Migration Causes and Challenges at the European Border in North Africa: A Practitioner-Based Grounded Theory

References

• Akkerman, Mark. 2021. Financing Border Wars: The Border Industry, Its Financiers and Human Rights. Border Wars Briefing. Transnational Institute and Stop Wapenhandel. https://www.tni.org/files/publicationdownloads/financingborderwars-report-tni_2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Alemi, Qais, Carl Stempel, Kelly Baek, Lisa Lares, Patricia Villa, Didem Danis, and Susanne Montgomery. 2016. Impact of Postmigration Living Difficulties on the Mental Health of Afghan Migrants Residing in Istanbul. International Journal of Population Research 2016: 7690697. doi:10.1155/2016/7690697.
   Google Scholar
• Alpes, Maybritt J., and Alexis Spire. 2014. Dealing with Law in Migration Control: The Powers of Street-Level Bureaucrats at French Consulates. Social & Legal Studies 23, no. 2: 261–74. doi:10.1177/096466391351092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertel, D. 2022. Research Ethics in Migration Studies – Practical Tips for Researchers. PERCEPTIONS Project. https://www.perceptions.eu/research-ethics-in-migration-studies-practical-tips-for-researchers/.
   Google Scholar
• Bettini, Giovanni. 2019. And Yet It Moves! (Climate) Migration as a Symptom in the Anthropocene. Mobilities 14, no. 3: 336–50. doi:10.1080/17450101.2019.1612613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhugra, Dinesh. 2004. Migration and Mental Health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 109, no. 4: 243–58. doi:10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00246.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondanini, Francesco B. 2014. Migración de Tránsito: Entre temporalidad y largas esperas. El caso del CETI de Melilla [Transit Migration: Between Temporariness and Long Waits. The Case of the CETI in Melilla]. Antropología Experimental 14: 189–206.
   Google Scholar
• Caminando Fronteras. 2019. Rutas migratorias a España [Migratory Routes to Spain]. Caminando Fronteras. Accessed September 29, 2023. https://caminandofronteras.org/derecho-a-la-vida/rutas/.
   Google Scholar
• Cano, Ana G., and María de Frutos Lobo. 2016. El papel del intérprete en la entrevista de asilo en la frontera sur de Europa. La protección internacional en Melilla [The Role of the Interpreter in the Asylum Interview at the Southern Border of Europe. International Protection in Melilla]. Entreculturas. Revista de Traducción y Comunicación Intercultural 9: 271–89. doi:10.24310/Entreculturasertci.vi9.11267.
   Google Scholar
• Carrasco Granger, Sara. 2022. Reflections on the Methodological Implications for Empirical Studies with a Critical Approach to the Migrant/Refugee Binary. Newsletter of the American Political Science Association 9, no. 1: 49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Casas-Cortes, Maribel, Sebastian Cobarrubias, and John Pickles. 2015. Riding Routes and Itinerant Borders: Autonomy of Migration and Border Externalization. Antipode 47, no. 4: 894–914. doi:10.1111/anti.12148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castañeda, Heide. 2009. Illegality as Risk Factor: A Survey of Unauthorized Migrant Patients in a Berlin Clinic. Social Science & Medicine 68, no. 8: 1552–60. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, Kathy. 1996. The Search for Meanings – Grounded Theory. In Rethinking Methods in Psychology, eds. Jonathon A. Smith, Rom Harré, and Luk Van Langenhove, 27–49. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Jeffrey H., and Ibrahim Sirkeci. 2011. Cultures of Migration: The Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Corbin, Juliet, and Anselm Strauss. 1990. Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria. Qualitative Sociology 13, no. 1: 3–21. doi:10.1007/BF00988593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawley, Heaven, and Dimitris Skleparis. 2018. Refugees, Migrants, Neither, Both: Categorical Fetishism and the Politics of Bounding in Europe’s “Migration Crisis”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44, no. 1: 48–64. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1348224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahinden, Janine. 2016. A Plea for the “De-Migranticization” of Research on Migration and Integration. Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 13: 2207–25. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1124129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Haas, Hein. 2021. A Theory of Migration: The Aspirations-Capabilities Framework. Comparative Migration Studies 9, no. 1: 1–35. doi:10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4.
   Google Scholar
• Digidiki, Vasileia, and Jaqueline Bhabha. 2018. Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Unaccompanied Migrant Children in Greece: Identifying Risk Factors and Gaps in Services During the European Migration Crisis. Children and Youth Services Review 92: 114–21. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estevens, João. 2018. Migration Crisis in the EU: Developing a Framework for Analysis of National Security and Defence Strategies. Comparative Migration Studies 6, no. 1: 28. doi:10.1186/s40878-018-0093-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fassin, Didier. 2012. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fassin, Didier. 2019. Deepening Divides: How Territorial Borders and Social Boundaries Delineate Our World / Didier Fassin. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Favell, Adrian. 2022. Immigration, Integration and Citizenship: Elements of a New Political Demography. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48, no. 1: 3–32. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2022.2020955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer-Gallardo, Xavier, and Lorenzo Gabrielli. 2018. Estados de excepción en la excepción del Estado [States of Exception in the State Exception]. Barcelona: Icaria.
   Google Scholar
• Franceschelli, Michela. 2020. Global Migration, Local Communities and the Absent State: Resentment and Resignation on the Italian Island of Lampedusa. Sociology 54, no. 3: 591–608. doi:10.1177/003803851989082.
   Google Scholar
• Friedli, Lynne. 2009. Mental Health, Resilience and Inequalities (No. EU/08/5087203). Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Garcés Mascareñas, Blanca. 2022. La necropolítica de la frontera [The Necropolitics of the Border]. CIDOB 704/2022. https://www.cidob.org/ca/publicacions/series_de_publicacio/opinio/2022/la_necropolitica_de_la_frontera.
   Google Scholar
• García-Carmona, M., F. García-Quero, J. Guardiola, P. Moya Fernández, J. Ollero Perán, J. Edwards, and B. Whitworth. 2021. Migration to the EU: A Survey of First-line Practitioners’ Perceptions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PERCEPTIONS Project, https://www.perceptions.eu/migration-to-the-eu-a-survey-of-first-line-practitioners-perceptions-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
   Google Scholar
• Gilodi, A., I. Albert, and B. Niebaner. 2021. Vulnerability in the Context of Migration: A Critical Overview and a New Conceptual Model. Human Arenas. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s42087-022-00288-5.
   Google Scholar
• Glasser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hernández-Carretero, María, and Jørgen Carling. 2012. Beyond “Kamikaze Migrants: Risk Taking in West African Boat Migration to Europe”. Human Organization 71, no. 4: 407–16. doi:10.17730/humo.71.4.n52709742v2637t1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INE. 2021. Estadísticas Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Cifras provenientes del Padrón municipal a 01/01/2021 [Statistics National Institute of Statistics. Figures from the Municipal Register at 01/01/2021]. (Dataset). Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t = 2852.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Corey, and Reece Jones. 2016. The Biopolitics and Geopolitics of Border Enforcement in Melilla. Territory, Politics, Governance 6, no. 1: 61–80. doi:10.1080/21622671.2016.1236746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalkman, Kris, Gry M. D. Haugen, and Marko Valenta. 2017. “They Need to … ”: Exploring Practitioners’ Attitudes in Relation to Newcomer Migrant Children’s Needs in Norwegian Day Care. Childhood 24, no. 3: 366–80. doi:10.1177/090756821668824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kofman, Eleonore. 2018. Gendered Mobilities and Vulnerabilities: Refugee Journeys to and in Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 45, no. 12: 2185–99. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkki, Liisa H. 1996. Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology 11, no. 3: 377–404. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkki, Liisa H. 2015. The Need to Help: The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarianism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzara, Federica. 2019. Reframing Migration: Lampedusa, Border Spectacle and the Aesthetics of Subversion. Oxford: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Melotti, Marxiano, Elisabeth Ruspini, and Ezio Marra. 2018. Migration, Tourism and Peace: Lampedusa as a Social Laboratory. Anatolia 29, no. 2: 215–24. doi:10.1080/13032917.2017.1414441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministerio del Interior. 2021. Informe AVANCE de datos de protección internacional [ADVANCE Report on International Protection Data]. https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/pdf/servicios-al-ciudadano/oficina-de-asilo-y-refugio/datos-e-informacion-estadistica/Proteccion-Internacional/Avance_trimestral_datos_proteccion_internacional_2022_12_31.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mourad, Lama, and Kelsey P. Norman. 2020. Transforming Refugees into Migrants: Institutional Change and the Politics of International Protection. European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 3: 687–713. doi:10.1177/135406611988368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, Gregory C., and James J. Athanasou. 1999. The Effect of Unemployment on Mental Health. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 72, no. 1: 83–99. doi:10.1348/096317999166518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pidgeon, Nick, and Karen Henwood. 2004. Grounded Theory. In Handbook of Data Analysis, eds. Melissa Hardy and Alan Bryman, 625–48. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• PorCausa. 2019. La franquicia antimigración. Cómo se expande el populismo xenófobo en Europa [The Anti-migration Franchise. How Xenophobic Populism is Spreading in Europe]. Fundación porCausa. https://porcausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Franquicia-Antimigratoria-de-porCausa-abril-2019-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• PorCausa. 2020. Migration Control Industry: Who Takes the Money? Fundación porCausa. https://porcausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Migration-Control-Industry-2-Who-takes-the-money.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• PorCausa. 2022. Narrativas migratorias del amor. De la solidaridad a la Comunidad [Migratory Narratives of Love. From Solidarity to Community]. Fundación porCausa. https://porcausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Narrativas_amor_4.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Reinert, Erik S. 2018. Smart Specialization: Theory and Brief Case Studies (No. 81). The Other Canon Foundation and Tallinn University of Technology Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics 81. http://technologygovernance.eu/files/main//2018121010502020.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rios, Raul, and Irina van der Vet. 2020. European Union Trends in Prevention of Radicalisation and Violent Extremism: Experiences of European Stakeholders. In White Book on CVEs, ed. Elodie Reuge, 107–23. Belgium: European Organisation for Security.
   Google Scholar
• Rumford, Chris. 2006. Theorizing Borders. European Journal of Social Theory 9, no. 2: 155–69. doi:10.1177/1368431006063330.
   Google Scholar
• Sirkeci, Ibrahim. 2009. Transnational Mobility and Conflict. Migration Letters 6, no. 1: 3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Staniforth, Rachel, and Elizabeth Such. 2019. Public Health Practitioners’ Perspectives of Migrant Health in an English Region. Public Health 175: 79–86. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.06.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, Anselm, and Juliet Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sum, Ngai-Ling. 2003. Rethinking Globalisation: Re-Articulating the Spatial Scale and Temporal Horizons of Trans-Border Spaces. In State/Space: A Reader, eds. N. Brenner, B. Jessop, M. Jones, and G. Macleod, 208–24. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, Shoukai. 2018. Uncovering the Hidden Impacts of Inequality on Mental Health: A Global Study. Translational Psychiatry 8, no. 1: 1–10. doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0148-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar