THROMBOLYTICS FOR HYPERACUTE STROKE IN CHILDREN

REFERENCES

• Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581–1587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiatkowski T G, Libman R B, Frankel M, et al. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1781–1787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• deVeber G A, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S. Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 316–324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullerton H J, Chetkovich D M, Wu Y W, Smith W S, Johnston S C. Deaths from stroke in US children. Neurology 1979 to 1998; 59: 34–39, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Ganesan V, Hogan A, Shack N, Gordon A, Isaacs E, Kirkham F J. Outcome after ischaemic stroke in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42: 455–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo W, Zamel K, Ponnappa K, et al. The cost of pediatric stroke care and rehabilitation. Stroke 2008; 39: 161–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon B C, Kertesz N J, Friedman R A, Fenrich A L. Use of tissue plasminogen activator in a stroke after radiofrequency ablation of a left-sided accessory pathway. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001; 12: 723–725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson M D, Leber S, Deveikis J, Silverstein F S. Successful use of rt-PA in pediatric stroke. Neurology 2001; 57: 157–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losurdo G, Giacchino R, Castagnola E, et al. Cerebrovascular disease and varicella in children. Brain Dev 2006; 28: 366–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noser E A, Felberg R A, Alexandrov A V. Thrombolytic therapy in an adolescent ischemic stroke. J Child Neurol 2001; 16: 286–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuayto M I, Lopez J I, Greiner F. Administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in a pediatric patient with acute ischemic stroke. J Child Neurol 2006; 21: 604–606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirumalai S S, Shubin R A. Successful treatment for stroke in a child using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott P A, Silbergleit R. Misdiagnosis of stroke in tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients: Characteristics and outcomes. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 42: 611–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shellhaas R A, Smith S E, O’Tool E, Licht D J, Ichord R N. Mimics of childhood stroke: Characteristics of a prospective cohort 27018. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 704–709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn J H, Viereck J, Kase C, et al. The use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. J Emerg Med 2005; 29: 273–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlennan C, Ganesan V. Delays in investigation and management of acute arterial ischaemic stroke in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50: 537–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Zoppo G J, Higashida R T, Furlan A J, Pessin M S, Rowley H A, Gent M. PROACT: A phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. PROACT Investigators. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. Stroke 1998; 29: 4–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: A randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 1999; 282: 2003–2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi A I, Suri M F, Shatla A A, et al. Intraarterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke: An accelerating dosing regimen. Neurosurgery 2000; 47: 473–476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaidat O O, Suarez J I, Santillan C, et al. Response to intra-arterial and combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in patients with distal internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke 2002; 33: 1821–1826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutsep H L, Rymer M M, Nesbit G M. Vertebrobasilar revascularization rates and outcomes in the MERCI and multi-MERCI trials. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 17: 55–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molina C A, Saver J L. Extending reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: Emerging pharmacological, mechanical, and imaging strategies. Stroke 2005; 36: 2311–2320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew M, Vegh P, Johnston M, Bowker J, Ofosu F, Mitchell L. Maturation of the hemostatic system during childhood. Blood 1992; 80: 1998–2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monagle P, Barnes C, Ignjatovic V, et al. Developmental haemostasis: Impact for clinical haemostasis laboratories. Thromb Haemost 2006; 95: 362–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmar N, Albisetti M, Berry L R, Chan A K. The fibrinolytic system in newborns and children. Clin Lab 2006; 52: 115–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegbahn A, Ruusuvaara L. Age dependence of blood fibrinolytic components and the effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on coagulation and fibrinolysis in teenagers. Thromb Haemost 1988; 60: 361–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Hays T, Balasa V, et al. Low-dose tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25: 379–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amlie-Lefond C, Chan A, Ichord R, deVeber G, and members of the IPSS. tPA in children with arterial ischemic stroke: Cases from the IPSS compared with the literature-based cases. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5(suppl 2)579
   Google Scholar
• Ganesan V, Chong W K, Cox T C, Chawda S J, Prengler M, Kirkham F J. Posterior circulation stroke in childhood: Risk factors and recurrence. Neurology 2002; 59: 1552–1556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirton A, Wong J H, Mah J, et al. Successful endovascular therapy for acute basilar thrombosis in an adolescent. Pediatrics 2003; 112(3 Pt 1)e248–e251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roach E S, Golomb M R, Adams R, et al. Management of stroke in infants and children: A Scientific Statement from a Special Writing Group of the American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Stroke 2008; 39: 2644–2691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar