Initial responses to the first dose of nicotine in novel smokers: The role of exposure to environmental smoking and genetic predisposition

References

• Al-Delaimy, W., Fraser, T., & Woodward, A. (2001). Nicotine in hair of bar and restaurant workers. New Zealand Medical Journal, 114, 80–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen, N., & Murray, R. (2005). A new childhood pathway for transmission of an increased likelihood of smoking? Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173, 382–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.Audrain-McGovern, J.T.Nigg, & K.Perkin (2009). Endophenotypes for nicotine dependence risk at or before initial nicotine exposure. In G.E.Swan, T.B.Baker, L.Chassin, D.V.Conti, C.Lerman, & K.A.Perkins (Eds.), Phenotypes and endophenotypes: Foundations for genetic studies of nicotine use and dependence. National Cancer Institute Monograph, No. 22 (Chap. 8, pp. 337–386). Retrieved February 4, 2014, from http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/20/m20_8.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Balfour, D. J. (2004). The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: A preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 899–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrendero, F., Kieffer, B. L., & Maldonado, R. (2002). Attenuation of nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and dependence in mu-opioid receptor knock-out mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 10935–10940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, A., Koch, T., Schroder, H., Schulz, S., & Hollt, V. (2004). Effect of the A118G polymorphism on binding affinity, potency and agonist-mediated endocytosis, desensitization, and resensitization of the human mu-opioid receptor. Journal of Neurochemistry, 89, 553–560. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02340.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, C., LaForge, K. S., Tian, M., Melia, D., Zhang, S., Borg, L., … Yu, L. (1998). Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human mu opioid receptor gene alters beta-endorphin binding and activity: Possible implications for opiate addiction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, 9608–9613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody, A. L., Mukhin, A. G., La Charite, J., Ta, K., Farahi, J., Sugar, C. A., … Mandelkern, M. A. (2012). Up-regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in menthol cigarette smokers. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, 1–10. doi:10.1017/S1461145712001022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Stacy, A., Zheng, H., Shan, J., Spruijt-Metz, D., Unger, J., … Ph, D. A. (2003). Sensations from initial exposure to nicotine predicting adolescent smoking in China: A potential measure of vulnerability to nicotine. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5, 455–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit, H., & Phillips, T. J. (2012). Do initial responses to drugs predict future use or abuse? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1565–1576. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Fletcher, K., Ockene, J. K., Rigotti, N. A., McNeill, A. D., … Wood, C. (2004). Recollections and repercussions of the first inhaled cigarette. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 261–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Fletcher, K., Pbert, L., O’Loughlin, J., McNeill, A. D., …. Wellman, R. J. (2007). Susceptibility to nicotine dependence: the development and assessment of nicotine dependence in youth 2 study. Pediatrics, 120, e974–e983. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Rigotti, N. A., Ockene, J. K., McNeill, A. D., Coleman, M., & Wood, C. (2004). Trait anxiety and nicotine dependence in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 911–919. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimich-Ward, H., Gee, H., Brauer, M., & Leung, V. (1997). Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 39, 946–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flay, B. R., Hu, F. B., Siddiqui, O., Day, L. E., Hedeker, D., Petraitis, J., Richardson, J., & Sussman, S. (1994). Differential influence of parental smoking and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 248–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauderman. (2002). Sample size requirements for association studies of gene-gene interaction. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155, 478–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Matthes, J. (2009). Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 924–936. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.3.924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, M. C., Davies, M., & Kandel, D. B. (2006). Epidemiology and correlates of daily smoking and nicotine dependence among young adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 299–308. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.057232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis, M. J., Russell, M. A., & Feyerabend, C. (1983). Absorption of nicotine and carbon monoxide from passive smoking under natural conditions of exposure. Thorax, 38, 829–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, E. O., Chen, L. S., Breslau, N., Hatsukami, D., Robbins, T., Saccone, N. L., … Bierut, L. J. (2010). Peer smoking and the nicotinic receptor genes: An examination of genetic and environmental risks for nicotine dependence. Addiction, 105, 2014–2022. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03074.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, D. B., Hu, M. C., Griesler, P. C., & Schaffran, C. (2007). On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 91, 26–39. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinjan, M., DiFranza, J. R., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2013). Parental smoke exposure and the development of nicotine craving in adolescent novice smokers: The Roles of DRD2, DRD4, and OPRM1 genotypes (Manuscript under review).
   Google Scholar
• Kleinjan, M., Poelen, E. A., Engels, R. C., & Verhagen, M. (2013). Dual growth of adolescent smoking and drinking: Evidence for an interaction between the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism and sex. Addiction Biology, 18, 1003–1012. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00422.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinjan, M., Wanner, B., Vitaro, F., Van den Eijnden, R. J., Brug, J., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Nicotine dependence subtypes among adolescent smokers: Examining the occurrence, development and validity of distinct symptom profiles. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 61–74. doi:10.1037/a0018543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluger, A. N., Siegfried, Z., & Ebstein, R. P. (2002). A meta-analysis of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, 712–717. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremers, S. P., Mudde, A. N., & de Vries, H. (2001). “Kicking the Initiation”: Do adolescent ex-smokers differ from other groups within the initiation continuum? Preventive Medicine, 33, 392–401. doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laucht, M., Becker, K., El-Faddagh, M., Hohm, E., & Schmidt, M. H. (2005). Association of the DRD4 exon III polymorphism with smoking in fifteen-year-olds: A mediating role for novelty seeking? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 477–484. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000155980.01792.7f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laucht, M., Becker, K., Frank, J., Schmidt, M. H., Esser, G., Treutlein, J., … Schumann, G. (2008). Genetic variation in dopamine pathways differentially associated with smoking progression in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 673–681. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816bff77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardi-Bee, J., Jere, M. L., & Britton, J. (2011). Exposure to parental ad sibling smoking and the risk of smoking uptake in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 66, 847–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman, C. E., Schnoll, R. A., & Munafo, M. R. (2007). Genetics and smoking cessation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, S398–S405. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, M. J., Stitzel, J. A., & Collins, A. C. (1989). Genetic influences on nicotine responses. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 33, 667–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson, K. W., Oreland, L., Kronstrand, R., & Leppert, J. (2009). Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 114, 100–107. doi:10.1080/03009730902833406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble, E. P. (2003). D2 dopamine receptor gene in psychiatric and neurologic disorders and its phenotypes. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 116B, 103–125. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R. J., Kozlowski, L. T., Vandenbergh, D. J., Strasser, A. A., Grant, M. D., & Vogler, G. P. (2005). An examination of early smoking experiences and smoking status in a national cross-sectional sample. Addiction, 100, 1352–1357. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01194.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okoli, C. T., Richardson, C. G., & Johnson, J. L. (2008). An examination of the relationship between adolescents’ initial smoking experience and their exposure to peer and family member smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1183–1191. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.04.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otten, R., Engels, R. C., & Prinstein, M. J. (2009). A prospective study of perception in adolescent smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 478–484. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. A., Coddington, S. B., Karelitz, J. L., Jetton, C., Scott, J. A., Wilson, A. S., & Lerman, C. (2009). Variability in initial nicotine sensitivity due to sex, history of other drug use, and parental smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99, 47–57. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. A., Lerman, C., Coddington, S., Jetton, C., Karelitz, J. L., Wilson, A., … Jennings, J. Richard (2008). Gene and gene by sex associations with initial sensitivity to nicotine in nonsmokers. Behavioural Pharmacology, 19, 630–640. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32830c3621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. A., Lerman, C., Coddington, S., & Karelitz, J. L. (2008). Association of retrospective early smoking experiences with prospective sensitivity to nicotine via nasal spray in nonsmokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10, 1335–1345. doi:10.1080/14622200802238886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. A., Lerman, C., Grottenthaler, A., Ciccocioppo, M. M., Milanak, M., Conklin, C. A., … Benowitz, N. L. (2008). Dopamine and opioid gene variants are associated with increased smoking reward and reinforcement owing to negative mood. Behavioural Pharmacology, 19, 641–649. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32830c367c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters, S., Van der Zwaluw, C. S., Van der Vorst, H., Wiers, R. W., Smeets, H., … Engels, R. C. M. E. (2012). The moderating effect of alcohol-specific parental rule-setting on the relation between the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and alcohol use in young adolescents. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47, 663–670. doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohjalainen, T., Rinne, J. O., Nagren, K., Lehikoinen, P., Anttila, K., Syvalahti, E. K., & Hietala, J. (1998). The A1 allele of the human D2 dopamine receptor gene predicts low D2 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Molecular Psychiatry, 3, 256–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock, V. E. (1992). Meta-analysis of subjective sensitivity to alcohol in sons of alcoholics. [Meta-Analysis Research Support, US Gov’t, P.H.S.]. American Journal Psychiatry, 149, 1534–1538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau, O. F. (1995). Individual differences in sensitivity to nicotine: Implications for genetic research on nicotine dependence [Research Support, US Gov’t, P.H.S. Review]. Behavior Genetics, 25, 161–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau, O. F., Collins, A. C., Shiffman, S., & Pomerleau, C. S. (1993). Why some people smoke and others do not: New perspectives. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 723–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau, O. F., Pomerleau, C. S., Mehringer, A. M., Snedecor, S. M., & Cameron, O. G. (2005). Validation of retrospective reports of early experiences with smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 607–611. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racicot, S., McGrath, J. J., Karp, I., & O’Loughlin, J. (2012). Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the nicotine dependence in teens study. Drug Alcohol Depend, 130, 38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racicot, S., McGrath, J. J., & O’Loughlin, J. (2011). An investigation of social and pharmacological exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke as possible predictors of perceived nicotine dependence, smoking susceptibility, and smoking expectancies among never-smoking youth. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13, 926–933. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, R., Jepson, C., Patterson, F., Strasser, A., Rukstalis, M., Perkins, K., … Lerman, C. (2006). Association of OPRM1 A118G variant with the relative reinforcing value of nicotine. Psychopharmacology, 188, 355–363. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0504-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, C. G., Okoli, C. T., Ratner, P. A., & Johnson, J. L. (2010). Empirical support for a multi-dimensional model of sensations experienced by youth during their initial smoking episodes. Addiction, 105, 1827–1834. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03041.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riedel, B. W., Blitstein, J. L., Robinson, L. A., Murray, D. M., & Klesges, R. C. (2003). The reliability and predictive value of adolescents' reports of initial reactions to smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5, 553–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartor, C. E., Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Scherrer, J. F., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A., Pergadia, M. L., … Xian, H. (2010). Initial response to cigarettes predicts rate of progression to regular smoking: Findings from an offspring-of-twins design. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 771–778. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schechter, M. D., Meehan, S. M., & Schechter, J. B. (1995). Genetic selection for nicotine activity in mice correlates with conditioned place preference. European Journal of Pharmacology, 279, 59–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuck, K., Otten, R., Engels, R. C., & Kleinjan, M. (2011). The relative role of nicotine dependence and smoking-related cognitions in adolescents’ process of smoking cessation. Psychology & Health, 26, 1310–1326. doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.520715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuck, K., Otten, R., Engels, R. C., & Kleinjan, M. (2012). The role of environmental smoking in smoking-related cognitions and susceptibility to smoking in never-smoking 9–12 year-old children. Addictive Behaviors, 37, 1400–1405. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, E., Shah, H. P., Davenport, J. J., Geier, J. E., Yavarovich, K. R., Yamada, H., ... Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2010). Tobacco smoke exposure induces nicotine dependence in rats. Psychopharmacology, 208, 143–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stivoro (2011). Smoking, the hard facts. [Roken, de harde feiten]. Den Haag. Retrieved from http://www.stivoro.nl/Upload/Feiten%20en%20cijfers/Fact%20sheet%20RJM%202011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J., Thomas, N., Singleton, A., Piggott, M., Lloyd, S., Perry, E. K., … Court, J. A. (1997). D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) Taql A polymorphism: Reduced dopamine D2 receptor binding in the human striatum associated with the A1 allele. Pharmacogenetics, 7, 479–484 [Research Support, Non-US Gov’t].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urban, R. (2010). Early smoking experience in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 612–615. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urban, R., & Sutfin, E. (2010). Do early smoking experiences count in development of smoking?: Temporal stability and predictive validity of an early smoking experience questionnaire in adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12, 1265–1269. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zwaluw, C. S., Larsen, H., & Engels, R. C. (2012). Best friends and alcohol use in adolescence: the role of the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Addiction Biology, 17, 1036–1045. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00305.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhagen, M., Kleinjan, M., & Engels, R. C. (2012). A systematic review of the A118G (Asn40Asp) variant of OPRM1 in relation to smoking initiation, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation. Pharmacogenomics, 13, 917–933. doi:10.2217/pgs.12.76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vezina, P., McGehee, D. S., & Green, W. N. (2007). Exposure to nicotine and sensitization of nicotine-induced behaviors. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 31, 1625–1638. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaro, F., Wanner, B., Brendgen, M., Gosselin, C., & Gendreau, P. L. (2004). Differential contribution of parents and friends to smoking trajectories during adolescence. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 831–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voisey, J., Swagell, C. D., Hughes, I. P., van Daal, A., Noble, E. P., Lawford, B. R., & Morris, C. P. (2012). A DRD2 and ANKK1 haplotype is associated with nicotine dependence. Psychiatry Research, 196, 285–289. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wand, G., Levine, M., Zweifel, L., Schwindinger, W., & Abel, T. (2001). The cAMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway modulates ethanol consumption and sedative effects of ethanol [Research Support, Non-US Gov’t Research Support, US Gov’t, P.H.S.]. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 5297–5303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M. Q., Fitzhugh, E. C., Trucks, J., Cowdery, J., & Perko, M. (1995). Physiological sensations of initial smoking in the development of regular smoking behavior. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80, 1131–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, H., Bishnoi, M., Keijzers, K. F., van Tuijl, I. A., Small, E., Shah, H. P., … Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2010). Preadolescent tobacco smoke exposure leads to acute nicotine dependence but does not affect the rewarding effects of nicotine or nicotine withdrawal in adulthood in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 95, 401–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Johnson, A. D., Papp, A. C., & Sadee, W. (2005). Allelic expression imbalance of human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) caused by variant A118G. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 32618–32624. doi:10.1074/jbc.M504942200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar