Temporal dynamics of mental imagery, craving and consumption of craved foods: an experience sampling study

References

• Andrade, J., May, J., Deeprose, C., Baugh, S.-J., & Ganis, G. (2014). Assessing vividness of mental imagery: The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953), 105(4), 547–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkman, E. T., Giuliani, N. R., & Pruitt, A. K. (2014). Comparison of text messaging and paper-and-pencil for ecological momentary assessment of food craving and intake. Appetite, 81, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell, R. G., & Kober, H. (2016). Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: A meta-analytic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruinsma, K., & Taren, D. L. (1999). Chocolate: Food or drug? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(10), 1249–1256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00307-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, A., Grilo, C. M., White, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2014). Food cravings, food intake, and weight status in a community-based sample. Eating Behaviors, 15(3), 478–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2016). Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000136
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, K., Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2005). The nature of imagery processes underlying food cravings. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910704X14249
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill, A. J. (2007). The psychology of food craving. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(2), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665107005502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, A. J., & Heaton-Brown, L. (1994). The experience of food craving: A prospective investigation in healthy women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(8), 801–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90068-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, A. J., Weaver, C. F., & Blundell, J. E. (1991). Food craving, dietary restraint and mood. Appetite, 17(3), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6663(91)90021-J
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hormes, J. M., Orloff, N. C., & Timko, C. A. (2014). Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide? Appetite, 83, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, A. (1998). A learning model of binge eating: Cue reactivity and cue exposure. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00055-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyner, M. A., Gearhardt, A. N., & White, M. A. (2015). food craving as a mediator between addictive-like eating and problematic eating outcomes. Eating Behaviors, 19, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalokerinos, E. K., Erbas, Y., Ceulemans, E., & Kuppens, P. (2019). Differentiate to regulate: low negative emotion differentiation is associated with ineffective use but not selection of emotion-regulation strategies. Psychological Science, 30(6), 863–879. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619838763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, D. J., Andrade, J., & May, J. (2005). Imaginary relish and exquisite torture: The elaborated intrusion theory of desire. Psychological Review, 112(2), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2007). Modality-specific imagery reduces cravings for food: An application of the elaborated intrusion theory of desire to food craving. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 13(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.13.2.95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirtley, O. J., Lafit, G., Achterhof, R., Hiekkaranta, A. P., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2021). Making the black box transparent: A template and tutorial for registration of studies using experience-sampling methods. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1), 251524592092468. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920924686
   Google Scholar
• Kosslyn, S. M., Ganis, G., & Thompson, W. L. (2001). Neural foundations of imagery. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 2(9), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1038/35090055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koval, P., Hinton, J., Dozo, N., Gleeson, J., Alvarez, M., Harrison, A., Vu, D., Susanto, R., Jayaputera, G., & Sinnott, R. (2019). SEMA3: Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment (Version 3) [Computer software]. http://www.sema3.com
   Google Scholar
• Lafay, L., Thomas, F., Mennen, L., Charles, M. A., Eschwege, E., Borys, J. M., & Basdevant, A. (2001). Gender differences in the relation between food cravings and mood in an adult community: Results from the fleurbaix laventie ville santé study. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(2), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108x(200103)29:2<195::aid-eat1009>3.0.co;2-n
   Google Scholar
• May, J., Andrade, J., Kavanagh, D., & Penfound, L. (2008). Imagery and strength of craving for eating, drinking, and playing sport. Cognition & Emotion, 22(4), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701446296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J., Andrade, J., Panabokke, N., & Kavanagh, D. (2004). Images of desire: Cognitive models of craving. Memory (Hove, England), 12(4), 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Andrade, J. (2015). The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of desire: A 10-year retrospective and implications for addiction treatments. Addictive Behaviors, 44, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meule, A., Hermann, T., & Kübler, A. (2014). A short version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait: The FCQ-T-reduced. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 190 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meule, A., & Hormes, J. M. (2015). Chocolate versions of the Food Cravings Questionnaires. Associations with chocolate exposure-induced salivary flow and ad libitum chocolate consumption. Appetite, 91, 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, S., Warren, C. S., Rodríguez, S., Fernández, M. C., & Cepeda-Benito, A. (2009). Food cravings discriminate between anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Implications for “success” versus “failure” in dietary restriction. Appetite, 52(3), 588–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.01.011
   Google Scholar
• Myin-Germeys, I., Kasanova, Z., Vaessen, T., Vachon, H., Kirtley, O., Viechtbauer, W., & Reininghaus, U. (2018). Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: New insights and technical developments. World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 17(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelchat, M. L. (1997). Food cravings in young and elderly adults. Appetite, 28(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1996.0063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelchat, M. L. (2002). Of human bondage: Food craving, obsession, compulsion, and addiction. Physiology & Behavior, 76(3), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00757-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & Mills, J. S. (2020). What is restrained eating and how do we identify it? Appetite, 155, 104820 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reeder, R. R. (2017). Individual differences shape the content of visual representations. Vision Res, 141, 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichenberger, J., Pannicke, B., Arend, A.-K., Petrowski, K., & Blechert, J. (2021). Does stress eat away at you or make you eat? EMA measures of stress predict day to day food craving and perceived food intake as a function of trait stress-eating. Psychology & Health, 36(2), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1781122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichenberger, J., Richard, A., Smyth, J. M., Fischer, D., Pollatos, O., & Blechert, J. (2018). It’s craving time: Time of day effects on momentary hunger and food craving in daily life. Nutrition, 55-56, 15–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard, A., Meule, A., Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2017). Food cravings in everyday life: An EMA study on snack-related thoughts, cravings, and consumption. Appetite, 113, 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, E., Hardman, C. A., Halford, J. C., & Jones, A. (2015). Eating under observation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect that heightened awareness of observation has on laboratory measured energy intake. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(2), 324–337. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.111195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roefs, A., Boh, B., Spanakis, G., Nederkoorn, C., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., & Jansen, A. (2019). Food craving in daily life: Comparison of overweight and normal-weight participants with ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics : The Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association, 32(6), 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher, S., Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2018). Cognitive defusion and guided imagery tasks reduce naturalistic food cravings and consumption: A field study. Appetite, 127, 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher, S., Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2019). The food craving experience: Thoughts, images and resistance as predictors of craving intensity and consumption. Appetite, 133, 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahriari, E., Torres, I. M., Zúñiga, M. A., & Alfayez, N. (2019). Picture this: The role of mental imagery in induction of food craving – a theoretical framework based on the elaborated intrusion theory. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-02-2018-2553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, R., Gu, P., Hart, R., & Guarnaccia, J. B. (2019). Food craving, cortisol and ghrelin responses in modeling highly palatable snack intake in the laboratory. Physiology & Behavior, 208, 112563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiggemann, M., & Kemps, E. (2005). The phenomenology of food cravings: The role of mental imagery. Appetite, 45(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2005.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verzijl, C. L., Ahlich, E., Schlauch, R. C., & Rancourt, D. (2018). The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating. Appetite, 123, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, G.-J., Shokri Kojori, E., Yuan, K., Wiers, C. E., Manza, P., Wong, C. T., Fowler, J. S., & Volkow, N. D. (2020). Inhibition of food craving is a metabolically active process in the brain in obese men. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 44(3), 590–600. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0484-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, M. A., Whisenhunt, B. L., Williamson, D. A., Greenway, F. L., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2002). Development and validation of the food-craving inventory. Obesity Research, 10(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO. (2016). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
   Google Scholar
• Yeomans, M. R., Chambers, L., Blumenthal, H., & Blake, A. (2008). The role of expectancy in sensory and hedonic evaluation: The case of smoked salmon ice-cream. Food Quality and Preference, 19(6), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2008.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar