Harm Reduction Behaviors Among Young Polysubstance Users at Raves

REFERENCES

• Anderson , T L and Kavanaugh , P R . 2007 . A “rave” review; conceptual interests and analytical shifts in research on rave culture . Soc Compass. , 1 : 499 – 519 .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , S R , Barrett , S P , Shestowsky , J S and Pihl , R O . 2002 . Ecstasy and drug consumption patterns: a Canadian rave population study . Can J Psychiatry. , 47 : 546 – 551 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir , E . 2002 . Raves: a review of the culture, the drugs and the prevention of harm . CMAJ. , 162 : 1843 – 1848 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson , M A , Coupey , S M , Weir , E and Rickert , V I . 2002 . Rave culture and drug rape . J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. , 15 : 251 – 257 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kavanaugh , P R and Anderson , T L . 2008 . Solidarity and drug use in the electronic dance music scene . Sociol Q. , 49 : 181 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaughan , J A , Carlson , R G , Falck , R S and Siegal , H A . 2005 . From “candy kids” to “chemi-kids”: a typology of young adults who attend raves in the midwestern United States . Subst Use Misuse. , 40 : 1503 – 1523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeri , M W , Sterk , C E and Elifson , K W . 2004 . Rolling beyond raves; ecstasy use outside the rave setting . J Drug Issues. , 34 : 831 – 860 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlaf , E M and Smart , R G . 1997 . Party subculture or dens of doom? An epidemiological study of rave attendance and drug use patterns among adolescent students . J Psychoactive Drugs , 29 : 193 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett , S P , Gross , S R , Garand , I and Pihl , R O . 2005 . Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in Canadian rave . Subst Use Misuse. , 40 : 1525 – 1537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Calderón , F , Lozano , O M Vidal , C . 2011 . Polysubstance use patterns in underground rave attenders: a cluster analysis . J Drug Educ. , 41 : 183 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krul , J and Girbes , A R . 2011 . Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: experience of 9 years of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-related incidents during rave parties in The Netherlands . Clin Toxicol. , 49 : 311 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delva , J , Smith , M P , Howell , R L , Harrison , D F , Wilke , D and Jackson , L . 2004 . A study of the relationship between protective behaviors and drinking consequences among undergraduate college students . J Am Coll Health. , 53 : 19 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , M P , Barker , G and Rice , R M . 2006 . The personal protective behaviors in college student drinkers: evidence of indigenous protective norms . J Am Coll Health. , 55 : 69 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , M H , Curtis , T , Christensen , P H and Grønbæk , M . 2007 . Harm minimization among teenage drinkers: findings from an ethnographic study on teenage alcohol use in a rural Danish community . Addiction. , 102 : 554 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens , M P , Taylor , K K , Damann , K M , Page , J C , Mowry , E S and Cimini , M D . 2004 . Protective behavioral strategies when drinking alcohol and their relationship to negative alcohol-related consequences in college students . Psychol Addict Behav. , 18 : 390 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werch , C E . 1990 . Behavioral self-control strategies for deliberately limiting drinking among college students . Addict Behav. , 15 : 119 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram , G and Galt , M . 1999 . A profile of harm-reduction practices and co-use of illicit and licit drugs amongst users of dance drugs . Drug Educ Prevent Policy , 6 : 215 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacinto , C , Duterte , M , Sales , P and Murphy , S . 2008 . Maximising the highs and minimising tha lows: harm reduction guidance within ecstasy distribution networks . Int J Drug Policy. , 19 : 393 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , B C . 2009 . Mediating MDMA-related harm: preloading and post-loading among ecstasy-using youth . J Psychoactive Drugs. , 41 : 19 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panagopoulos , I and Ricciardelli , L A . 2005 . Harm reduction and decision making among recreational ecstasy users . Int J Drug Policy. , 16 : 54 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt , G , Evans , K , Moloney , M and Bailey , N . 2009 . Combining different substances in the dance scene: enhancing pleasure, managing risk and timing effects . J Drug Issues. , 39 : 495 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Wijngaart , V , Braam , R , Bruin , D , Fris , M , Maalsté , N JM and Verbraeck , H T . 1999 . Ecstasy use at large-scale dance events in The Netherlands . J Drug Issues. , 29 : 679 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission . 2004 . Understanding the Youth And Young Adult Perspective of Raving in Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , , Canada : Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission . [summary report], Available at: http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/Researchers/if-res-profile-raving-in-alberta.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Lenton , S and Davidson , P . 1999 . Raves, drugs, dealing and driving: qualitative data from a West Australian sample . Drug Alcohol Rev. , 18 : 153 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley , S CE , James , C , Gregory , D , Dingle , H and Cadger , M . 2001 . Patterns of recreational drug use at dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland . Addiction. , 96 : 1035 – 1047 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley , S CE and Hayward , E . 2004 . Patterns, trends, and meanings of drug use by dance-drug users in Edinburgh, Scotland . Drug Educ Prevent Policy. , 11 : 243 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boys , A , Lenton , S and Norcross , K . 1997 . Polydrug use at raves by a Western Australian sample . Drug Alcohol Rev , 16 : 227 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yacoubian , G S , Boyle , C , Harding , C A and Loftus , E A . 2003 . It's a rave new world: estimating the prevalence and perceived harm of ecstasy and other drug use among club rave attendees . J Drug Educ. , 33 : 187 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Observatorio Español sobre Drogas . 2007 . Encuesta domiciliaria sobre alcohol y drogas en España (EDADES), 1995–2007 , Madrid : Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Ministerio del Interior .
   Google Scholar
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . 2010 . Annual Report on the State on the Drugs Problem in Europe , Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union . Available at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_120104_EN_EMCDDA_AR2010_EN.pdf. Accessed February 26, 2012
   Google Scholar
• 2012 . Energy Control Web site . 162 Available at: www.energycontrol.org. Accessed April 10, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Rieder , MJ . 2000 . Some light from the heat: implications of rave parties for clinicians . CMAJ. , 25 : 1829 – 1830 .
   Google Scholar
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . 2009 . Polydrug Use: Pattens and Responses , Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union . Available at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_93217_EN_EMCDDA_SI09_polydrug%20use.pdf. Accessed March 3, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Observatorio Español sobre Drogas . 2007 . Urgencias hospitalarias relacionadas con el consumo de drogas, 1996–2007 , Madrid : Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Ministerio del Interior .
   Google Scholar
• Ritter , A and Cameron , J . 2006 . A review of the efficacy and effectiveness of harm reduction strategies for alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs . Drug Alcohol Rev. , 86 : 611 – 624 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleeker , A , Silins , E , Dillon , P , Simpson , M , Copeland , J and Hickey , K . 2009 . The Feasibility of Peer-Led Interventions to Deliver Health Information to Ecstasy and Related Drug (ERDS) Users , Sydney : University of New South Wales . Technical Report Number 299, Available at: http://www.med.unsw.edu.au/NDARCWeb.nsf/resources/TR+298-302/$file/TR+299.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Chinet , L , Stéphan , P , Zobel , F and Halfon , O . 2007 . Party drug use in techno nights: a field survey among French-speaking Swiss attendees . Pharmacol Biochem Behav , 6 : 284 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branigan , P and Wellings , K . 1999 . Acceptance of the harm minimization message in london clubs and underground system . Drug Educ Prevent Policy. , : 389 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar