128
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

Transforming an educational ecosystem for substance use disorders: A multi-modal model for continuous curricular improvement and institutional change

, PhDORCID Icon, , PhD, PMHNP-BCORCID Icon, , MPHORCID Icon, , MDORCID Icon & , PhD, MPH, FNP, PMHNPORCID Icon

References

  • Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet 2010;376(9756):1923–1958.
  • Andrilla CHA, Coulthard C, Larson EH. Changes in the Supply of Physicians with a DEA DATA Waiver to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder. Data Brief #162. Seattle, WA: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington; 2017.
  • Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Area Health Resources Files. https://data.hrsa.gov/topics/health-workforce/ahrf. Accessed April 29, 2022.
  • Rasyidi E, Wilkins JN, Danovitch I. Training the next generation of providers in addiction medicine. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(2):461–480.
  • Starr P. The Social Transformation of American Medicine. Updated edition. New York: Basic Books; 2017.
  • Graves JA, Mishra P, Dittus RS, Parikh R, Perloff J, Buerhaus PI. Role of geography and nurse practitioner scope-of-practice in efforts to expand primary care system capacity: health reform and the primary care workforce. Med Care. 2016;54(1):81–89.
  • Rosenblatt RA, Andrilla CH, Catlin M, Larson EH. Geographic and specialty distribution of US physicians trained to treat opioid use disorder. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13(1):23–26.
  • Cooke M, Irby DM, O’Brien BC. Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. Stanford: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Jossey-Bass; 2010.
  • Lucey CR. Medical education: part of the problem and part of the solution. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(17):1639–1643.
  • Saha S, Guiton G, Wimmers PF, Wilkerson L. Student body racial and ethnic composition and diversity-related outcomes in US medical schools. JAMA 2008;300(10):1135–1145.
  • Guevara JP, Wade R, Aysola J. Racial and ethnic diversity at medical schools – Why aren’t we there yet? N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1732–1734.
  • Diffey L, Mignone J. Implementing anti-racist pedagogy in health professional education: a realist review. Health Edu Care. 2017;2(1):e1000114.
  • Muzyk A, Smothers ZPW, Andolsek KM, et al. Interprofessional substance use disorder education in health professions education programs: a scoping review. Acad Med. 2020;95(3):470–480.
  • Ellison J. To counter health impacts of racism, UW school of nursing establishing center for antiracism in nursing. University of Washington News. February 5, 2021. https://www.washington.edu/news/2021/02/05/to-counter-health-impacts-of-racism-uw-school-of-nursing-establishing-center-for-antiracism-in-nursing/
  • Bednarz H, Schim S, Doorenbos A. Cultural diversity in nursing education: perils, pitfalls, and pearls. J Nurs Educ. 2010;49(5):253–260.
  • Hafferty FW, O’Donnell JF. (Eds). The Hidden Curriculum in Health Professional Educatio. Hanover: Dartmouth College Press; 2015.
  • Thomas PA, Kern DE, Hughes MT, Chen BY. Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2015.
  • Hafferty FW, Franks R. The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Acad Med. 1994;69(11):861–871.
  • Hafferty FW. Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine’s hidden curriculum. Acad Med. 1998;73(4):403–407.
  • Haidet P, Kelly PA, Bentley S, et al. Not the same everywhere: patient-centered learning environments at nine medical schools. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(5):405–409.
  • Wear D. On white coats and professional development: the formal and the hidden curricula. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129(9):734–737.
  • Haidet P, Stein HF. The role of the student-teacher relationship in the formation of physicians. The hidden curriculum as process. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(S1):S16–S20.
  • Gaufberg EH, Batalden M, Sands R, Bell SK. The hidden curriculum: What can we learn from third-year medical student narrative reflections? Acad Med. 2010;85(11):1709–1716.
  • Karnieli-Miller O, Vu TR, Holtman MC, Clyman SG, Inui TS. Medical students’ professionalism narratives: a window on the informal and hidden curriculum [published correction appears in Acad Med. 2011 Jan;86(1):29]. Acad Med. 2010;85(1):124–133.
  • Ewen S, Mazel O, Knoche D. Exposing the hidden curriculum influencing medical education on the health of Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand: the role of the Critical Reflection Tool. Acad Med. 2012;87(2):200–205.
  • Higashi RT, Tillack A, Steinman MA, Johnston CB, Harper GM. The 'worthy' patient: rethinking the 'hidden curriculum' in medical education. Anthropol Med. 2013;20(1):13–23.
  • O’Donnell JF. Introduction: the hidden curriculum – a focus on learning and closing the gap. In: Hafferty FW, O’Donnell JF, eds. The Hidden Curriculum in Health Professional Education. Hanover: Dartmouth College Press; 2014:1–20.
  • Lawrence C, Mhlaba T, Stewart KA, Moletsane R, Gaede B, Moshabela M. The hidden curricula of medical education: a scoping review. Acad Med. 2018;93(4):648–656.
  • Martimianakis MA, Hafferty FW. Exploring the interstitial space between the ideal and the practised: humanism and the hidden curriculum of system reform. Med Educ. 2016;50(3):278–280.
  • Mulder H, Ter Braak E, Chen HC, Ten Cate O. Ten Cate O. Addressing the hidden curriculum in the clinical workplace: a practical tool for trainees and faculty. Med Teach. 2019;41(1):36–43.
  • Day L, Benner P. The hidden curriculum in nursing education. In Hafferty FW, ed. The Hidden Curriculum in Health Professional Education. Hanover: Dartmouth College Press; 2015:140–149.
  • Fryer-Edwards K, Van Eaton E, Goldstein EA, et al. Overcoming institutional challenges through continuous professionalism improvement: The University of Washington experience. Acad Med. 2007;82(11):1073–1078.
  • Goldstein EA, Maestas RR, Fryer-Edwards K, et al. Professionalism in medical education: an institutional challenge. Acad Med. 2006;81(10):871–876.
  • Hafferty FW, O’Donnell JF. (Eds). The Hidden Curriculum in Health Professional Education. Hanover: Dartmouth College Press; 2015:34.
  • Martimianakis MA, Michalec B, Lam J, Cartmill C, Taylor JS, Hafferty FW. Humanism, the hidden curriculum, and educational reform: a scoping review and thematic analysis. Acad Med. 2015;90(11 Suppl):S5–S13.
  • Smith KL, Saavedra R, Raeke JL, O’Donell AA. The journey to creating a campus-wide culture of professionalism. Acad Med. 2007;82(11):1015–1021.
  • Clancy C, Oyefeso A. Getting addiction into the nursing education “water supply”: a u.k. case study. Ujan. 2019;30(3):149–158.
  • MacLeod A. The hidden curriculum: is it time to re-consider the concept? Med Teach. 2014;36(6):539–540.
  • Servis M, Fishman SM, Wallace MS, et al. Responding to the opioid epidemic: educational competencies for pain and substance use disorder from the medical schools of the University of California. Pain Med. 2021;22(1):60–66.
  • Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Published 2019. How Academic Medicine is Addressing the Opioid Epidemic. https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/opioids. Accessed April 29, 2022.
  • Ayu AP, El-Guebaly N, Schellekens A, et al. Core addiction medicine competencies for doctors: an international consultation on training. Subst Abus. 2017;38(4):483–487.
  • Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Addiction Counseling Competencies: The Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Professional Practice. Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) Series 21. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4171. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2006.
  • Rundio A, Lorman WJ. Core Curriculum of Addictions Nursing. 3rd ed. Raleigh: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015.
  • Irby DM. Improving environments for learning in the health professions. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation in April 2018; New York, NY: Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation; 2018.
  • Gruppen LD, Irby DM, Durning SJ, Maggio LA. Conceptualizing learning environments in the health professions. Acad Med. 2019;94(7):969–974.
  • Gruppen L, Irby D, Durning S, Maggio L. Interventions designed to improve the learning environment in the health professions: a scoping review. MedEdPublish 2018;7:211. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2018.0000211.1
  • Lindsay DL, Hagle H, Lincoln P, Williams J, Luongo PF. Exploring medical students’ conceptions of substance use: a follow-up evaluation. Subst Abus. 2017;38(4):464–467.
  • Avery J, Han BH, Zerbo E, et al. Changes in psychiatry residents’ attitudes towards individuals with substance use disorders over the course of residency training. Am J Addict. 2017;26(1):75–79.
  • Werder K, Curtis A, Reynolds S, Satterfield J. Addressing bias and stigma in the language we use with persons with opioid use disorder: a narrative review. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2022;28(1):9–22.
  • Kronman AC, Paasche-Orlow M, Orlander JD. Factors associated with disclosure of medical errors by housestaff. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(4):271–278.
  • Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: a guide for medical educators. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):718–725.
  • Dion K. Teaching nursing students how to decrease the stigma against people who use drugs. Nurse Educ. 2019;44(6):335–337.
  • P Goddu A, O'Conor KJ, Lanzkron S, et al. Do words matter? Stigmatizing language and the transmission of bias in the medical record. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(5):685–691. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4289-2
  • Goldie J. The formation of professional identity in medical students: considerations for educators. Med Teach. 2012; 34(9):e641–e648. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.687476
  • Hunter K, Cook C. Role‐modelling and the hidden curriculum: new graduate nurses’ professional socialisation. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(15–16):3157–3170. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14510
  • Lewin LO, McManamon A, Stein MT, Chen DT. Minding the form that transforms: using Kegan’s model of adult development to understand personal and professional identity formation in medicine. Acad Med. 2019;94(9):1299–1304.
  • Morreale K, Balon R, Aggarwal R, et al. Substance use disorders education: are we heeding the call? Acad Psychiatry. 2020;44(2):119–121. doi:10.1007/s40596-020-01204-1
  • Yakov G, Riskin A, Flugelman A. Mechanisms involved in the formation of professional identity by medical students. Med Teach. 2021;43(4):428–438. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2020.1854706
  • Satterfield J, Carney P. Aligning Medical Education with the Nation’s Health Priorities: Innovations in Physician Training in Behavioral and Social Sciences. In: Kaplan R, Spittel M, David D (Eds.), Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights. AHRQ Publication No. 15-0002. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health; 2015:385–402. https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/population-health.pdf
  • Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. London: University of Chicago Press; 1970.
  • Association of American Medical Colleges. Diversity in medicine: Facts and figures 2019. https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/report/diversity-medicine-facts-and-figures-2019. Published 2019. Accessed April 29, 2022.
  • Guevara JP, Adanga E, Avakame E, Carthon MB. Minority faculty development programs and underrepresented minority faculty representation at US medical schools. JAMA 2013;310(21):2297–2304.
  • Lett LA, Murdock HM, Orji WU, Aysola J, Sebro R. Trends in racial/ethnic representation among US medical students. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(9):e1910490.
  • Mullan F, Chen C, Petterson S, Kolsky G, Spagnola M. The social mission of medical education: ranking the schools. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(12):804–811.
  • Waltz TJ, Powell BJ, Fernández ME, Abadie B, Damschroder LJ. Choosing implementation strategies to address contextual barriers: diversity in recommendations and future directions. Implement Sci. 2019;14(1):42.
  • Kotter JP. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review; 2007. https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/6e5efd05/files/uploaded/Leading%20Change.pdf
  • Loeser H, O’Sullivan P, Irby DM. Leadership lessons from curricular change at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Acad Med. 2007;82(4):324–330.
  • Irby DM, O'Brien BC, Stenfors T, Palmgren PJ. Selecting instruments for measuring the clinical learning environment of medical education: a 4-domain framework. Acad Med. 2021;96(2):218–225.
  • Glasgow RE, Harden SM, Gaglio B, et al. RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework: adapting to new science and practice with a 20-year review. Front Public Health. 2019;7:64–Published 2019 Mar 29.
  • Safaeinili N, Brown-Johnson C, Shaw JG, Mahoney M, Winget M. CFIR simplified: pragmatic application of and adaptations to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for evaluation of a patient-centered care transformation within a learning health system. Learn Health Syst. 2020;4(1):e10201.
  • McKimm J, Jones PK. Twelve tips for applying change models to curriculum design, development and delivery. Med Teach. 2018;40(5):520–526.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.