3,430
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

, &
Pages 1073-1104 | Received 22 Nov 2018, Accepted 26 Mar 2019, Published online: 18 Jun 2019

References

  • Alfieri, S., Paolo, G., Marta, E., & Saturni, V. (2016). Economic crisis and blood donation: How are donors' motivations changing? Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 55(3), 396–400. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2016.03.001
  • Allpress, J. A., Brown, R., Giner-Sorolla, R., Deonna, J. A., & Teroni, F. (2014). Two faces of group-based shame: Moral shame and image shame differentially predict positive and negative orientations to in-group wrongdoing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(10), 1270–1284. doi:10.1177/0146167214540724
  • Alvaro, E. M., Siegel, J. T., & Jones, S. P. (2011). Increasing organ donor registration rates by providing an immediate and complete registration opportunity: An experimental assessment of the IIFF model. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(6), 686–694. doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.564353
  • Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2007). A dynamic model of guilt: Implications for motivation and self-regulation in the context of prejudice. Psychological Science, 18(6), 524–530. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01933.x
  • Amoyal, N. R., Robbins, M. L., Paiva, A. L., Burditt, C., Kessler, D., & Shaz, B. H. (2013). Measuring the processes of change for increasing blood donation in black adults. Transfusion, 53(6), 1280–1290. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03864.x
  • Anderson, R., Baron, R. S., & Logan, H. (1991). Distraction, control, and dental stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(2), 156–171. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00494.x
  • Andreoni, J. (1990). Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm glow giving. The Economic Journal, 100(401), 464–487. doi:10.2307/2234133
  • Atsma, F., Veldhuizen, I., Verbeek, A., de Kort, W., & de Vegt, F. (2011). Healthy donor effect: Its magnitude in health research among blood donors. Transfusion, 511(8), 1820–1828. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03055.x
  • Aykas, A., Uslu, A., & Simsek, C. (2015). Mass media, online social networks, and organ donation: Old mistakes and new perspective’s. Transplantation Proceedings, 47(4), 1070–1072. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.182
  • Bail, C. A. (2016). Cultural carrying capacity: Organ donation advocacy, discursive framing and social media engagement. Social Science and Medicine, 165, 280–288. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.049
  • Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer (pp. 1–257). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bednall, T.C., & Bove, L.L. (2011). Donating blood: a meta-analytic review of self-reported motivators and deterrents, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 25(4), 317–334. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.04.005
  • Bednall, T. C., Bove, L. L., Cheetham, A., & Murray, A. L. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of antecedents of blood donation behavior and intentions. Social Science & Medicine, 96, 86–94. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.022
  • Bekkers, R. (2006). Traditional and health-related philanthropy: The role of resources and personality. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(4), 349–366. doi:10.1177/019027250606900404
  • Beshears, J., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2008). How are preferences revealed? Journal of Public Economics, 92(8–9), 1787–1794. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.010
  • Bilgel, F. (2012). The impact of presumed consent laws and institution on deceased organ donation. European Journal of Health Economics, 13(1), 29–38. doi:10.1007/s10198-010-0277-8
  • Boenigk, S., Mews, M., & de Kort, W. (2015). Missing minorities: Explaining low migrant blood donation participation and developing recruitment tactics. Voluntas, 26(4), 1240–1260. doi:10.1007/s11266-014-9477-7
  • Bonk, V. A., France, C. R., & Taylor, B. K. (2001). Distraction reduces self-reported physiological reactions to blood donation on novice donors with a blunting coping style. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(3), 447–452. doi:10.1097/00006842-200105000-00014
  • Boulware, L. E., Ratner, L. E., Cooper, L. A., Sosa, J. A., LaVeist, T. A., & Powe, N. R. (2002). Understanding disparities in donor behaver: Race and gender differences in willingness to donate blood and cadaveric organs. Medical Care, 40(2), 85–95. doi:10.1097/00005650-200202000-00003
  • Bove, L. L., Bednall, T., Masser, B., & Buzza, M. (2011). Understanding the plasmapheresis donor in a voluntary, nonremunerated environment. Transfusion, 51(11), 2411–2424. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03168.x
  • Bramstedt, K. A., & Cameron, A. M. (2017). Beyond the billboard: The Facebook-based application, donor, and its guided approach to facilitating living organ donation. American Journal of Transplantation, 17(2), 336–340. doi:10.1111/ajt.14004
  • Brewer, N. T., DeFrank, J. T., & Gilkey, M. B. (2016). Anticipated regret and health behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 35(11), 1264–1275. doi:10.1037/hea0000294
  • Brittenham, G. M. (2011). Iron-chelating therapy for transfusional iron overload. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(2), 146–156. doi:10.1056/NEJMct1004810
  • Brzezinski, M., & Klikowicz, P. (2015). Facebook as a medium for promoting statement of intent for organ donation: 5-years of experience. Annals of Transplantation, 20, 141–146. doi:10.12659/AOT.892494
  • Bshary, R., & Bergmüller, R. (2008). Distinguishing four fundamental approaches to the evolution of helping. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 21(2), 405–420. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01482.x
  • Burditt, C., Robbins, M. L., Paiva, A., Velicer, W. F., Koblin, B., & Kessler, D. (2009). Motivation for blood donation among African Americans: Developing measures for stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy constructs. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 32(5), 429–442. doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9214-7
  • Burroughs, T. E., Hong, B. A., Kappel, D. F., & Freedman, B. K. (1998). The stability of family decisions to consent or refuse organ donation: Would you do it again? Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(2), 156–162. doi:10.1097/00006842-199803000-00007
  • Burzynski, E. S., Nam, L. S., & Le Vior, R. (2016). Barriers and motivations to voluntary blood donation in sub-Saharan African settings; A literature review. ISBT Science Series, 11(2), 73–81. doi:10.1111/voxs.12271
  • Cameron, A. M., Massie, A. B., Alexander, C. E., Stewart, B., Montgomery, R. A., Benavides, N. R., … Segev, D. L. (2013). Social media and organ donation registration: The Facebook effect. American Journal of Transplantation, 13(8), 2059–2065. doi:10.1111/ajt.12312
  • Carter, M. C., Wilson, J., Redpath, G. S., Hayes, P., & Mitchell, C. (2011). Donor recruitment in the 21st century: Challenges and lessons learned in the first decade. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 45(1), 31–43. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2011.06.001
  • Chell, K., Davison, T. E., Masser, B., & Jensen, K. (2018). A systematic review of incentives in blood donation. Transfusion, 58(1), 242–254. doi:10.1111/trf.14387
  • Chell, K., Waller, D., & Masser, B. (2016). The blood donor anxiety scale: A six-item anxiety measure based on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety inventory. Transfusion, 56(6,2), 1645–1653. doi:10.1111/trf.13520
  • Chliaoutakis, J., Trakas, D. J., Socrataki, F., Lemonidou, C., & Papaioannou, D. (1994). Blood donor behaviour in Greece: Implications for health policy. Social Science and Medicine, 38(10), 1461–1467. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90284-4
  • Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (1999). Motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), 156–159. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00037
  • Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530.
  • Clowes, R., & Masser, B. M. (2012). Right here, right now: The impact of the blood donation context on anxiety, attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and intention to donate blood. Transfusion, 52(7), 1560–1565. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03486.x
  • Conner, M., Godin, G., Sheeran, P., & Germain, M. (2013). Some feelings are more important: Cognitive attitudes, affective attitudes, anticipated affect, and blood donation. Health Psychology, 32(3), 264–272. doi:10.1037/a0028500
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Cotte, J., Coulter, R. A., & Moore, M. (2005). Enhancing and disrupting guilt: The role of ad credibility and perceived manipulative intent. Journal of Business Research, 58(3), 361–368. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00102-4
  • Csillag, C. (1998). Brazil abolishes “presumed consent” in organ donation”. The Lancet, 352(9137), 1367. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60767-2
  • Demir, B., & Kumkale, G. T. (2013). Individual differences in willingness to become an organ donor: A decision tree approach to reasoned action. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(1), 63–69. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.002
  • Denner, J. (2014). Xenotransplantation – Progress and problems: A review. Journal of Transplantations Technologies and Research, 4(2), article: 1000133.
  • Di Angelantonio, E., Thompson, S.G., Kaptoge, S., Moore, C, Walker, M., Armitage, J., … Interval Trial Group. (2017). Efficiency and safety of varying the frequency of whole blood donation (INTERVAL): A randomised trial of 45,000 donors. The Lancet, 390(10110), 2360–2371. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31928-1
  • Ditto, B., & France, C.R. (2006). Vasovagal symptoms mediate the relationship between predonation anxiety and subsequent blood donation in female volunteers. Transfusion, 46(6), 1006–1010. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00835.x
  • Ditto, B., France, C. R., Lavoie, P., Roussos, M., & Adler, P. S. (2003). Reducing reactions to blood donation with applied muscle tension: A randomized controlled trial. Transfusion, 43(9), 1269–1275. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00488.x
  • Doherty, S., Dolan, E., Flynn, J., O'Carroll, R., & Doyle, F. (2017). Circumventing the "Ick" factor: A randomized trial of the effects of omitting affective attitudes questions to increase intention to become an organ donor. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article no.: 1443.
  • Evans, R., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Defining and measuring blood donor altruism: A Theoretical approach from biology, economics and psychology. Vox Sanguinis, 106(2), 118–126.
  • Fabre, J., Murphy, P., & Matesanz, R. (2010). Presumed consent: A distraction in the quest for increasing rates of organ donation. British Medical Journal, 341, c4973. doi:10.1136/bmj.c4973
  • Falomir-Pichastor, J. M., Berent, J. A., & Pereira, A. (2013). Social psychological factors of post-mortem organ donation: A theoretical review of determinants and promotion strategies, Health Psychology Review, 7(2), 202–247. doi:10.1080/17437199.2011.570516
  • Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2004a). Third-party punishment and social norms. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 63–87. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(04)00005-4
  • Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2004b). Social norms and human cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Science, 8(4), 185–190. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.007
  • Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (1999). A theory of fairness, competition and cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), 817–868. doi:10.1162/003355399556151
  • Ferguson, E. (1996). Predictors of future behaviour: A review of the psychological literature on blood donation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 1(4), 287–308. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00510.x
  • Ferguson, E. (2015a). Mechanism of altruism approach to blood donor recruitment and retention: A review and future directions. Transfusion Medicine, 25(4), 211–226 doi:10.1111/tme.12233
  • Ferguson, E (2015b). Blood donation and altruism. London, UK: 25th Regional Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).
  • Ferguson, E., Atsma, F., de Kort, W., & Veldhuizen, I. (2012b). Exploring the pattern of blood donor beliefs in first time, novice and experienced donors: Differentiating reluctant altruism, pure altruism, impure altruism and warm-glow, Transfusion, 52(2), 343–355.
  • Ferguson, E., & Bibby, P. A. (2002). Predicting future blood donor returns: Past behavior, intentions, and observer effects. Health Psychology, 21(5), 513–518. doi:10.1037//0278-6133.21.5.513
  • Ferguson, E., & Chandler, S. (2005). A stage model of blood donor behaviour: Assessing volunteer behaviour. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(3), 359–372. doi:10.1177/1359105305051423
  • Ferguson, E., Dorner, L., France, C. R., France, J. L., Masser, B., Lam, M., Marta, E., Alfieri, S., Merz, E.-M., Adams, B., Huis in 't Veld, E., & Scerri, J. (2018) Blood donor behaviour, motivations and the need for a systematic cross-cultural perspective: The example of moral outrage and health and non-health based philanthropy across seven countries. ISBT Science Series, 13, 375–388.
  • Ferguson, E., Farrell, K, & Lawrence, C. (2008). Blood donation is an act of benevolence rather than altruism. Health Psychology, 27(3), 327–336. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.327
  • Ferguson, E., & Flynn, N. (2016). Moral relativism as a disconnect between behavioural and experienced warm glow. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 163–175. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2016.06.002
  • Ferguson, E., France, C. R, Abraham, C., Ditto, B., & Sheeran, P. (2007). Improving blood donor recruitment and retention: Integrating social and behavioral science agendas. Transfusion, 47(11), 1999–2010. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01423.x
  • Ferguson, E., & Lawrence, C. (2015). Blood donation and altruism: The mechanism of altruism approach. ISBT Science Series, 11(S1), 148–157. doi:10.1111/voxs.12209
  • Ferguson, E., & Lawrence, C. (2018). It is only fair: Blood donors are more sensitive to violations of fairness norms than non-donors – converging psychometric and ultimatum game evidence. Vox Sanguinis, 113(3), 224–250. doi:10.1177/1948550618765071
  • Ferguson, E., & Masser, B. (2018). Emotions and pro-sociality: Lessons for blood donation. In D. M. Williams, R. E. Rhodes, & M. T. Conner (Eds.), Affective determinants of health-related behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ferguson, E., Shichman, R., & Tan, J. H. W. (2018). The ‘Lone wolf’ defector is detrimental to organ donor registration rates when moving to an opt-out organ registration default: A behavioral economic experiment. Paper presented at the 3rd European Conference on Donor Health and Management. Copenhagen, 5th to 7th September, 2018.
  • Ferguson, E., Singh, A., & Cunningham-Snell, N. (1997). Stress and blood donation: Effects of music and previous donation experience. British Journal of Psychology, 88(2), 277–294. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02635.x
  • Ferguson, E., Taylor, M., Keatley, D., Flynn, N., & Lawrence, C. (2012a). Blood donors’ helping behavior is driven by warm glow more evidence for the blood donor benevolence hypothesis. Transfusion, 52(10), 2189–2200. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03557.x
  • Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., O’Carroll. R. E., & Smillie, L, D. (in press). Costless and costly pro-sociality: Correspondence among Personality traits, economic preferences, and real world pro-sociality. Social Psychological and Personality Science. doi:10.1177/1948550618765071
  • Fernandez, J. M., Howard, D. H., & Krose, L. S. (2013). The effects of cadaveric kidney donations on living kidney donations: An instrumental variables approach. Economic Inquiry, 51(3), 1696–1714. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00500.x
  • Fisher, S. A., Allen, D., Doree, C., Naylor, J., Di Anelantonio, E., & Roberts, D. J. (2016). Interventions to reduce vasovagal reactions in blood donors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion Medicine, 26(1), 15–33. doi:10.1111/tme.12275
  • France, CR., France, JL., Wissel, ME, Ditto, B., Dickert, T., & Himawan, LK. (2013). Donor anxiety, needle pain, and syncopal reactions combine to determine retention: A path analysis of two-year donor return data. Transfusion, 53, 1992–2000. doi:10.1111/trf.12069
  • France, C. R., & France, J. L. (2018). Can survey responses to online motivational interview questions enhance blood donation intention? Transfusion, 58, 244A–244A.
