Youth in Residential Facilities: “Am I Safe?,” “Do I Matter?,” and “Do You Care?”

References

• Anderson, E. (2000). Code of the street. Decency, violence and the moral life of the inner city. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Attar-Schwartz, S. (2014). Experiences of sexual victimization by peers among adolescents in residential care settings. Social Service Review, 88(4), 594–629. https://doi.org/10.1086/679194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attar-Schwartz, S., & Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2015). Indirect and verbal victimization by peers among at-risk youth in residential care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 42(april), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.12.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes, C., & Mercer, G. (2005). Disability, work, and welfare: Challenging the social exclusion of disabled people. Work, Employment & Society, 19(3), 527–545. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005055669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bath, H. (2015). The three pillars of traumawise care: Healing in the other 23hours. Reclaiming Children & Youth, 23(4), 5–11. https://www.traumebevisst.no/kompetanseutvikling/filer/23_4_Bath3pillars.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M. (2002). Promoting children’s rights through the use of relationship [Article]. Child & Family Social Work, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2002.00225.x
   Google Scholar
• Berg, J., Kaltiala‐Heino, R., & Välimäki, M. (2011). Management of aggressive behaviour among adolescents in forensic units: A four‐country perspective. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 18(9), 776–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01726.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessell, S., & Gal, T. (2009). Forming partnerships: The human rights of children in need of care and protection [Article]. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17(2), 283–298. https://crawford.anu.edu.au/pdf/staff/sharon_bessel/2010/forming_partnerships_IJCR_published_version.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bessell, S. (2011). Participation in decision-making in out-of-home care in Australia: What do young people say? Children and Youth Services Review, 33(4), 496–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braxton, E. M. (1995). Angry Children, Frightened Staff. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 13(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v13n01_03
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, E. C., Greeson, J. K. P., Layne, C. M., Fairbank, J. A., Knoverek, A. M., & Pynoos, R. S. (2012). Trauma exposure, psychosocial functioning, and treatment needs of youth in residential care: Preliminary findings from the NCTSN Core Data Set. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521.2012.646413
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. D., Barrett, K., Ireys, H. T., Allen, K., Pires, S. A., & Blau, G. (2010). Family-driven youth-guided practices in residential treatment: Findings from a national survey of residential treatment facilities. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 27(3), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2010.500137
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, R. J., & Maginn, C. (2008). The authentic warmth dimension of professional childcare. The British Journal of Social Work, 38(6), 1151–1172. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, A., Duff, H., & Craddock, F. (2020). A systematic review of the outcome of child abuse in long-term care. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(4), 660–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018789154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cashmore, J. (2002). Promoting the participation of children and young people in care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(8), 837–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00353-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin-Vézina, D., Coleman, K., Milne, L., Sell, J., & Daigneault, I. (2011). Trauma experiences, maltreatment-related impairments, and resilience among child welfare youth in residential care. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-011-9323-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, D. F., McIntyre, E. K., Miller, K., Brown, C., Bluestone, H., Daunais, D., & Lebeau, S. (2003). Staff retention and turnover in a residential treatment center. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 20(3), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v20n03_04
   Google Scholar
• Cousins, W., & Milner, S. (2006). Children’s rights: A cross-border study of residential care. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 27(1–2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2006.10446331
   Google Scholar
• Engström, I., Engström, K., & Sellin, T. (2020). Adolescents’ experiences of the staff’s different interaction styles in coercive youth care in Sweden: A qualitative study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 41(11), 1027–1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1757794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, E. M. Z., Murray, M. L., Ballentine, K., Rauktis, M. E., & Burns, B. J. (2017). Would We know it if we saw it? Assessing quality of care in group homes for youth. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 25(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426616687363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, S. L., Archambault, I., & Parent, V. (2016). Staff intervention and youth behaviors in a child welfare residence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1188–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0312-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freundlich, M., Avery, R. J., & Padgett, D. (2007). Care or scare: The safety of youth in congregate care in New York City. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fudge Schormans, A., & Rooke, J. (2008). When there are no choices: The consequences of a lack of adult living placements for young adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities leaving child welfare care. Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 14(1), 107–126. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.620.4389
   Google Scholar
• Furnivall, J. (2018). Reclaiming complexity: Beneath the surface in residential child care. Journal of Social Work Practice, 32(4), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2018.1503164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gharabaghi, K. (2019). A hard place to call home. Canadian Scholars.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, I., & Sinclair, I. (1998). Private and local authority children’s homes: A comparison. Journal of Adolescence, 21(5), 517–527. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1998.0175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greger, H. K., Myhre, A. K., Lydersen, S., & Jozefiak, T. (2015). Previous maltreatment and present mental health in a high-risk adolescent population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 45(July), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Kalverboer, M. E. (2013). A secure base? The adolescent–staff relationship in secure residential youth care. Child & Family Social Work, 18(3), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00846.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Kalverboer, M. E. (2017). The inside out? Views of young people, parents, and professionals regarding successful secure residential care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34(5), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0473-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins-Rodgers, Y. (2007). Adolescents adjusting to a group home environment: A residential care model of re-organizing attachment behavior and building resiliency. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(9), 1131–1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, A., Degner, J., & Oscarsson, L. (2008). Youths in coercive residential care: Attitudes towards key staff members’ personal involvement, from a therapeutic alliance perspective. European Journal of Social Work, 11(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691450701531976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden, M. J., Izzo, C., Nunno, M., Smith, E. G., Endres, T., Holden, J. C., & Kuhn, F. (2010). Children and residential experiences: A comprehensive strategy for implementing a research-informed program model for residential care [Journal article]. Child Welfare, 89(2), 131–149. https://login.ezproxy.oslomet.no/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=105051886&site=ehost-live&scope=site
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huefner, J. C., Ringle, J. L., Gordon, C., & Tyler, P. M. (2020). Impact of perception of safety on outcomes in the context of trauma. Children and Youth Services Review, 114(July), 105060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105060
   Google Scholar
• James, S. (2011). What works in group care? — A structured review of treatment models for group homes and residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in qualitative research: The assessment of trustworthiness. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(3), 214–222. https://research.aota.org/ajot/article-abstract/45/3/214/2734/Rigor-in-Qualitative-Research-The-Assessment-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanctôt, N., Lemieux, A., & Mathys, C. (2016). The value of a safe, connected social climate for adolescent girls in residential care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 33(3–4), 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2016.1207218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lausten, M., & Frederiksen, S. (2016). Do you love me? An empirical analysis of the feeling of love amongst children in out-of-home care. International Journal of Social Pedagogy, 5(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.07
   Google Scholar
• Leeson, C. (2007). My life in care: Experiences of non-participation in decision-making processes. Child & Family Social Work, 12(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2007.00499.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leipoldt, J. D., Harder, A. T., Kayed, N. S., Grietens, H., & Rimehaug, T. (2019). Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth care: A systematic review [Nursing homes & residential care 3377]. Children and Youth Services Review, 99(April), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.010
   Google Scholar
• Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. Psychological Review, 123(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manso, A., Rauktis, M. E., & Boyd, A. S. (2008). Youth expectations about therapeutic alliance in a residential setting. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 25(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865710802209826
   Google Scholar
• Martinelli, A., Ackermann, K., Bernhard, A., Freitag, C. M., & Schwenck, C. (2018). Hostile attribution bias and aggression in children and adolescents: A systematic literature review on the influence of aggression subtype and gender. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 39(March–April), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.01.005
   Google Scholar
• Mazzone, A., Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2018). Bullying and peer violence among children and adolescents in residential care settings: A review of the literature [Nursing homes & residential care 3377]. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 38(January–February), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.12.004
   Google Scholar
• McLeod, A. (2010). A friend and an equal’: Do young people in care seek the impossible from their social workers? The British Journal of Social Work, 40(3), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, T., McArthur, M., Death, J., Tilbury, C., & Roche, S. (2017). Young people’s views on safety and preventing abuse and harm in residential care: “It’s got to be better than home.” Children and Youth Services Review, 81( October), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelto-Piri, V., Engström, K., & Engström, I. (2014). Staffs’ perceptions of the ethical landscape in psychiatric inpatient care: A qualitative content analysis of ethical diaries [Article]. Clinical Ethics, 9(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477750914524069
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-García, S., Águila-Otero, A., González-García, C., Santos, I., & Del Valle, J. F. (2019). No one ever asked us. Young people’s evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs [Article]. Nadie nos ha preguntado nunca. La evaluación de los jóvenes sobre sus hogares de acogimiento residencial en tres programas diferentes, 31(3), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2019.129
   Google Scholar
• Roesch-Marsh, A. (2012). ‘Out of control’: Making sense of the behaviour of young people referred to secure accommodation. The British Journal of Social Work, 44(2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekol, I. (2013). Peer violence in adolescent residential care: A qualitative examination of contextual and peer factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(12), 1901–1912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. (1974). Depression and learned helplessness. In Katz, M. M., Friedman, R. J., Winston, V. H., & Wiley, J. (Eds.),The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research (pp. xvii, 318–xvii, 318). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Slaatto, A., Mellblom, A. V., Kleppe, L. C., Baugerud, G. A., & Kjøbli, J. (2021). Conflict prevention, de-escalation and restraint in children/youth inpatient and residential facilities: A systematic mapping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 127(august), 106069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106069
   Google Scholar
• Slaatto, A., Mellblom, A. V., Kleppe, L. C., & Baugerud, G. A. (2021). Safety in residential youth facilities: staff perceptions of safety and experiences of the “Basic training program in safety and security.” Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 39(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2021.1978035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strijbosch, E. L. L., Wissink, I. B., van der Helm, G. H. P., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2019). Building a positive group climate together: How monitoring instruments are part of an improvement process in residential care for children. Children and Youth Services Review, 96(January), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.051
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, C. (2009). Foundations of child and youth care. Kendall Hunt.
   Google Scholar
• Ten Brummelaar, M., Harder, A. T., Kalverboer, M. E., Post, W. J., & Knorth, E. J. (2018). Participation of youth in decision-making procedures during residential care: A narrative review. Child & Family Social Work, 23(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tew, J. (2006). Understanding power and powerlessness: towards a framework for emancipatory practice in social work. Journal of Social Work, 6(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017306062222
   Google Scholar
• Tjora, A. H. (2019). Qualitative research as stepwise-deductive induction (Vol. 26). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ungar, M., & Ikeda, J. (2017). Rules or no rules? Three strategies for engagement with young people in mandated services. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34(3), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0456-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bijleveld, G. G., Dedding, C. W. M., & Bunders-Aelen, J. F. G. (2015). Children’s and young people’s participation within child welfare and child protection services: A state-of-the-art review. Child & Family Social Work, 20(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Helm, G. H. P., Kuiper, C. H. Z., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018). Group climate and treatment motivation in secure residential and forensic youth care from the perspective of self determination theory. Children and Youth Services Review, 93(October), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.028
   Google Scholar
• Visser, K. M., Jansen, L. M. C., Popma, A., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Kasius, M. C. (2020). Addressing aggression in the residential setting for juveniles with mild intellectual disability through training in non-violent resistance. Child & Youth Care Forum, 50(2021), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-020-09576-z
   Google Scholar
• Warming, H. (2015). The life of children in care in Denmark: A struggle over recognition. Childhood, 22(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568214522838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warming, H., & Fahnøe, K. (2017). Social work and lived citizenship. In H. Warming & K. Fahnøe (Eds.), Lived citizenship on the edge of society (pp. 1-22). Rights, Belonging, Intimate Life and Spatiality. Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker, J. K., Holmes, L., Del Valle, J. F., Ainsworth, F., Andreassen, T., Anglin, J., Bellonci, C., Berridge, D., Bravo, A., Canali, C., Courtney, M., Currey, L., Daly, D., Gilligan, R., Grietens, H., Harder, A., Holden, M., James, S., Kendrick, A., … Zeira, A. (2016). Therapeutic residential care for children and youth: a consensus statement of the international work group on therapeutic residential care*. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 33(2), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2016.1215755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstanley, S., & Hales, L. (2014). A preliminary study of burnout in residential social workers experiencing workplace aggression: Might it be cyclical? The British Journal of Social Work, 45(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, I. M. (2011). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400839902
   Google Scholar