References
- Bennett, D. S., Hersh, J., Herres, J., & Foster, J. (2016). HIV-related stigma, shame, and avoidant coping: Risk factors for internalizing symptoms among youth living with HIV? Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(4), 657–664. https://10.1007/s10578-015-0599-y
- Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802–1811. https://10.1177/1049732316654870
- Brinsdon, A., Abel, G., & Desrosiers, J. (2017). I’m taking control”: How people living with HIV/AIDS manage stigma in health interactions. AIDS Care, 29(2), 185–188. https://10.1080/09540121.2016.1204420
- Brondani, M., Donnelly, L., & Postnikoff, J. (2016). I’m not HIV positive, I’m undetectable”: Community forum on issues of stigma. Stigma and Health, 1(4), 244–251. https://10.1037/sah0000034
- Buseh, A. G., & Stevens, P. E. (2006). Constrained but not determined by stigma: Resistance by African American women living with HIV. Women & Health, 44(3), 1–18. https://10.1300/J013v44n03_01 https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v44n03_01
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, (Preliminary). HIV Surveillance Report, 2018 (Preliminary), 30. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States 2010–2016. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, 24(1), 1–89. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html
- Chaudoir, S. R., Norton, W. E., Earnshaw, V. A., Moneyham, L., Mugavero, M. J., & Hiers, K. M. (2012). Coping with HIV stigma: Do proactive coping and spiritual peace buffer the effect of stigma on depression? AIDS and Behavior, 16(8), 2382–2391. https://10.1007/s10461-011-0039-3
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and viol violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://10.2307/1229039
- Dale, S. K., Pierre-Louis, C., Bogart, L. M., O'Cleirigh, C., & Safren, S. A. (2018). Still I rise: The need for self-validation and self-care in the midst of adversities faced by Black women with HIV. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(1), 15–25. https://10.1037/cdp0000165
- Dale, S. K., & Safren, S. A. (2018). Striving towards empowerment and medication adherence (STEP-AD): A tailored cognitive behavioral treatment approach for Black women living with HIV. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 25(3), 361–376. https://10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.10.004
- Davtyan, M., Farmer, S., Brown, B., Sami, M., & Frederick, T. (2016). Women of color reflect on HIV-related stigma through photo voice. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 27(4), 404–418. https://10.1016/j.jana.2016.03.003
- Essuon, A. D., Zhao, H., Wang, G., Collins, N., Karch, D., & Rao, S. (2020). HIV testing outcomes among Blacks or African Americans- 50 local U.S. jurisdictions accounting for the majority of new HIV diagnoses and seven states with disproportionate occurrences of HIV in rural areas, 2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020, 69(4), 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6904a2
- Fekete, E. M., Williams, S. L., Skinta, M. D., & Bogusch, L. M. (2016). Gender differences in disclosure concerns and HIV-related quality of life. AIDS Care, 28(4), 450–454. https://10.1080/09540121.2015.1114995
- Finlay, L. (2009). Debating phenomenological research methods. Phenomenology & Practice, 3(1), 6–25. https://doi.org/10.29173/pandpr19818
- Fletcher, F., Ingram, L. A., Kerr, J., Buchberg, M., Bogdan-Lovis, L., & Philpott-Jones, S. (2016). She told them, oh that bitch got AIDS: Experiences of multilevel HIV/AIDS-related stigma among African American women living with HIV/AIDS in the south. AIDS Patient Care and Stds, 30(7), 349–356. https://10.1089/apc.2016.0026
- Geter, A., Sutton, M. Y., & Hubbard McCree, D. (2018). Social and structural determinants of HIV treatment and care among black women living with HIV infection: A systematic review: 2005-2016. AIDS Care, 30(4), 409–416. https://10.1080/09540121.2018.1426827
- Grov, C., Golub, S. A., Parsons, J. T., Brennan, M., & Karpiak, S. E. (2010). Loneliness and HIV-related stigma explain depression among older HIV-positive adults. AIDS Care, 22(5), 630–639. https://10.1080/09540120903280901
- Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://10.1177/1525822X05279903
- Hagaman, A. K., & Wutich, A. (2017). How many interviews are enough to identify metathemes in multisited and cross-cultural research? Another perspective on Guest, Bunce, and Johnson’s (2006) landmark study. Field Methods, 29(1), 23–41. https://10.1177/1525822X16640447
- Hennink, M. M., Kaiser, B. N., & Marconi, V. C. (2017). Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research, 27(4), 591–608. https://10.1177/1049732316665344
- Herek, G. M., Saha, S., & Burack, J. (2013). Stigma and psychological distress in people with HIV/AIDS. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), 41–54. https://10.1080/01973533.2012.746606
- Hooks, B. (1981). Ain’t I a woman: Black women and feminism. South End Press.
- Lambert, C. C., Mugavero, M. J., Najjar, Y. S., Enah, C., & Guthrie, B. J. (2018). The state of adherence to HIV care in black women. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 29(4), 487–503. https://10.1016/j.jana.2018.02.008
- Lane, S., Rubinstein, R. A., Keefe, Robert, H., Webster, N., Cibula, D. A., Rosenthal, A., & Dowdell, J. (2004). Structural violence and racial disparity in HIV transmission. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 15(3), 319–335. https://10.1353/hpu.2004.0043 https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2004.0043
- Lennon-Dearing, R., & Price, J. (2018). Women living with HIV tell their stories with photovoice. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 28(5), 588–601. https://10.1080/10911359.2018.1443867
- Levi-Minzi, M., & Surratt, H. L. (2014). HIV stigma among substance abusing people living with HIV/AIDS: Implications for HIV treatment. AIDS Patient Care and Stds, 28(8), 442–451. https://10.1089/apc.2014.0076
- Lipira, L., Williams, E. C., Huh, D., Kemp, C. G., Nevin, P. E., Greene, P., Unger, J. M., Heagerty, P., French, A. L., Cohn, S. E., Turan, J. M., Mugavero, M. J., Simoni, J. M., Andrasik, M. P., & Rao, D. (2019). HIV-related stigma and viral suppression among African American women: Exploring the mediating roles of depression and ART nonadherence. AIDS and Behavior, 23(8), 2025–2036. https://10.1007/s10461-018-2301-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2301-4
- Lyimo, R. A., Stutterheim, S. E., Hospers, H. J., de Glee, T., van der Ven, A., & de Bruin, M. (2014). Stigma, disclosure, coping, and medication adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS in northern Tanzania. AIDS Patient Care and Stds, 28(2), 98–105. https://10.1089/apc.2013.0306
- Madill, A., & Sullivan, P. (2018). Mirrors, portraits, and member checking: Managing difficult moments of knowledge exchange in the social sciences. Qualitative Psychology, 5(3), 321–339. https://10.1037/qup0000089
- Martinez, J., Harper, G., Carleton, R. A., Hosek, S., Bojan, K., Clum, G., & Ellen, J. (2014). The impact of stigma on medication adherence among HIV-positive adolescent and young adult females and the moderating effects of coping and satisfaction with health care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 28, 565. https://10.1089/apc.2014.9828
- Nyblade, L. (2006). Measuring HIV stigma: Existing knowledge and gaps. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(3), 335–345. https://10.1080/13548500600595178[Database] https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600595178
- Peltzer, J. N., Domian, E. W., & Teel, C. S. (2016). Infected lives: Lived experiences of young African American HIV-positive women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(2), 216–230. https://10.1177/0193945914552167
- Ramirez-Valles, J., Molina, Y., & Dirkes, J. (2013). Stigma towards PLWHA: The role of internalized homosexual stigma in Latino gay/bisexual male and transgender communities. AIDS Education and Prevention, 25(3), 179–189. https://10.1521/aeap.2013.25.3.179A
- Rao, D., Molina, Y., Lambert, N., & Cohn, S. E. (2016). Assessing stigma among African Americans living with HIV. Stigma and Health, 1(3), 146–155. https://10.1037/sah0000027
- Relf, M. V., Williams, M., & Barroso, J. (2015). Voices of women facing HIV-related stigma in the deep south. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53(12), 38–47. https://10.3928/02793695-20151020-01
- Rice, W. S., Logie, C. H., Napoles, T. M., Walcott, M., Batchelder, A. W., Kempf, M., Wingood, G. M., Konkle-Parker, D., Turan, B., Wilson, T. E., Johnson, M. O., Weiser, S. D., & Turan, J. M. (2018). Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 208, 9–17. https://10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.001
- Sangaramoorthy, T., Jamison, A., & Dyer, T. (2017). Intersectional stigma among midlife and older African American women living with HIV. Culture, Health, & Sexuality, 19(12), 1329–1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1312530
- Sprague, C., Scanlon, M. L., & Pantalone, D. W. (2017). Qualitative research methods to advance research on health inequities among previously incarcerated women living with HIV in Alabama. Health Education & Behavior, 44(5), 716–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198117726573
- Starks, H., & Trinidad, S. B. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1372–1380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307307031
- Stevens, R., & Hornik, R. C. (2014). AIDS in black and white: The influence of newspaper coverage of HIV/AIDS on HIV/AIDS testing among African Americans and white Americans, 19932007. Journal of Health Communication, 19(8), 893–906. https://10.1080/10810730.2013.864730
- Travaglini, L. E., Himelhoch, S. S., & Juan Fang, L. (2018). HIV stigma and its relation to mental, physical, and social health among African American women living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 22(12), 3783–3794. https://10.1007/s10461-018-2037-1
- Tsarenko, Y., & Polonsky, M. J. (2011). 'You can spend your life dying or you can spend your life living': Identity transition in people who are HIV-positive. Psychology & Health, 26(4), 465–483. https://10.1080/08870440903521761 https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903521761
- Varni, S. E., Miller, C. T., McCuin, T., & Solomon, S. (2012). Disengagement and engagement coping with HIV/AIDS stigma and psychological well-being of people with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(2), 123–150. https://10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.123
- Watkins-Hayes, C., Pittman-Gay, L., & Beaman, J. (2012). 'Dying from' to 'living with': Framing institutions and the coping processes of African American women living with HIV/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine (1982)), 74(12), 2028–2036. https://10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.001
- Wyatt, G. E., & Chin, D. (1999). HIV and ethnic minority women, families, and communities: An overview. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 5(3), 179–182. https://10.1037/h0092586
- Wyatt, G. E., Gomez, C. A., Hamilton, A. B., Valencia-Garcia, D., Gant, L. M., & Graham, C. E. (2013). The intersection of gender and ethnicity in HIV risk, interventions, and prevention. American Psychologist, 68(4), 247–260. https://10.1037/a0032744