232
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Predicting attention and avoidance: When do avoiders attend?

&
Pages 729-747 | Received 25 Jan 2008, Accepted 25 Jan 2008, Published online: 21 Aug 2009

References

  • Bedeian , AG and Mossholder , KW . 1994 . Simple question, not so simple answer: Interpreting interaction terms in moderated multiple regression . Journal of Management , 20 ( 1 ) : 159 – 165 .
  • Bendig , W . 1956 . The development of a short form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 20 : 384
  • Bless , H , Bohner , G , Schwarz , N and Strack , F . 1990 . Mood and persuasion: A cognitive response analysis . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 16 : 331 – 345 .
  • Boden , JM and Baumeister , RF . 1997 . Repressive coping: Distraction using pleasant thoughts and memories . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 73 ( 1 ) : 45 – 62 .
  • Bonanno , GA , Davis , PJ , Singer , JL and Schwartz , GE . 1991 . The repressor personality and avoidant information processing: A dichotic listening study . Journal of Research in Personality , 25 : 386 – 401 .
  • Bressan , RA and Crippa , JA . 2005 . The role of dopamine in reward and pleasure behaviour–review of data from preclinical research . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 111 ( s427 ) : 14 – 21 .
  • Calvo , MG and Eysenck , MW . 2000 . Early vigilance and late avoidance of threat processing: Repressive coping versus low/high anxiety . Cognition and Emotion , 14 ( 6 ) : 763 – 787 .
  • Cohen , J and Cohen , P . 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Collins Wordbanks Online . 2003 . [Data file] , Retrieved February, 2003, from http://www.collins.co.uk/books.aspx?group=154
  • Crowne , DP and Marlowe , D . 1960 . A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 24 : 349 – 354 .
  • Egloff , B and Hock , M . 1997 . A comparison of two approaches to the assessment of coping styles . Personality and Individual Differences , 23 ( 5 ) : 913 – 916 .
  • Egloff , B and Hock , M . 1999 . When is an agreement between two methods for assessing coping styles “good”? A reply to Mendolia . Personality and Individual Differences , 27 : 1021 – 1023 .
  • Epping-Jordan , MP , Watkins , SS , Koob , GF and Markou , A . 1998 . Dramatic decrease in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal . Nature , 393 : 76 – 79 .
  • Fear , CF and Healy , D . 1996 . The use of the emotional Stroop test to establish the onset and efficacy of antipsychotic activity . Human Psychopharmacology , 11 : 373 – 377 .
  • Fox , E . 1994 . Attentional bias in anxiety: A defective inhibition hypothesis . Cognition and Emotion , 8 ( 2 ) : 165 – 195 .
  • Furnham , A , Petrides , KV and Spencer-Bowdage , S . 2002 . The effects of different types of social desirability on the identification of repressors . Personality and Individual Differences , 33 : 119 – 130 .
  • Gross , TM , Jarvik , ME and Rosenblatt , MR . 1993 . Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference . Psychopharmacology , 110 : 332 – 336 .
  • Heatherton , TF , Kozlowski , LT , Frecker , RC and Fagerström , K . 1991 . The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire . British Journal of Addiction , 86 : 1119 – 1127 .
  • Holle , C , Neely , JH and Heimberg , RG . 1997 . The effects of blocked versus random presentation and semantic relatedness of stimulus words on response to a modified Stroop task among social phobics . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 21 ( 6 ) : 681 – 697 .
  • Ishihara , S . 1939 . Tests for colour-blindness , Tokyo : Kanehara & Co., Ltd. .
  • Johnsen , BH , Thayer , JF , Laberg , JC and Asbjornsen , AE . 1997 . Attentional bias in active smokers, abstinent smokers, and nonsmokers . Addictive Behaviors , 22 ( 6 ) : 813 – 817 .
  • Kindt , M , Bierman , D and Brosschot , JF . 1996 . Stroop versus Stroop: Comparison of a card format and a single-trial format of the standard colour-word Stroop task adn the emotional Stroop task . Personality and Individual Differences , 21 : 653 – 661 .
  • Klein , R , Knäuper , B and Lee , L . The role of self-relevance in the cognitive avoidance of physical threat , McGill University . Manuscript under review, (in press)
  • Krohne , HW . 1996 . “ Individual differences in coping ” . In Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications , Edited by: Zeidner , M and Endler , NS . 381 – 409 . New York : Wiley .
  • Krohne , HW , Hock , M and Kohlmann , CW . 1992 . “ Coping dispositions, uncertainty, and emotional arousal ” . In International review of studies on emotion , Edited by: Strongman , KT . Vol. 2 , 73 – 95 . Chichester : Wiley .
  • Krohne , HW , Egloff , B , Varner , LJ , Burns , LR , Weidner , G and Ellis , HC . 2000 . The assessment of dispositional vigilance and cognitive avoidance: Factorial structure, psychometric properties, and validity of the Mainz coping inventory . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 24 ( 3 ) : 297 – 311 .
  • Mendolia , M . 1999 . Repressors’ appraisals of emotional stimuli in threatening and nonthreatening positive emotional contexts . Journal of Research in Personality , 33 : 1 – 26 .
  • Mendolia , M . 2002 . An index of self-regulation of emotion and the study of repression in social contexts that threaten or do not threaten self-concept . Emotion , 2 ( 3 ) : 215 – 232 .
  • Mendolia , M , Moore , J and Tesser , A . 1996 . Dispositional and situational determinants of repression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 ( 4 ) : 856 – 867 .
  • Miller , S . 1987 . Monitoring and Blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assess styles of information seeking under threat . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 ( 2 ) : 345 – 353 .
  • Miller , SM and Mangan , CE . 1983 . Interesting effects of information and coping style in adapting to gynaecological stress: Should a doctor tell all? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 : 223 – 236 .
  • Mogg , K , Bradley , BP , Dixon , C , Fisher , S , Twelftree , H and McWilliams , A . 2000 . Trait anxiety, defensiveness and selective processing of threat: An investigation using two measures of attentional bias . Personality and Individual Differences , 28 : 1063 – 1077 .
  • Muris , P , Merckelbach , H and de Jongh , A . 1995 . Color-naming of dentist-related words: Role of coping style, dental anxiety, and trait anxiety . Personality and Individual Differences , 18 ( 5 ) : 685 – 688 .
  • Myers , LB and Derakshan , N . 2000 . Monitoring and blunting and an assessment of different coping styles . Personality and Individual Differences , 28 : 111 – 121 .
  • Powell , J , Tait , S and Lessiter , J . 2002 . Cigarette smoking and attention to signals of reward and threat in the Stroop paradigm . Addiction , 97 : 1163 – 1170 .
  • Robinson , TE and Berridge , KC . 1993 . The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive sensitisation theory of addiction . Brain Research Reviews , 18 : 247 – 291 .
  • Robinson , TE and Berridge , KC . 2000 . The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: An incentive-sensitisation view . Addiction , 95 : S91 – S117 .
  • Rusted , JM , Caulfield , L , King , L and Goode , A . 2000 . Moving out of the laboratory: Does nicotine improve everyday attention? . Behavioural Pharmacology , 11 : 621 – 629 .
  • Sasco , AJ , Secretan , MB and Straif , K . 2004 . Tobacco smoking and cancer: A brief review of recent epidemiological evidence . Lung Cancer , 45 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S3 – S9 .
  • Turvey , C and Salovey , P . 1993–1994 . Measures of repression: Converging on the same construct? . Imagination, Cognition and Personality , 13 ( 4 ) : 279 – 289 .
  • Waters , AJ , Shiffman , S , Sayette , MA , Paty , JA , Gwaltney , CJ and Balabanis , MH . 2004 . Cue-provoked craving and nicotine replacement therapy in smoking cessation . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 ( 6 ) : 1136 – 1143 .
  • Weinberger , DA , Schwartz , GE and Davidson , RJ . 1979 . Low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressive coping styles: Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 88 ( 4 ) : 369 – 380 .
  • Williams , MG , Mathews , A and MacLeod , C . 1996 . The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology . Psychological Bulletin , 120 ( 1 ) : 3 – 24 .
  • Worth , LT and Mackie , DM . 1987 . Cognitive mediation of positive affect in persuasion . Social Cognition , 5 : 76 – 94 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.