  • France, C. R., France, J. L., Carlson, B. W., Frye, V., Duffy, D., Kessler, D. A., … Shaz, B. H. (2017) Applying self-determination theory to the blood donation context: The blood donor competence, autonomy, and relatedness enhancement (Blood Donor CARE) trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 53, 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.010
  • France, C, R., France, J. L., Carlson, B. W., Himawan, L. K., Kessler, D. A., Rebosa, M., … Fox, K.R. (2017). A motivational interview promotes retention of blood donors with high internal motivation Transfusion, 57, (10), 2433–2439. doi:10.1111/trf.14203
  • France, C. R., France, J. L., Carlson, B. W., Himawan, L. K., Stephens, K. Y., Frame-Brown, T.A., … Menitove, J.E. (2014). Fear of blood draws, vasovagal reactions, and retention among high school donors. Transfusion, 54(3), 918–924. doi:10.1111/trf.12368
  • France, C. R., Kawalsky, J. M., France, J. L., Himawan, L. K., Kessler, D. A., & Shaz, B. H. (2014). The blood donor identity survey: A multidimensional measure of blood donor motivations. Transfusion, 54(8), 2098–2105 doi:10.1111/trf.12588
  • France, C. R., Rader, A., & Carlson, B. (2005). Donors who react may not come back: Analysis of repeat donation as a function of phlebotomist ratings of vasovagal reactions. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 33(2), 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2005.02.005
  • Gemelli, C. N., Carver, A., Garn, A., Wright, S. T., & Davison, T. E. (2018). Evaluation of the impact of a personalized postdonation short messaging service on the retention of whole blood donors. Transfusion, 58(3), 701–709. doi:10.1111/trf.14463
  • Gill, P., & Lowes, L. (2008). Gift exchange and organ donation: Donor and recipient experiences of live related kidney transplantation. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(11), 1607–1617. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.03.004
  • Godin, G., Amireault, S., Vézina-Im, L. A., Sheeran P, Conner, M., Germain, M., Delage, G. (2013). Implementation intentions intervention among temporarily deferred novice blood donors. Transfusion, 53(8), 653–660.
  • Godin, G., Vézina-Im, L. A., Beélanger-Gravel, A., & Amireault, S. (2012). Efficacy of interventions promoting blood donation: A systematic review. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 26(3), 224–237. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.10.001
  • Godin, G., Conner, M., Sheeran, P., Bélanger-Gravel, A., & Germain, M. (2007). Determinants of repeated blood donation among new and experienced blood donors. Transfusion, 47(9), 1607–1615. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01331.x
  • Godin G., Germain, M, Conner, M, Delage, G., Sheeran, P. (2015). Promoting the return of lapsed blood donors: A seven-arm randomized controlled trial of the question-behavior effect. Health Psychology, 33(7), 646–655. doi:10.1037/a0033505
  • Godin, G., Sheeran, P., Conner, M., Germain, M., Blondeau D., Gagne, C., … Naccache, H. (2005). Factors explaining the intention to give blood among the general population. Vox Sanguinus, 89(3), 140–149. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00674.x
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychology, 48(1), 26–34.
  • Golding, S. E., & Cropley, M. (2017). A systematic narrative review of effects of community-based intervention on rates of organ donor registration. Progress in Transplantation, 27(3), 295–308. doi:10.1177/1526924817715461
  • Greinacher, A., Fendrich, K., Alpen, U., & Hoffman, W. (2007). Impact of demographic changes on the blood supply: Meckenburg-West Pomerania as a model region for Europe. Transfusion, 47(3), 395–401. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01129.x
  • Greinacher, A., & Fendrich, K. (2010). Demographic changes: The impact for safe blood supply. ISBT Science Series, 5, 239–243. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2824.2010.01377.x
  • Greinacher, A., Fendrich, K., & Hoffman, W. (2010). Demographic changes: The impact for safe blood supply. Transfusion Medicine Hemotherapy, 37(3), 141–148. doi:10.1159/000313949
  • Guerrero, N., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Evans, D. A., & Jacobs E. A. (2015). Determinants of trust in health care in an older population. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 63(3), 553–557. doi:10.1111/jgs.13316
  • Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harris, D. G., Quinn, K., Dahi, S., Burdorf, L., Azimzadeh, A. M., & Pierson, R. N., III. (2014). Lung xenotransplantation: Recent progress and current status. Xenotransplantation, 21(6), 496–506. doi:10.1111/xen.12116
  • Henderson, A. J. Z., Landolt, M. A., McDonald, M. F., Barrable, W. M., Soos, J. G., Gourlay, W., … Landsbery, D. N. (2003). The living anonymous kidney donor: Lunatic or saint? American Journal of Transplantation, 3(2), 203–213.
  • Hill, E. M. (2016). Posthumous organ donation attitudes, intentions to donate, and organ donor status: Examining the role of the big five personality dimensions and altruism. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 182–186. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.021
  • Holtzman, S., Clarke, H. A., McCluskey, S. A., Turcotte, K., Grant, D., & Katz, J. (2014). Acute and chronic postsurgical pain after living liver donation: Incidence and predictors. Liver Transplantation, 20(11), 1336–1346. doi:10.1002/lt.23949
  • Hryhorowicvz, M., Zeyland, J., Slomski, R., & Lipinski, D. (2017). Genetically modified pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation. Molecular Biotechnology, 59(9), 435–444. doi:10.1007/s12033-017-0024-9
  • Hyde, M. K., Knowles, S. R., & White, K. M. (2013). Donating blood and organs: using an extended theory of planned behavior perspective to identify similarities and differences in individual motivations to donate. Health Education Research, 28(6), 1092–1104. doi:10.1093/her/cyt078
  • James, R. C., & Matthews, D. E. (1993). The donation cycle: a framework for the measurement and analysis of blood donor return behaviour. Vox Sangninis, 64(1), 37–42.
  • Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. G. (2003). Medicine. Do defaults save lives? Science, 302(5649), 1338–1339. doi:10.1126/science.1091721
  • Kopfman, J. E., & Smith, S. W. (1996). Understanding the audiences of a health communication campaign: A discriminant analysis of potential organ donors based on intent to donate. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24(1), 33–49. doi:10.1080/00909889609365438
  • Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Slonim, R. (2013). Public health. Economic rewards to motivate blood donations. Science, 340(6135), 927–928. doi:10.1126/science.1232280
  • Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Slonim, R. (2014). Rewarding volunteers: A field experiment. Management Science, 60(5), 1107–1129. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1826
  • Landry, D. W. (2006). Voluntary reciprocal altruism: A novel strategy to encourage deceased organ donation. Kidney International, 69(6), 957–959. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000280
  • Lennerling, A., Forsberg, A., & Nyberg, G. (2003). Becoming a living kidney donor. Transplantation, 76(8), 1243–1247. doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000087832.27092.4F
  • Loewenstein, G. (2005). Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making. Health Psychology, 24(4S), S49–S56. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.S49
  • Lucky, T. T. A, Seed, C. R., Keller, A., Lee, J., McDonald, A., Ismay, S., … Wilson, D.P. (2013). Trends in transfusion-transmissible infections among Australian blood donors from 2005 to 2010. Transfusion, 53(11), 2751–2762. doi:10.1111/trf.12144
  • Lwin, M. O., Williams, J. D., & Lan, L. L. (2002). Social marketing initiatives: National kidney foundation’s organ donation programs in Singapore. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 21(1), 66–77. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.66.17613
  • Ma, L., Tunney, R., & Ferguson, E. (2017). Does gratitude enhance prosociality: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(6), 601–635. doi:10.1037/bul0000103
  • MacKay, D., & Robinson, A. (2016). The ethics of organ donator registration policies: Nudges and respect for autonomy. American Journal of Bioethics, 16(11), 3–12. doi:10.1080/15265161.2016.1222007
  • Maple, H., Chilcot, J., Burnapp, L., Gibbs, P., Santhouse, A., Norton, S., … Mamode, N. (2014). Motivation, outcomes and characteristics of unspecified (nondirected altruistic) kidney donors in the United Kingdom. Transplantation, 98(11), 1182–1189. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000000340
  • Masser, B. M., France C. R., Himawan, L. K., Hyde, M. K., & Smith, G. (2016). The impact of the context and recruitment materials on nondonors’ willingness to donate blood. Transfusion, 56, 2995–3003. doi:10.1111/trf.13805
  • Masser, B. M., White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., Terry, D. J, & Robinson, N. G. (2009). Predicting blood donation intentions and behavior among Australian blood donors: Testing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model. Transfusion, 49(2), 320–329. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01981.x
  • Matesanz, R., Gil, B. D., Coll, E., Mahíllo, B., & Marazuela, R. (2017). How Spain reached 40 deceased organ donors per million population. American Journal of Transplantation, 17(6), 1447–1454. doi:10.1111/ajt.14104
  • Mauss. M. (1990). The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies London, UK: Routledge.
  • McCartney, M. (2017). When organ donation isn’t a donation. British Medical Journal, 356, 1028.
  • Meade, M. A., France, C. R., & Peterson, L. M. (1996). Predicting vasovagal reactions in volunteer blood donors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(5), 495–501. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00639-7
  • Mellstrom, C., & Johannesson, M. (2008). Crowding out in blood donation: Was Titmuss right? Journal of European Economic Association, 6(4), 845–863. doi:10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.4.845
  • Miller, J., Currie, S. & O’Carroll, R. E. (2019). ‘What if I’m not dead?’: Myth-busting and organ donation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24 (1), 141–158.
