Biostratigraphic significance of a new early sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil

References

• Abdala F, Ribeiro AM. 2010. Distribution and diversity patterns of Triassic cynodonts (Therapsida, Cynodontia) in Gondwana. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 286:202–217.10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allain R, Aquesbi N. 2008. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. Geodiversitas. 30:345–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreis RR, Bossi GE, Montardo DK. 1980. O Grupo Rosário do Sul (Triássico) no Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil [The group Rosário do Sul (Triassic) in Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil]. Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia. 31. Bal. Camboriú, Anais. Bal. Camburiú: Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia. p. 659–673.
   Google Scholar
• Apaldetti C, Martinez RN, Alcober OA, Pol D. 2011. A new basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes- El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina. PLoS One. 6:e26964.10.1371/journal.pone.0026964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apaldetti C, Pol D, Yates AM. 2013. The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and its phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology. 56:277–301.10.1111/pala.2013.56.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo DC, Gonzaga TD. 1980. Uma nova especie de Jachaleria (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) do Triassico do Brasil [A new species of Jachaleria (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the Triassic of Brazil]. Actas del II Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Biostratigrafía/I Congresso Latinoamericano de Paleontología Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. p. 159–174.
   Google Scholar
• Barboni R, Dutra TL. 2013. New ‘flower’ and leaves of Bennettitales from southern Brazil and their implication in the age of the lower Mesozoic deposits. Ameghiniana. 50:14–32.10.5710/AMGH.28.11.2012.444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton MJ. 1983. Dinosaur success in the Triassic: a noncompetitive ecological model. Q Rev Biol. 58:29–55.10.1086/413056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton MJ, Forth J, Langer MC. 2014. Models for the rise of the dinosaurs. Curr Biol. 24:R87–R95.10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittencourt SJ, Da-Rosa AAS, Schultz CL, Langer MC. 2013. Dinosaur remains from the ‘Botucaraí Hill’ (Caturrita Formation), Late Triassic of south Brazil, and their stratigraphic context. Hist Biol. 25:81–93.10.1080/08912963.2012.694881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittencourt SJ, Leal LA, Langer MC, Azevedo SAK. 2012. An additional basal sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic Caturrita Formation, southern Brazil, with comments on the biogeography of plateosaurids. Alcheringa. 36:269–278.10.1080/03115518.2012.634111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JF. 1966. Una nueva ‘fauna’ triásica de Argentina (Therapsida: Cynodontia, Dicynodontia); consideraciones filogenéticas y paleobiogeográficas. Ameghiniana. 4:243–296.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JF. 1997. El Triásico de San Juan-La Rioja, Argentina y sus dinosaurios [The Triassic of San Juan-La Rioja, Argentina and their dinosaurs]. Buenos Aires: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JF, Ferigolo J, Ribeiro AM. 2001. A primitive late Triassic ‘ictidosaur’ from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology. 44:623–635.10.1111/pala.2001.44.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JF, Ferigolo J, Riberito AM. 1999. A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Nat Sci Mus Monogr. 15:89–109.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JF, Martinelli AG, Schultz CL, Rubert R. 2003. The sister group of Mammals: small cynodonts from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil. Rev Bras Paleontol. 5:5–27.
   Google Scholar
• Brochu CA. 1996. Closure of neurocentral sutures during crocodilian ontogeny: implications for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs. J Vertebr Paleontol. 16:49–62.10.1080/02724634.1996.10011283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabreira SF, Schultz CL, Bittencourt JS, Soares MB, Fortier DC, Silva LR, Langer MC. 2011. New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil. Naturwissenschaften. 98:1035–1040.10.1007/s00114-011-0858-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrano MT. 2006. Body-size evolution in the Dinosauria. In: Carrano MT, Gaudin Tj, Blob RW, Wible JR, editors. Amniote paleobiology: perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Chicago, (IL): University of Chicago Press. p. 225–268.
   Google Scholar
• Cerda IA, Carabajal AP, Salgado L, Coria RA, Reguero MA, Tambussi CP, Moly JJ. 2012. The first record of a sauropod dinosaur from Antarctica. Naturwissenschaften. 99:83–87.10.1007/s00114-011-0869-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper MR. 1981. The prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus Owen from Zimbabwe: its biology, mode of life and phylogenetic significance. Occas Pap Nat Mus Monumen Rhodesia Ser B. 6:689–840.
   Google Scholar
• Ezcurra MD. 2010. A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. J Syst Palaeontol. 8:371–425.10.1080/14772019.2010.484650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galton PM, Kermack D. 2010. The anatomy of Pantydraco caducus, a very basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) of South Wales, UK. Revue de Paléobiologie. 29:341–404.
   Google Scholar
• Galton PM, Upchurch P. 2004. Prosauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Upchurch P, Osmólsca H, editors. The Dinosauria. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 232–258.10.1525/california/9780520242098.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Gauthier JA. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origins of birds. Vol. 8, San Francisco, CA: Memoir of the Californian Academy of Sciences; p. 1–55.
