A randomized controlled trial of expressive writing in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema

References

• American Cancer Society. (2014). Cancer treatment and survivorship facts and figures 2014–2015. Atlanta, GA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Brady, M. J., Cella, D. F., Mo, F., Bonomi, A. E., Tulsky, D. S., Lloyd, S. R., … Shiomoto, G. (1997). Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) quality of life instrument. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3, 974–986.10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.974
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, L. D., & Nicholls, G. (1998). Expression of stressful experiences through writing: Effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists. Health Psychology, 17(1), 84–92. 10.1037/0278-6133.17.1.84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, B. J. (1997). Women’s experiences of lymphedema. Oncology Nursing Forum, 24, 875–882.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carver, C. S., Lehman, J. M., & Antoni, M. H. (2003). Dispositional pessimism predicts illness-related disruption of social and recreational activities among breast cancer patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 813–821. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conlon, M., & Anderson, G. C. (1990). Three methods of random assignment: Comparison of balance achieved on potentially confounding variables. Nursing Research, 39, 376–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coster, S., Poole, K., & Fallowfield, L. J. (2001). The validation of a quality of life scale to assess the impact of arm morbidity in breast cancer patients post-operatively. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 68, 273–282.10.1023/A:1012278023233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft, M. A., Davis, G. C., & Paulson, R. M. (2013). Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69, 305–315. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06008.x10.1111/jan.2013.69.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. D., Lam, S., Stanton, A. L., Taylor, S. E., Bower, J. E., & Sherman, D. K. (2007). Does self-affirmation, cognitive processing, or discovery of meaning explain cancer-related health benefits of expressive writing? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 238–250. 10.1177/014616720629441210.1177/0146167206294412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epping-Jordan, J. E., Compas, B. E., & Howell, D. C. (1994). Predictors of cancer progression in young adult men and women: Avoidance, intrusive thoughts, and psychological symptoms. Health Psychology, 13(6), 539–547. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu/10.1037/0278-6133.13.6.53910.1037/0278-6133.13.6.539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FACIT Administration and Scoring Guidelines. (n.d.). FACIT.org. Retrieved from http://www.facit.org/FACITOrg/Questionnaires
   Google Scholar
• Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823–865. 10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.82310.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gärtner, R., Jensen, M.-B., Kronborg, L., Ewertz, M., Kehlet, H., & Kroman, N. (2010). Self-reported arm-lymphedema and functional impairment after breast cancer treatment – A nationwide study of prevalence and associated factors. Breast, 19, 506–515. 10.1016/j.breast.2010.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, M. A., & Stone, A. A. (1992). Emotional disclosure about traumas and its relation to health: effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., … Sterne, J. A. C. (2011). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 343. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218.10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Society of Lymphedema (2003). The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema. Consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology, 36, 84–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen-Johansen, M. B., Christensen, S., Valdimarsdottir, H., Zakowski, S., Jensen, A. B., Bovbjerg, D. H., & Zachariae, R. (2013). Effects of an expressive writing intervention on cancer-related distress in Danish breast cancer survivors – Results from a nationwide randomized clinical trial. Psycho-Oncology, 22, 1492–1500. doi:10.1002/pon.3193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launois, L., Megnigbeto, A. C., LeLay, K., Pocquet, K., & Alloit, F. (2002). A specific quality of life scale in upper limb lymphoedema: The ULL-27 Questionnaire. Lymphology, 35, 181–187. doi:10.1016/S1098-3015(11)71503-0
   Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M., & Wilson, D. (2001). Practical meta-analysis (Vol. 49). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Low, C. A., Stanton, A. L., Bower, J. E., & Gyllenhammer, L. (2010). A randomized controlled trial of emotionally expressive writing for women with metastatic breast cancer. Health Psychology, 29, 460–466. doi:10.1037/a0020153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, T. (2001). Effects of future writing and optimism on health behaviors in HIV-infected women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 26–33. doi:10.1207/S15324796ABM2301_5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megens, A. M., Harris, S. R., Kim-Sing, C., & McKenzie, D. C. (2001). Measurement of upper extremity volume in women after axillary dissection for breast cancer. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82, 1639–1644. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.26822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merz, E. L., Fox, R. S., & Malcarne, V. L. (2014). Expressive writing interventions in cancer patients: A systematic review. Health Psychology Review, 8, 339–361. doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.882007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milbury, K., Spelman, A., Wood, C., Matin, S. F., Tannir, N., Jonasch, E., … Cohen, L. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of expressive writing for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32, 663–670. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3532
   Google Scholar
• Niles, A. N., Haltom, K. E. B., Mulvenna, C. M., Lieberman, M. D., & Stanton, A. L. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of expressive writing for psychological and physical health: The moderating role of emotional expressivity. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 27(1), 1–17. doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.802308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passik, S. D., & McDonald, M. V. (1998). Psychosocial aspects of upper extremity lymphedema in women treated for breast carcinoma. Cancer, 83(Suppl. 12 American), 2817–2820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 274–281.10.1037/0021-843X.95.3.274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W., & Susman, J. R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and psychosomatic processes. Social Science & Medicine, 26, 327–332.10.1016/0277-9536(88)90397-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusic, A. L., Cemal, Y., Albornoz, C., Klassen, A., Cano, S., Sulimanoff, I., … Mehrara, B. (2013). Quality of life among breast cancer patients with lymphedema: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments and outcomes. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 7, 83–92. doi:10.1007/s11764-012-0247-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, H. N., Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2006). Self-regulation processes and health: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Journal of Personality, 74, 1721–1748. http://doi.org/JOPY426;10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00426.x10.1111/jopy.2006.74.issue-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridner, S. H. (2005). Quality of life and a symptom cluster associated with breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema. Supportive Care in Cancer, 13, 904–911. doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0810-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridner, S. H., Sinclair, V., Deng, J., Bonner, C. M., Kidd, N., & Dietrich, M. S. (2012). Breast cancer survivors with lymphedema: Glimpses of their daily lives. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16, 609–614. doi:10.1188/12.CJON.609-614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078.10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 174–184. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu/10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.17410.1037/0022-006X.66.1.174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth, J. M., & Greenberg, M. A. (2000). Scriptotherapy: The effects of writing about traumatic events. In P. R. Duberstein & J. M. Masling (Eds.), Psychodynamic perspectives on sickness and health (pp. 121–160). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Smyth, J. M., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2001). What are the health effects of disclosure? In A. Baum, T. A. Revenson, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology (pp. 339–345). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Smyth, J. M., Anderson, C. F., Hockemeyer, J. R., & Stone, A. A. (2002). Does emotional non-expressiveness or avoidance interfere with writing about stressful life events? An analysis in patients with chronic illness. Psychology & Health, 17, 561–569. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu/10.1080/0887044029002577710.1080/08870440290025777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Sworowski, L. A., Collins, C. A., Branstetter, A. D., Rodriguez-Hanley, A., … Austenfeld, J. L. (2002). Randomized, controlled trial of written emotional expression and benefit finding in breast cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 4160–4168. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.08.521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velanovich, V., & Szymanski, W. (1999). Quality of life of breast cancer patients with lymphedema. The American Journal of Surgery, 177, 184–188; discussion 188.10.1016/S0002-9610(99)00008-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, B. L., Nail, L. M., & Croyle, R. T. (1999). Does emotional expression make a difference in reactions to breast cancer? Oncology Nursing Forum, 26, 1025–1032.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zachariae, R., & O’Toole, M. S. (2015). The effect of expressive writing intervention on psychological and physical health outcomes in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 24, 1349–1359. 10.1002/pon.3802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakowski, S. G., Ramati, A., Morton, C., Johnson, P., & Flanigan, R. (2004). Written emotional disclosure buffers the effects of social constraints on distress among cancer patients. Health Psychology, 23, 555–563. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.6.555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar