechlahner , H. , Teglas , E. and Zabielska , K. 2008 . Competence Analysis: National Minorities As a Standortfaktor in the Danish–German Border Region. Working with Each Other, for Each Other , Bozen/Bolzano : Europäische Akademie EURAC Research .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , G. , Hooghe , L. and Blank , K. 1996 . European Integration from the 1980s: State-Centric vs. Multi-level Governance . Journal of Common Market Studies , 34 ( 3 ) : 341 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattoug , M. P. 1998 . “ Von der Unfähigkeit, transnationale Unfähigkeit festzustellen ” . In Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in Europa. Theorie–Empirie–Praxis , Edited by: Brunn , G. and Schmitt-Egner , P. Baden Baden : Nomos . 110–117
   Google Scholar
• Newman , D. 2006 . The Lines That Continue to Separate Us: Borders in Our “Borderless” World . Progress in Human Geography , 30 ( 2 ) : 143 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noack , J. P. 1991 . Det sydslesvigske grænsespørgsmål 1945–1947 , Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Noack , J. P. 1997 . Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig 1948–1955 , Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Palermo , F. 2005 . “ Trans-Border Cooperation and Ethnic Diversity ” . In Minority Policy in Action: The Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations in a European Context 1955–2005 , Edited by: Kühl , J. and Weller , M. 161 – 186 . Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Perkmann , M. 1999 . Building Governance Institutions Across European Borders . Regional Studies , 33 ( 7 ) : 657 – 667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkmann , M. 2002 . “ Euroregions: Institutional Entrepreneurship in the European Union ” . In Globalization, Regionalization and Cross-Border Regions , Edited by: Perkmann , M. and Sum , N.-L. Basingstoke, , U.K : Palgrave Macmillan . 103–124
   Google Scholar
• Perkmann , M. 2003 . Cross-Border Regions in Europe. Significance and Drivers of Regional Cross-Border Cooperation . European Urban & Regional Studies , 10 ( 2 ) : 153 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkmann , M. 2007a . Construction of New Territorial Scales: A Framework and Case Study of the EUREGIO Cross-Border Region . Regional Studies , 41 ( 2 ) : 253 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkmann , M. 2007b . Policy Entrepreneurship and Multilevel Governance: a Comparative Study of European Cross-Border Regions . Environment and Planning C-Government and Policy , 25 ( 6 ) : 861 – 879 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paasi , A. 2002 . Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World: Deconstructing “Regional Identity.” . Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) , 93 ( 2 ) : 137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paasi , A. 2009 . Bounded Spaces in a “Borderless World”;: Border Studies, Power and the Anatomy of Territory . Journal of Power , 2 ( 2 ) : 213 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Paasi , A. and Prokkola , E.-K. 2008 . Territorial Dynamics, Cross-border Work and Everyday Life in the Finnish–Swedish Border Area . Space & Polity , 12 ( 1 ) : 13 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Raich , S. 1995 . Grenzüberschreitende und interregionale Zusammenarbeit in einem “Europa der Regionen.” Dargestellt anhand der Fallbeispiele Grossregion Saar-Lor-Lux, EUREGIO und “Vier Motoren für Europa.” , Baden Baden : Nomos .
   Google Scholar
• Ricq , C. 2006 . Handbook of Transfrontier Cooperation , Strasbourg : Council of Europe .
   Google Scholar
• Schack , M. 1997 . Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit an der deutsch–niederländischen Grenze , Aabenraa : Institut for Grænseregionsforskning .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt-Egner , P. 1998 . “Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit” in Europa als Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Strategie transnationaler Praxis. Anmerkungen zur Theorie, Empirie und Praxis des Transnationalen Regionalismus ” . In Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in Europa. Theorie–Empirie–Praxis , Edited by: Brunn , G. and Schmitt-Egner , P. Baden Baden : Nomos .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt-Egner , P. 2001 . “Transnationaler Regionalismus” als Gegenstand der Politikwissenschaft ” . In Die gesellschaftliche Basis von Aussenpolitik. Internationale Wirtschaft, Umwelt, Ideologien, Regional- und Entwicklungspolitik , Edited by: Bellers , J. and Rosenthal , C. 386 – 441 . Münster : Lit-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , J. W. 2000 . “ Euroregions, Governance, and Transborder Cooperation Within the EU ” . In Borders, Regions and People , Edited by: Velde , M. d. and Houtum , H. v. 104 – 115 . London : Pion .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , J. W. 2004 . “ The Northern Dimension: “Multiscalar” Regionalism in an Enlarging European Union ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Kramsch, , O. and Hopper , B. 135 – 156 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Spierings , B. and van der Velde , M. 2008 . Shopping, Borders and Unfamiliarity: Consumer Mobility in Europe . Journal for Economic and Social Geography , 99 ( 4 ) : 497 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppat , S. 2006 . Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in Europa. Erfolge und Misserfolge der Kooperation am Beispiel der EUREGIO (Rhein–Ems–IJssel), der Eureglo Maas-Rhein und der EuroregionNeisse-Nisa-Nysa. (German) . International Collaboration in Europe. Success and Failures of the Cooperation at the Example of the EUREGIO (Rhein–Ems–IJssel), the Euregio to the Meuse Rhine and the Euroregion Neisse-Nisa-Nysa. (English). , 16 ( 3 ) : 1072 – 1072 .
   Google Scholar
• Strüver , A. 2004 . “We Are Only Allowed to React, and Not Act”: Eurocrats' Strategies and Borderlanders' Tactics in a Dutch–German Cross-Border Region ” . In Cross-Border Governance in European Border Regions , Edited by: Kramsch, , O. and Hopper , B. 25 – 40 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Strüver , A. 2005a . “ Bor (der)ing Stories. Spaces of Absence Along the Dutch–German Border ” . In B/ordering Space , Edited by: van Houtum , H. , Kramsch , O. and Zierhofer , W. Aldershot, , U.K : Ashgate . 207–222
   Google Scholar
• Strüver , A. 2005b . Spheres of Transnationalism Within the European Union: On Open Doors, Thresholds and Drawbridges Along the Dutch–German Border . Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies , 31 ( 2 ) : 323 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topaloglou , L. , Kallioras , D. , Manetos , P. and Petrakos , G. 2005 . A Border Regions Typology in the Enlarged European Union . Journal of Borderlands Studies , 20 ( 2 ) : 67 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Velde , M. v. d. and Houtum , H. v. 2004 . “ De-Politicizing the Labour Market Indifference and Immobility in the European Union ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Kramsch, , O. and Hopper , B. 41 – 55 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Virtanen , P. 2004 . “ Euregions in Changing Europe: Euregio Karelia and Euroregion Pomerania As Examples ” . In Cross-Border Governance in the European Union , Edited by: Kramsch, , O. and Hopper , B. London : Routledge . 121–134
   Google Scholar
• Weichhart , P. 2005 . “ On Paradigms and Doctrines. The “Euregio of Salzburg” as a Bordered Space ” . In B/ordering Space , Edited by: Houtum , H. v. , Kramsch , O. and Zierhofer , W. Aldershot, , U.K : Ashgate . 93–108
   Google Scholar
• Wichmann Matthiesen , C . 2011 . The Fehmarn Fixed Link. Regional Development Perspectives , Edited by: Wichmann Matthiesen , C. Odense : Syddansk Universitetsforlag .
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , D. 2005 . “ Neo-Funktionalismus ” . In Theorien europäischer Integration , Edited by: Bieling , H. J. and Lerch , M. Wiesbaden : Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften . 65–90
   Google Scholar
• Yndigegn , C. 2003 . Life Planning in the Periphery: Life Chances and Life Perspectives for Young People in the Danish–German Border Region . Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Research , 11 ( 3 ) 235–252
   Google Scholar