Disentangling the relation between intentions, planning, and behaviour: A moderated mediation analysis

References

• Abraham , C , Sheeran , P and Johnston , M . 1998 . From health beliefs to self-regulation: Theoretical advances in the psychology of action control . Psychology and Health , 13 : 569 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADA . 2005 . Cleaning your teeth and gums (Oral hygiene) , Retrieved May 11, 2007, from http://www.ada.org/public/topics/cleaning_faq.asp#4
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen , I . 1991 . The theory of planned behavior . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 179 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen , I . 2002 . Residual effects of past on later behavior: Habituation and reasoned action perspectives . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 6 : 107 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader , HI . 1998 . Floss or die: Implications for dental professionals . Dentistry Today , 17 : 80 – 82 . 76–78
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy , P , Barlow , A , Puri , G , Wright , KI , Mussett , A and Zhou , X . 2004 . A new in vivo interdental sampling method comparing a daily flossing regime versus a manual brush control . Journal of Clinical Dentistry , 15 : 59 – 65 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Booth , ML . 2000 . Assessment of physical activity: An international perspective . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 71 : 114 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner , M and Godin , G . 2007 . Temporal stability of behavioural intention as a moderator of intention-health behaviour relationships . Psychology and Health , 22 : 875 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , JR and Lambert , LS . 2007 . Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis . Psychological Methods , 12 : 1 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders , CK . 2001 . A primer on maximum likelihood algorithms available for use with missing data . Structural Equation Modeling , 8 : 128 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer , PM . 1999 . Implementation intentions: Strong effects on simple plans . American Psychologist , 54 : 493 – 503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippke , S , Ziegelmann , JP and Schwarzer , R . 2004 . Initiation and maintenance of physical exercise: Stage-specific effects of a planning intervention . Research in Sports Medicine , 12 : 221 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , DP , Lockwood , CM and Williams , J . 2004 . Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 : 99 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux , JE and Rogers , RW . 1983 . Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 19 : 469 – 479 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaul , KD , Glasgow , RE and Gustafson , C . 1985 . Predicting levels of preventive dental behaviors . Journal of the American Dental Association , 111 : 601 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , DJ , Freedson , PS and Kline , GM . 1994 . Comparison of activity levels using the Caltrac accelerometer and five questionnaires . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 26 : 376 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman , P and Conner , M . 2005 . The theory of planned behavior and exercise: Evidence for the mediating and moderating roles of planning on intention-behavior relationships . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 27 : 488 – 504 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher , KJ and Hayes , AF . 2004 . SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 36 : 717 – 731 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preacher , KJ , Rucker , DD and Hayes , AF . 2007 . Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 42 : 185 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priester , JR and Petty , RE . 1996 . The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 431 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuter , T , Ziegelmann , JP , Wiedemann , AU , Lippke , S and Schüz , B . 2007 . Beyond good resolutions: Planning mediates the intention-behavior relation as a function of age , Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Rise , J , Åstrøm , AN and Sutton , S . 1998 . Predicting intentions and use of dental floss among adolescents: An application of the theory of planned behavior . Psychology and Health , 13 : 223 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , U , Schüz , B , Ziegelmann , JP , Lippke , S and Schwarzer , R . Beyond behavioural intentions: Planning mediates between intentions and physical activity . British Journal of Health Psychology , (in press)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , U , Sniehotta , FF and Schwarzer , R . 2005 . Predicting physical exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of phase-specific self-efficacy beliefs . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 27 : 135 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schüz , B , Sniehotta , FF , Wiedemann , A and Seemann , R . 2006 . Adherence to a daily flossing regimen in university students: Effects of planning when, where, how, and what to do in the face of barriers . Journal of Clinical Periodontology , 33 : 612 – 619 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer , R , Schüz , B , Ziegelmann , JP , Lippke , S , Luszczynska , A and Scholz , U . 2007 . Adoption and maintenance of four health behaviors: Theory-guided longitudinal studies on dental flossing, seat belt use, dietary behavior, and physical activity . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 33 : 156 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeran , P . 2002 . “ Intention-behaviour relations: A conceptual and empirical review ” . In European review of social psychology , Edited by: Hewstone , M and Stroebe , W . Vol. 12 , 1 – 36 . Chichester, , UK : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Sheeran , P , Milne , S , Webb , TL and Gollwitzer , PM . 2005 . “ Implementation intentions and health behaviours ” . In Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models , 2nd , Edited by: Conner , M and Norman , P . 276 – 323 . Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sheeran , P , Webb , TL and Gollwitzer , PM . 2005 . The interplay between goal intentions and implementation intentions . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31 : 87 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniehotta , FF , Araújo-Soares , V and Dombrowski , SU . 2007 . Randomised controlled trial of a one-minute intervention changing oral self-care behaviour . Journal of Dental Research , 86 : 641 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniehotta , FF , Scholz , U and Schwarzer , R . 2005 . Bridging the intention-behaviour gap: Planning, self-efficacy and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise . Psychology and Health , 20 : 143 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniehotta , FF , Schwarzer , R , Scholz , U and Schüz , B . 2005 . Action Planning and Coping Planning for Long-Term Lifestyle Change: Theory and Assessment . European Journal of Social Psychology , 35 : 565 – 576 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton , S . 2008 . How does the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Bridge the intention-behavior gap? An examination of the model's causal structure . Applied Psychology. An International Review , 57 ( 1 ) : 66 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , KM , Terry , DJ and Hogg , MA . 1994 . Safer sex behavior: The roles of attitudes, norms and control factors . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 2164 – 2192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willich , SN , Muller-Nordhorn , J , Kulig , M , Binting , S Gohlke , H . 2001 . Cardiac risk factors, medication, and recurrent clinical events after acute coronary disease: A prospective cohort study . European Heart Journal , 22 : 276 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WMA . 2004 . World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical Research involving human subjects , Retrieved May 11, 2007, from http://www.wma.net/e/policy/pdf/17c.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ziegelmann , JP , Luszczynska , A , Lippke , S and Schwarzer , R . 2007 . Are goal intentions or implementation intentions better predictors of health behavior? A longitudinal study in orthopedic rehabilitation . Rehabilitation Psychology , 52 : 97 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar