Primary headaches in patients with temporomandibular disorders: Diagnosis and treatment of central sensitization pain

References

• Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC/TMD consortium network and orofacial pain special interest group. J Oral Fac Pain Headache. 2014;28(1):6–27.10.11607/jop.1151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Introduction Merskey H. In: Giamberardino MA, Jensen TS, editors. Pain comorbidities: understanding and treating the complex patient. Seattle (WA): IASP Press; 2012. p. 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, et al. Evidence for central sensitization in chronic whiplash: A systematic literature review. Eur J Pain. 2013;17(3):299–312.10.1002/ejp.2013.17.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussel NA, Nijs J, Meeus M, et al. Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth? Clin J Pain. 2013;29(7):625–638.10.1097/AJP.0b013e31826f9a71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lluch E, Torres R, Nijs J, et al. Evidence for central sensitization in patients with osteoarthritis pain: A systematic literature review. Eur J Pain. 2014;18(10):1367–1375.10.1002/ejp.2014.18.issue-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(4):465–473.10.1007/s10067-006-0433-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashina S, Bendtsen L, Ashina M. Pathophysiology of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2005;9(6):415–422.10.1007/s11916-005-0021-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. Thermal hyperalgesia distinguishes those with severe pain and disability in unilateral lateral epicondylalgia. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):595–601.10.1097/AJP.0b013e31823dd333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Galán-del-Río F, Fernández-Carnero J, et al. Bilateral widespread mechanical pain sensitivity in women with myofascial temporomandibular disorder: evidence of impairment in central nociceptive processing. J Pain. 2009;10(11):1170–1178.10.1016/j.jpain.2009.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorduy KM, Liegey-Dougall A, Haggard R, et al. The prevalence of comorbid symptoms of central sensitization syndrome among three different groups of temporomandibular disorder patients. Pain Pract. 2013;13(8):604–613.10.1111/papr.2013.13.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soee AB, Thomsen LL, Kreiner S, et al. Altered pain perception in children with chronic tension-type headache: Is this a sign of central sensitisation? Cephalalgia. 2013;33(7):454–462.10.1177/0333102413476371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodick D, Silberstein S. Central sensitization theory of migraine: clinical implications. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2006;46:S182–S191.10.1111/hed.2006.46.issue-s4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeus M, Ickmans K, Struyf F, et al. Does acetaminophen activate endogenous pain inhibition in chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis? A double-blind randomized controlled cross-over trial. Pain Physician. 2013;16(2):E61–E70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijs J, Malfliet A, Ickmans K, et al. Treatment of central sensitization in patients with ‘unexplained’ chronic pain: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(12):1671–1683.10.1517/14656566.2014.925446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staud R, Craggs JG, Robinson ME, et al. Brain activity related to temporal summation of C-fiber evoked pain. Pain. 2007;129(1–2):130–142.10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health Quality Ontario. Neuroimaging for the evaluation of chronic headaches: an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2010;10(26):1–57.
   Google Scholar
• Staud R. Abnormal endogenous pain modulation is a shared characteristic of many chronic pain conditions. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(5):577–585.10.1586/ern.12.41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarnitsky D. Role of endogenous pain modulation in chronic pain mechanisms and treatment. Pain. 2015;156:S24–S31.10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460343.46847.58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuginski-Barbosa J, Macedo HR, Bigal ME, et al. Signs of temporomandibular disorders in migraine patients: a prospective, controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2010;26(5):418–421.10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181d10691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevilaqua GD, Lipton RB, Bigal ME. Temporomandibular disorders and migraine chronification. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009;13(4):314–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves DAG, Bigal ME, Jales LCF, et al. Headache and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder: an epidemiological study. Headache: J Head FacePain. 2010;50(2):231–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballegaard V, Thede-Schmidt-Hansen P, Svensson P, et al. Are headache and temporomandibular disorders related? A blinded study Cephalalgia. 2008;28(8):832–841.10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01597.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco AL, Goncalves DA, Castanharo SM, et al. Migraine is the most prevalent primary headache in individuals with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2010;24(3):287–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves DA, Camparis CM, Speciali JG, et al. Temporomandibular disorders are differentially associated with headache diagnoses: a controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(7):611–615.10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820e12f5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branco LP, Santis TO, Alfaya TA, et al. Association between headache and temporomandibular joint disorders in children and adolescents. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(1):39–43.10.2334/josnusd.55.39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raggi A, Giovannetti AM, Quintas R, et al. A systematic review of the psychosocial difficulties relevant to patients with migraine. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(8):595–606.10.1007/s10194-012-0482-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neblett R, Cohen H, Choi Y, et al. The central sensitization inventory (CSI): establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. J Pain. 2013;14(5):438–445.10.1016/j.jpain.2012.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruehl S, Apkarian AV, Ballantyne JC, et al. Personalized medicine and opioid analgesic prescribing for chronic pain: opportunities and challenges. J Pain. 2013;14(2):103–113.10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert F, Maihöfner C. Central mechanisms of experimental and chronic neuropathic pain: findings from functional imaging studies. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009;66(3):375–390.10.1007/s00018-008-8428-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen J, Steiner T. The international classification of headache disorders, 2nd edn (ICDH-II). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(6):808–811.10.1136/jnnp.2003.031286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Galán-del-Río F, Ortega-Santiago R, et al. Bilateral thermal hyperalgesia in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders. Exp Brain Res. 2010;202(1):171–179.10.1007/s00221-009-2121-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y. Advances in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache: from stress to central sensitization. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009;13(6):484–494.10.1007/s11916-009-0078-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezov D, Ashina S, Jensen R, et al. Pain perception studies in tension-type headache. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2011;51(2):262–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filatova E, Latysheva N, Kurenkov A. Evidence of persistent central sensitization in chronic headaches: a multi-method study. J Headache Pain. 2008;9(5):295–300.10.1007/s10194-008-0061-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson GC, John MT, Ohrbach R, et al. Influence of headache frequency on clinical signs and symptoms of TMD in subjects with temple headache and TMD pain. Pain. 2011;152(4):765–771.10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt-Nielsen L. Central sensitization in humans: assessment and pharmacology. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2015;227:79–102.10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ichesco E, Quintero A, Clauw DJ, et al. Altered functional connectivity between the insula and the cingulate cortex in patients with temporomandibular disorder: a pilot study. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2012;52(3):441–454.10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01998.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebel MB, Folger S, Tommerdahl M, et al. Temporomandibular disorder modifies cortical response to tactile stimulation. J Pain. 2010;11(11):1083–1094.10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp RA. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: Application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2010;15(2):135–141.10.1016/j.math.2009.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, et al. Clinical indicators of ‘nociceptive’, ‘peripheral neuropathic’ and ‘central’ mechanisms of musculoskeletal pain. A Delphi survey of expert clinicians. Man Ther. 2010;15(1):80–87.10.1016/j.math.2009.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, et al. The discriminative validity of “nociceptive”, “peripheral neuropathic”, and “central sensitization” as mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(8):655–663.10.1097/AJP.0b013e318215f16a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijs J, Torres-Cueco R, van Wilgen CP, et al. Applying modern pain neuroscience in clinical practice: criteria for the classification of central sensitization pain. Pain Physician. 2014;17(5):447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egloff N, Cámara RJ, von Känel R, et al. Pain drawings in somatoform-functional pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:257.10.1186/1471-2474-13-257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacey RJ, Lewis M, Jordan K, et al. Interrater reliability of scoring of pain drawings in a self-report health survey. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(16):E455–E458.10.1097/01.brs.0000174274.38485.ee
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardt A, Eich W, Janke S, et al. Chronic widespread back pain is distinct from chronic local back pain: evidence from quantitative sensory testing, pain drawings, and psychometrics. Clin J Pain. 2016;32(7):568–579.10.1097/AJP.0000000000000300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen TS, Baron R. Translation of symptoms and signs into mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Pain. 2003;102(1–2):1–8.10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00006-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlaković G, Petzke F. The role of quantitative sensory testing in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pain conditions. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010;12(6):455–461.10.1007/s11926-010-0131-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curatolo M. Diagnosis of altered central pain processing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(25):S200–S204.10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182387f3d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardt A, Hartmann M, Tesarz J, et al. Subgroups of musculoskeletal pain patients and their psychobiological patterns – the LOGIN study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(1):23.10.1186/1471-2474-13-136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neblett R, Hartzell MM, Cohen H, et al. Ability of the central sensitization inventory to identify central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(4):323–332.10.1097/AJP.0000000000000113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB. Role of central sensitization in symptoms beyond muscle pain, and the evaluation of a patient with widespread pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21(3):481–497.10.1016/j.berh.2007.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giamberardino MA, Affaitati G, Fabrizio A, et al. Myofascial pain syndromes and their evaluation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):185–198.10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dommerholt J. Dry needling — peripheral and central considerations. J Man Manip Ther. 2011;19(4):223–227.10.1179/106698111X13129729552065
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cagnie B, Dewitte V, Barbe T, et al. Physiologic effects of dry needling. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(8):348.10.1007/s11916-013-0348-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialosky JE, George SZ, Horn ME, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy–specific changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with low back pain (NCT01168999). J Pain. 2014;15(2):136–148.10.1016/j.jpain.2013.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry CD, O’Hearn MA, Courtney CA. Resolution of whiplash-associated allodynia following cervicothoracic thrust and non-thrust manipulation. Physiother Theory Pract. 2011;27(6):451–459.10.3109/09593985.2010.521542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson BJ. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): mechanisms of action. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18(10):915–921.10.1111/pan.2008.18.issue-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba Y, Kohase H, Oono Y, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine on conditioned pain modulation in humans. Eur J Pain. 2012;16(8):1137–1147.10.1002/ejp.2012.16.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt-Nielsen L, Andresen T, Malver LP, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of buprenorphine and fentanyl on descending pain modulation: a human experimental study. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):623–627.10.1097/AJP.0b013e31823e15cb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besson M, Matthey A, Daali Y, et al. GABAergic modulation in central sensitization in humans: a randomized placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study comparing clobazam with clonazepam in healthy volunteers. Pain. 2015;156(3):397–404.10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460331.33385.e8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzan E, Midbari A, Treister R, et al. Oxycodone alters temporal summation but not conditioned pain modulation: preclinical findings and possible relations to mechanisms of opioid analgesia. Pain. 2013;154(8):1413–1418.10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Muscle pain: sensory implications and interaction with motor control. Clin J Pain. 2008;24(4):291–298.10.1097/AJP.0b013e31815b608f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt-Nielsen L, Frøkjær JB, Staahl C, et al. Effects of gabapentin on experimental somatic pain and temporal summation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32(5):382–388.10.1097/00115550-200709000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christidis N, Ioannidou K, Milosevic M, et al. Changes of hypertonic saline–induced masseter muscle pain characteristics, by an infusion of the serotonin receptor type 3 antagonist granisetron. J Pain. 2008;9(10):892–901.10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte H, Segerdahl M, Graven-Nielsen T, et al. Reduction of human experimental muscle pain by alfentanil and morphine. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(8):733–741.10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Chen CF, Yu FY. Effects of pregabalin on central sensitization in patients with migraine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;53(4):277–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantello R, Varrasi C, Tarletti R, et al. Ketogenic diet: electrophysiological effects on the normal human cortex. Epilepsia. 2007;48(9):1756–1763.10.1111/epi.2007.48.issue-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juge N, Gray JA, Omote H, et al. Metabolic control of vesicular glutamate transport and release. Neuron. 2010;68(1):99–112.10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, et al. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(12):2041–2056.10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley L. Unraveling the barriers to reconceptualization of the problem in chronic pain: the actual and perceived ability of patients and health professionals to understand the neurophysiology. J Pain. 2003;4(4):184–189.10.1016/S1526-5900(03)00488-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, et al. Pain neurophysiology education improves cognitions, pain thresholds, and movement performance in people with chronic whiplash: A pilot study. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(1):43–58.10.1682/JRRD.2009.12.0206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman MD, Shepanski MA, MacKenzie SP, et al. Experimentally induced pain perception is acutely reduced by aerobic exercise in people with chronic low back pain. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(2):183–190.10.1682/JRRD.2004.06.0065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsgren S, Grimsholm O, Dalen T, et al. Measurements in the blood of brain-derived neortrophic factor (BDNF for RA patients and in response to Anti-TNF treatment help us to clarify the magnitude of centrally related pain and to explain the relief of this pain upon treatment. Int J Inflamm. 2011;2011:650685.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nijs J, Kosek E, Van Oosterwijck J, et al. Dysfunctional endogenous analgesia during exercise in patients with chronic pain: to exercise or not to exercise? Pain Physician. 2012;15(3):ES205–ES213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar