Spiritual Suffering from Medieval German Mysticism to Mother Teresa: A Psycholinguistic Analysis

REFERENCES

• Ano , G. G. , & Vasconcelles , E. B. ( 2005 ). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 61 , 461 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayduk , O. , & Kross , E. ( 2010 ). Analyzing negative experiences without ruminating: The role of self-distancing in enabling adaptive self-reflection . Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 4 , 841 – 845 .
   Google Scholar
• Barrett , L. F. , & Russell , J. A. ( 1998 ). Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 , 967 – 984 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , N. , Sokal , A. , & Friedman , H. ( 2013 ). The complex dynamics of wishful thinking: The critical positivity ratio . American Psychologist , 68 , 801 – 813 . doi: 10.1037/a0032850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucci , W. ( 1995 ). The power of the narrative: A multiple code account . In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, & health (pp. 93 – 124 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Bucci , W. , & Freedman , N. ( 1981 ). The language of depression . Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 45 , 334 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , R. S. , & Pennebaker , J. W. ( 2003 ). The secret life of pronouns: Flexibility in writing style and physical health . Psychological Science , 14 , 60 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clore , G. L. , Ortony , A. , & Foss , M. A. ( 1987 ). The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 , 751 – 766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Argembeau , A. , & Salmon , E. ( 2012 ). The neural basis of semantic and episodic forms of self-knowledge: Insights from functional neuroimaging . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , 739 , 276 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deikman , A. J. ( 1966 ). De-automatization and the mystic experience . Psychiatry , 29 , 324 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , J. ( 2004 ). Exploration of music, mood, and writing: A look at musical mood induction with the Sundararajan-Schubert Word Count Text-analysis Program (Unpublished senior honors thesis). Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Exline , J. J. , & Rose , E. ( 2005 ). Religious and spiritual struggles . In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 315 – 330 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Fiedler , K. , Kutzner , F. , & Krueger , J. I. (2012). The long way from α-error control to validity proper: Problems with a short-sighted false-positive debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 7, 661–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa , E. , & Kozak , M. ( 1986 ). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information . Psychological Bulletin , 99 , 20 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. ( 2001 ). Affect and information processing strategies: An interactive relationship . In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Feeling and thinking/The role of affect in social cognition (pp. 253 – 282 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. ( 2013 ). Updated thinking on positivity ratios . American Psychologist , 68 , 814 – 822 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. , & Losada , M. F. ( 2005 ). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing . American Psychologist , 60 , 678 – 686 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , H. , Krippner , S. , Riebel , L. , & Johnson , C. ( 2010 ). Transpersonal and other models of spiritual development . International Journal of Transpersonal Studies , 29 , 79 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Friesen , A. ( 1990 ). Thomas Muentzer, a destroyer of the godless/The making of a sixteenth-century religious revolutionary . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. H. ( 2007 ). The laws of emotion . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher , S. , & Marcel , A. J. ( 1999 ). The self in contextualized action . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 6 , 4 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , L. S. ( 2002 ). Integrating an emotion-focused approach to treatment into psychotherapy integration . Journal of Psychotherapy Integration , 12 , 154 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Haas , A. ( 1985 ). Preface . In M. Shrady (Trans) , Johannes Tauler/Sermons (pp. xiii – xvi ). New York , NY : Paulist .
   Google Scholar
• Hitchens , C. ( 2007 , Aug. 29 ). Teresa, bright and dark . Newsweek .
   Google Scholar
• Hoopes , J. (Ed.). ( 1991 ). Peirce on signs . Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , W. ( 1983 ). From interpretation to revolution: Thomas Müntzer's use of ‘starcke vorgleichung,’ ‘leyden’ and ‘gesetz’ (Unpublished dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Kihlstrom , J. F. , Mulvaney , S. , Tobias , B. A. , & Tobis , I. P. ( 2000 ). The emotional unconscious . In E. Eich , J. F. Kihlstrom , G. H. Bower , J. P. Forgas , & P. M. Niedenthal (Eds.), Cognition and emotion (pp. 30 – 86 ). New York , NY : Oxford University .
   Google Scholar
• Kolodiejchuk , B. (Ed.). ( 2007 ). Mother Teresa: Come be my light . New York , NY : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Kross , E. , & Ayduk , O. ( 2008 ). Facilitating adaptive emotional analysis: Distinguishing distanced-analysis of depressive experiences from immersed-analysis and distraction . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 34 , 924 – 938 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kross , E. , Ayduk , O. , & Mischel , W. ( 2005 ). When asking “why” doesn't hurt: Distinguishing reflective processing of negative emotions from rumination . Psychological Science , 16 , 709 – 715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kross , E. , Duckworth , A. , Ayduk , O. , Tsukayama , E. , & Mischel , W. ( 2011 ). The effect of self-distancing on adaptive versus maladaptive self reflection in children . Emotion , 11 , 1032 – 1039 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamiell , J. T. ( 1997 ). Individuals and the differences between them . In R. Hogan , J. A. Johnson , & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 117 – 141 ). New York , NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lane , R. D. , Quinlan , D. , Schwartz , G. E. , Walker , P. , & Zeitlin , S. ( 1990 ). The levels of emotional awareness scale: A cognitive-developmental measure of emotion . Journal of Personality Assessment , 55 , 124 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legrand , D. , & Ruby , P. ( 2009 ). What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results . Psychological Review , 116 , 252 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire , W. J. ( 2013 ). An additional future for psychological science . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 8 , 414 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson , P. ( 1988 ). The collected works of Thomas Müntzer . Edinburgh , Scotland : T. & T. Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , Wisco , B. , & Lyubomirsky , S. ( 2008 ). Rethinking rumination . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 3 , 400 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Malley , M. A. , & Soyer , O. S. ( 2012 ). The roles of integration in molecular systems biology . Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , 43 , 58 – 68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ortony , A. , Clore , G. , & Collins , A. ( 1988 ). The cognitive structure of emotions . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University .
   Google Scholar
• Ortony , A. , Clore , G. , & Foss , M. A. ( 1987 ). The referential structure of the affective lexicon . Cognitive Science , 11 , 341 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto , R. ( 1970 ). The idea of the holy (John W. Harvey, Trans.) . London , England : Oxford University Press . (Original work published 1923)
   Google Scholar
• Pargament , K. I. , Koenig , H. G. , Tarakeshwar , N. , & Hahn , J. (2001). Religious struggle as a predictor of mortality among medically ill elderly patients: A 2-year longitudinal study. Archives of Internal Medicine , 161, 1881–1885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul , C. M. ( August 11 , 2010 ). Who betrayed Mother Teresa? Retrieved from http://cmpaul.wordpress.com/2010/08/11/who-betrayed-mother-teresa/
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker , J. W. , Francis , M. E. , & Booth , R. J. ( 2001 ). Linguistic inquiry and word count/LIWC2001 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker , J. W. , Mayne , T. J. , & Francis , M. E. ( 1997 ). Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 , 863 – 871 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , L. H. , Shahabi , L. , & Thoresen , C. E. ( 2003 ). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health . American Psychologist , 58 , 36 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese , H. W. , & Overton , W. F. ( 1970 ). Models of development and theories of development . In L. R. Goulet & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology: Research and theory (pp. 115 – 145 ). New York , NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , M. D. , & Oishi , S. ( 2006 ). Trait self-report as a “fill in” belief system: Categorization speed moderates the extraversion/life satisfaction relation . Self and Identity , 5 , 15 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saint John of the Cross . ( 2003 ). Dark night of the soul . Mineola , NY : Dover .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , J. ( 1985 ). Introduction . In M. Shrady (Trans) , Johannes Tauler/Sermons (pp. 1 – 34 ). New York , NY : Paulist .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , T. ( 1989 ). Thomas Muentzer/Theology and revolution in the German reformation . New York , NY : St. Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Shrady , M. (Trans.) . ( 1985 ). Johannes Tauler/Sermons . New York , NY : Paulist .
   Google Scholar
• Scheff , T. J. ( 1979 ). Catharsis in healing, ritual, and drama . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stirman , S. W. , & Pennebaker , J. W. ( 2001 ). Word use in the poetry of suicide and non-suicide poets . Psychosomatic Medicine , 63 , 517 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , L. ( 2002 ). Religious awe: Potential contributions of negative theology to psychology, “positive” or otherwise . Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology , 22 , 174 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , L. ( 2008 ). Mystics, true and false: How to tell them apart, if both profess the same URAM? Ultimate Reality and Meaning , 31 , 183 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , L. , & Kim , C. ( 2011 ). Beyond I-you-me: An empirically supported formulation of the triadic self . American Sociologist , 42 , 220 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , L. , Kim , C. , Reynolds , M. , & Brewin , C. R. ( 2010 ). Language, emotion, and health: A semiotic perspective on the writing cure . In S. C. Hamel (Ed.), Semiotics: Theory and applications (pp. 65 – 97 ). New York , NY : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , L. , & Schubert , L. K. ( 2005 ). Verbal expressions of self and emotions: A taxonomy with implications for alexithymia and related disorders . In R. D. Ellis & N. Newton (Eds.), Consciousness & emotion: Agency, conscious choice, and selective perception (pp. 243 – 284 ). Amsterdam , The Netherlands : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Teasdale , J. D. , Moore , R. G. , Hayhurst , H. , Pope , M. , Williams , S. , & Segal , Z. ( 2002 ). Meta-cognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 70 , 275 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underhill , E. ( 1961 ). Mysticism . New York , NY : E. P. Dutton . (Original work published 1911)
   Google Scholar
• Van Biema , D. ( 2007 , Aug. 23 ). Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith [Letter to the editor] . Time .
   Google Scholar
• Van Biema , D. ( 2012 , Aug. 24 ). Why Mother Teresa Still Matters . TIMEIdeas , 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Warren , R. ( 2010 , Aug. 31 ). Introduction . In D. Van Biema & R. Lacayo (Eds.), Mother Teresa at 100/The life and works of a modern saint (pp. 6 – 7 ). New York , NY : TIME Books .
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. ( 2004 ). Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing . Behavior Research and Therapy , 42 , 1037 – 1052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. R. , & Moulds , M. ( 2005 ). Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus: Impact of abstract versus concrete rumination on problem solving in depression . Emotion , 5 , 319 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. , & Teasdale , J. D. ( 2001 ). Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of self-focus and analytic thinking . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 110 , 353 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. , & Teasdale , J. D. ( 2004 ). Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression . Journal of Affective Disorders , 82 , 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , E. , Teasdale , J. D. , & Williams , R. M. ( 2000 ). Decentering and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression . Psychological Medicine , 30 , 911 – 920 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley , N. ( 1994 ). The semiotic self . Chicago , IL : University of Chicago .
   Google Scholar
• Zelazo , P. D. (2000). Minds in the (re-)Making: Imitation and the dialectic of representation. In J. W. Astington (Ed.), Minds in the making: Essays in honour of David R. Olson (pp. 143–164). Oxford : Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Zinken , J. , Sundararajan , L. , Butler , L. , & Skinner , T. C. ( 2006 , August ). Why is language indicative of mental health state? An exploration of lexicon and syntax. Symposium conducted at the Self and Emotion as Semiotic Signs: Rediscovering Charles Sanders Peirce, 114th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans .
   Google Scholar