  • Moorlock, G., Ives, J., & Draper, H. (2014). Altruism in organ donation: An unnecessary requirement? Journal of Medical Ethics, 40(2), 134–138. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100528
  • Morgan, S. E., Miller, J., & Arasaratnam, L. A. (2002). Signing cards, saving lives: An evaluation of the worksite organ donation promotion project. Communication Monographs, 69(3), 253–273. doi:10.1080/03637750216540
  • Morgan, S. E., Stephenson, M. T., Harrison, T. R., Afifi, W. A., & Long, S. D. (2008). Facts versus ‘feelings’: How rational is the decision to become an organ donor? Journal of Health Psychology, 13(5), 644–658. doi:10.1177/1359105308090936
  • Moseley, A., & Stoker, G. (2015). Putting public policy defaults to the test: The case of organ donor registration. International Public Management Journal, 18(2), 246–264. doi:10.1080/10967494.2015.1012574
  • Myhal, G., Godin, G., & Dubuc, S. (2017). The relative efficacy of three interventions to favour return to give blood. Blood Transfusion, 15(5), 398–404.
  • Nagal, T. (1970). The possibility of altruism. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • National Health Service Blood and Transplant [NHSBT]. Blood 2020: A strategy for the blood supply in England and North Wales. Retrieved from: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/1652/blood-2020.pdf
  • National Health Service Blood and Transplant [NHSBT]. (2012–2013). Annual Review 2012-13: Saving and improving lives. Retrieved from: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/1881/nhsbt_annual_review_2012-13.pdf
  • National Health Service Blood and Transplant [NHSBT]. (2016). Retrieved from: https://www.organdonation.nhs.uk/
  • National Health Service Blood and Transplant [NHSBT]. (2017). ODT performance report: September 2017. Retrieved from: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/5074/odt-smt-monthly-performance-report-201709-website-version.pdf
  • National Health Service Blood and Transplant [NHSBT]. (2017–2018). Organ donation and transplantation: Activity report 2017/2018. Retrieved from: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets/1848/transplant-activity-report-2017-2018.pdf
  • Neuberger, J., Trotter, P., &, Stratton, R. (2017). Organ transplantation rates in the UK, British Medical Journal, 359, j5218.
  • Newman, B. H., Tommolino, E., Andreozzi, C., Joychan, S., Pocedic, J., & Herringhausen, J. (2006). The effect of a 16-oz. water drink on blood donor reaction rates in high-school students: Two independent studies combined. Transfusion, 46, S80A.
  • Nijkamp, M. D., Hollestelle, M. L., Zeegers, M. P., van den Borne, B., & Reubsaet, A. (2008). To be(come) or not to be(come) an organ donor, that's the question: A meta-analysis of determinant and intervention studies, Health Psychology Review, 2(1), 20–40. doi:10.1080/17437190802307971
  • Nowak, M. A. (2006). Five rules for the evolution of cooperation. Science, 314(5805), 1560–1563. doi:10.1126/science.1133755
  • O'Carroll, R. E., Dryden, J., Hamilton-Barclay, T., & Ferguson, E. (2011a). Anticipated regret and organ donor registration–A pilot study. Health Psychology, 30(5), 661–664. doi:10.1037/a0024182
  • O'Carroll, R. E., Foster, C., McGeechan, G., Sandford, K., & Ferguson, E. (2011b). The “ick” factor, anticipated regret, and willingness to become an organ donor. Health Psychology, 30(2), 236–245. doi:10.1037/a0022379
  • O'Carroll, R. E., Haddow, L., Foley, L., & Quigley, J. (2017). If you needed an organ transplant would you have one? The effect of reciprocity priming and mode of delivery on organ donor registration intentions and behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 22(3), 577–588.
  • O’Carroll, R. E, Shepherd, L., Hayes, P. C., & Ferguson, E. (2016). Anticipated regret and organ donor registration: A randomised controlled trial. Health Psychology, 35(11), 1169–1177. doi:10.1037/hea0000363
  • O'Carroll, R. E., Quigley, J., & Miller, C. B. (2018). The effect of reciprocity priming on organ donor registration intentions and behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 23, R827.
  • Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained helping without obligation: Motivation, longevity of service, and perceived attitude change among AIDS volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 671–686. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.68.4.671
  • Ost, L. G., & Sterner, U. (1987). Applied tension. A specific behavioral method for treatment of blood phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25(1), 25–29. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(87)90111-2
  • Paolo, G. (2013). Quando uno vale due: Psocologia della donazione di sangue (pp. 1–88). Milan, Italy: Editrice La Scuola.
  • Paolo, G., Alfieri, S., Marta, E., & Saturni, V. (2015). New donors, loyal donors, and regular donors: Which motivations sustain blood donation? Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 52(3), 339–344. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2015.02.018
  • Pedder-Jones, C., Papadopoulos, C., & Randhawa, G. (2017). Primary care interventions to encourage organ donation registration: A systematic review. Transplantation Reviews, 31(4), 268–275.
  • Piliavin, J. A., & Callero, P. L. (1991). The Johns Hopkins series in contemporary medicine and public health. Giving blood: The development of an altruistic identity. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Prochaska, J. O. & DiClemente, C. C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practise, 19(3), 276–288. doi:10.1037/h0088437
  • Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C. & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47(9), 1102–1114. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.47.9.1102
  • Quick, B. L., Anker, A. E., Feeley, T. H., & Morgan, S. E. (2016). An examination of three theoretical models to explain the organ donation attitude–registration discrepancy among mature adults. Health Communication, 31(3) 265–274. doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.947468
  • Reinders, M. E. J., van Kooten, C., Rabelink, T. J., & de Fijter, J. W. (2018). Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for solid organ transplantation. Transplantation, 102(1), 35–43. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000001879
  • Renner, S., Lindenmeier, J., Tscheulin, D. K., & Drevs, F. (2013). Guilt appeals and prosocial behaviour: An experimental analysis of the effects of anticipatory versus reactive guilt appeals on the effectiveness of blood donor appeals. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 25(3), 237–255. doi:10.1080/10495142.2013.816595
  • Rigas, A. S., Skytthe, A., Erikstrup, C., Rostgaard, K., Petersen, M. S., Hjalgrim, H., Ullum, H., Kyvik, K. O., & Pedersen, O. B. (2017). The healthy donor effect impacts self-reported physical and mental health - results from the Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS). Transfusion Medicine, doi:10.1111/tme.12478
  • Rithalia, A., Myers, L., & Sowden, A. (2009). Impact of presumed consent for organ donation on donation rates: A systemic review. British Medical Journal Open, 338, a3162. doi:10.1136/bmj.a3162
  • Robbins, M.L., Paiva, A.L., Amoyal, N. R., Brick, L., Kessler, D. A., Burditt, C., Caltabiano, M., & Shaz, B. H. (2015) Acceptability and feasibility of culturally tailored internet-delivered intervention to promote blood donation in Blacks. Health Promotion Practice, 16(2), 227–235 doi:10.1177/1524839914533344
  • Rodrigue, J. R., Cornell, D. L., & Howard, R. J. (2008). The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it. American Journal of Transplantation, 8(12), 2661–2667. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02429.x
  • Roff, S. R. (2007). Self-interest, self-abnegation and self-esteem: Towards a new moral economy of non-directed kidney donation. Journal of Medical Ethics, 33(8), 437–441. doi:10.1136/jme.2006.017939
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Saito, K. (2015). Impure altruism and impure selfishness. Journal of Economic Theory, 158 (Part A), 336–370. doi:10.1016/j.jet.2015.05.003
  • Sallis, A., Harper, H., & Sanders, M. (2018). Effect of persuasive messages on national health service organ donor registrations: A pragmatic quasi-randomised controlled trial with one million UK road taxpayers. Trials, 19(1), 513.
  • Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T. P., Salonen, R., Lakka, T. A., & Nyyssonen, K. (1998). Donation of blood is associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 148(5), 445–451. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009669
  • Sass, R. G. (2012). Toward a more stable blood supply: Charitable incentives, donation rates and the experience of September 11. The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(6), 38–45. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.781703
  • Schreiber, G. B., Sharma, U. K., Wright, D. J., Glynn, S. A., Ownby, H. E., Tu, Y., … Gitcher R., Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. (2005). First-year donation patterns predict long-term commitment for first time donors. Vox Sanguinis, 88(2), 114–121. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00593.x
  • Scott, E. M., Greenwood, J. P., Gilbey, S. G., Stoker, J. B., & Mary, D.A. (2001). Water ingestion increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge in normal human subjects. Clinical Science, 100(3), 335–342. doi:10.1042/CS20000177
  • Sharp, C., & Randhawa, G. (2014). Altruism, a gift giving and reciprocity in organ donation: A review of cultural perspectives and challenges of the concepts. Transplantation Review, 28(4), 163–168. doi:10.1016/j.trre.2014.05.001
  • Shaz, B. H., Zimring, J. C., Demmons, D. G., & Hillyer, C. D. (2008). Blood donation and blood transfusion: special considerations for African Americans. Transfusion Medicine Review, 22(3), 202–214. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.02.006
  • Sheeran, P., Godin, G., Conner, M., & Germain, M. (2017). Paradoxical effects of experience: Past behavior both strengthens and weakens the intention-behavior relationship. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2, 309–318. doi:10.1086/691216
  • Shepherd, L., O’Carroll R. E., & Ferguson, E. (2014). An international comparison of deceased and living organ donation rates in opt-in and opt-out systems: A panel study. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 131–145.
  • Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., Crano, W. D., Gonzalez, A. V., Tang, J. C., & Jones, S. P. (2010). Passive-positive organ donor registration behavior: A mixed method assessment of the IIFF Model. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 15(2), 198–209. doi:10.1080/13548501003623922
  • Smith, K. D., Keating, J. P., & Stotland, E. (1989). Altruism reconsidered: The effects of denying feedback on a victim’s status to empathically witness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 641–650 doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.4.641
  • Sober, E., & Wilson, D. S. (1998). Unto others: The evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Steele, W. R., Schreiber, G. B., Guiltinan, A., Nass, C., Glynn, S. A., Wright, D. J., … Garratty, G., Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. (2008). The role of altruistic behavior, empathic concern, and social responsibility motivation in blood donor behaviour. Transfusion, 48(1), 43–54.
  • Steinberg, D. (2010). Altruism in medicine: Its definition, nature and dilemmas. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 19(2), 249–257. doi:10.1017/S0963180109990521
  • Sykes, M., & Sachs, D. H. (2001). Mixed chimerism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences. 356(1409), 707–726. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0853
  • Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2009) Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Thijsen, A., Gemelli, CN., Davison, TE., O'Donovan, J., Bell, B., & Masser, B. (2018) Does using applied muscle tension at strategic time points during donation reduce phlebotomist- and donor-reported vasovagal reaction rates? A three-armed randomized controlled trial. Transfusion, 58, 2352–2359. doi:10.1111/trf.14940
  • Titmuss, R. (1970). The gift relationship: From human blood to social policy. London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007). The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 506–525. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.506
  • Trafimow, D., & Sheeran, P. (1998). Some test of the distinction between cognitive and affective beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34(4), 378–397. doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1356
  • Tran, N. Y. L., Charbonneau, J., & Valderrama-Benitez, V. (2013). Blood donation practices, motivations and beliefs in Montreal’s block communities; the modern gift under a new light. Ethnicity and Health, 18(6), 508–529. doi:10.1080/13557858.2012.734279
  • Ugur, Z. B. (2015). Does presumed consent save lives? Evidence from Europe. Health Economics, 24(12), 1560–1572. doi:10.1002/hec.3111
  • Ullum, H., Rostgaard, K., Kamper-Jørgensen, M., Reilly, M., Melbye, M., Nyrén O., … Hjalgrim, H. (2015). Blood donation and blood donor mortality after adjustment for a healthy donor effect. Transfusion, 55(10), 2479–2485. doi:10.1111/trf.13205
  • van Dongen, A. (2015). Easy come, easy go. Retention of blood donors. Transfusion Medicine, 25, 227–233. doi:10.1111/tme.12249
  • van Dongen, A., Mews, M., de Kort, W. L. A. M., & Wagenmans, E. (2016). Missing minorities: A survey based description of the current state of minority blood donor recruitment across 23 countries. Diversity and Equality in Health and Care, 13(1), 138–145.
  • Vahidnia, F., Hirschlr, N.V., Agapova, M., Chinn, A., Busch, M. P. & Custer, B. (2013). Cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of US blood donors: A 20-year study. Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, 2013, 814842. [CrossRef][https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/814842]
  • van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2014). Comparing the effects of defaults in organ donation systems. Social Science & Medicine, 106, 137–142. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.052
  • Viar, M. A., Etzel, E. N., Ciesielski, B. G., & Olatunji, B. O. (2010). Disgust, anxiety, and vasovagal syncope sensations: A comparison of injection-fearful and nonfearful blood donors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(8), 941–945. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.021
  • Vincent, A., & Logan, L. (2012). Consent for organ donation. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108(1), i80–i87. doi:10.1093/bja/aer353
  • Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548–573. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
  • Wellesley, H (2011). A nudge in the right direction for organ donation-but is it enough? British Medical Journal, 343, d5726. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5726
  • Wevers, A., Wigboldus, D. H., van den Hurk, K., van Baaren, R., Veldhuizen, I. J. (2015). Increasing first-time blood donation of newly registered donors using implementation intentions and explicit commitment techniques. Vox Sanguinis, 108(1), 18–26. doi:10.1111/vox.12189
  • White, K. M., Poulsen, B. E., & Hyde, M. K. (2017). Identity sand personality influences on donating money, time and blood. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 46, 371–394.
  • Willis, B. H., & Quigley, M. (2014). Opt-out organ donation: On evidence and public policy. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 107(2), 56–60. doi:10.1177/0141076813507707
  • Yamada, K., Sykes, M., & Sachs, D. (2017). Tolerance in xenotransplantation. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, 22(6), 522–528. doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000466
  • Zou, S., Stramer, S. L., & Dodd, R. Y. (2012). Donor testing and risk: Current prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of transfusion-transmissible agents in US allogenic donations. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 26(2), 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.07.007

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.