   Google Scholar
• Goloboff PA, Farris JS, Nixon KCC. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics. 24:774–786.10.1111/cla.2008.24.issue-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradstein F, Ogg J, Schmitz M, Ogg G. 2012. The geological time scale 2012. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Horn BLD, Melo TM, Schultz CL, Philipp RP, Kloss HP, Goldberg K. 2014. A new third-order sequence stratigraphic framework applied to the Triassic of the Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on structural, stratigraphic and paleontological data. J S Am Earth Sci. 55:123–132.10.1016/j.jsames.2014.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irmis RB. 2007. Axial skeleton ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs. J Vertebr Paleontol. 27:350–361.10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[350:ASOITP]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irmis RB. 2011. Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs. Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc (Edinburgh). 101:397–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent DV, Malnis PS, Colombi CE, Alcober OA, Martinez RN. 2014. Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina). P Natl Acad Sci. 111:7958–7963.10.1073/pnas.1402369111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoll F. 2010. A primitive sauropodomorph from the upper Elliot Formation of Lesotho. Geol Mag. 147:814–829.10.1017/S001675681000018X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC. 2003. The pelvic and hindlimb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios. 23:1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Langer MC. 2014. The origins of Dinosauria: much ado about nothing. Palaeontology. 57:469–478.10.1111/pala.12108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC, Abdala F, Richter M, Benton MJ. 1999. A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Southern Brazil. Acad Sci Paris Sci Terre et Planetnèt. 329:511–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC, Benton MJ. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. J Syst Palaeontol. 4:309–358.10.1017/S1477201906001970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC, Bittencourt JS, Schultz CL. 2011. A reassessment of the basal dinosaur Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of south Brazil. Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc (Edinburgh). 101:301–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC, Ezcurra MD, Bittencourt JS, Novas FE. 2010. The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biol Rev. 85:55–110.10.1111/brv.2010.85.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer MC, Ribeiro AM, Schultz CL, Ferigolo J. 2007. The continental tetrapod-bearing Triassic of South Brazil. Bull AM Mus Nat Hist Sci. 41:201–218.
   Google Scholar
• Leal LA, Azevedo SAK, Kellner AWA, Da-Rosa AAS. 2004. A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Paraná Basin, Brazil. Zootaxa. 690:1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Carrano MT, Barrett PM. 2011. Testing the effect of the rock record on diversity: a multidisciplinary approach to elucidating the generic richness of sauropodomorph dinosaurs through time. Biol Rev. 86:157–181.10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00139.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez RN. 2009. Adeopapposaurus mognai, gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal Sauropodomorpha. J Vertebr Paleontol. 29:142–164.10.1671/039.029.0102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez RN, Alcober OA. 2009. A basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the early evolution of Sauropodomorpha. PLoS One. 4:e4397.10.1371/journal.pone.0004397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez RN, Sereno PC, Alcober OA, Colombi CE, Renne PR, Montañez IP, Currie BS. 2011. A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea. Science. 331:201–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhee BW, Bonnan MF, Yates AM, Neveling J, Choiniere JN. 2015. A new basal sauropod from the pre-Toarcian Jurassic of South Africa: evidence of niche-partitioning at the sauropodomorph–sauropod boundary? Sci Rep. 5:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhee BW, Choiniere JN, Yates AM, Viglietti PA. 2015. A second species of Eucnemesaurus Van Hoepen, 1920 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new information of the diversity and evolution of the sauropodomorph fauna of South Africa’s lower Elliot Formation (latest Triassic). J Vertebr Paleontol. 29:1–24.
   Google Scholar
• McPhee BW, Yates AM, Choiniere JN, Abdala F. 2014. The complete anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Antetonitrus ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): implications for the origins of Sauropoda. Zool J Linn Soc-Lond. 171:151–205.10.1111/zoj.2014.171.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller RT, Da-Rosa AAS, Silva LR, Aires ASS, Pacheco CP, Pavanatto AEB, Dias-da-Silva S. 2015. Wachholz, a new exquisite dinosaur-bearing fossiliferous site from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. J S Am Earth Sci. 61:120–128.10.1016/j.jsames.2014.10.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller RT, Langer MC, Cabreira SF, Dias-da-Silva S. 2015. The femoral anatomy of Pampadromaeus barberenai based on a new specimen from the Upper Triassic of Brazil. Hist Biol. 28:656–665.
   Google Scholar
• Novas FE. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the basal dinosaurs, the Herrerasauridae. Palaeontology. 35:51–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novas FE. 1994. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. J Vertebr Paleontol. 13:400–423.10.1080/02724634.1994.10011523
   Google Scholar
• Novas FE. 2009. The age of dinosaurs in South America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Novas FE, Ezcurra MD, Chatterjee S, Kutty TS. 2011. New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of Central India. Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc (Edinburgh). 101:333–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otero A, Krupandan E, Pol D, Chinsamy A, Choiniere J. 2015. A new basal sauropodiform from South Africa and the phylogenetic relationships of basal sauropodomorphs. Zool J Linn Soc-Lond. 174:589–634.10.1111/zoj.2015.174.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otero A, Pol D. 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). J Vertebr Paleontol. 33:1138–1168.10.1080/02724634.2013.769444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part II. Rep Br Assoc Adv Sci. 11:60–204.
   Google Scholar
• Peyre de Fabrègues C, Allain R, Barriel V. 2015. Root causes of phylogenetic incongruence observed within basal sauropodomorph interrelationships. Zool J Linn Soc-Lond. 175:569–586.10.1111/zoj.2015.175.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pol D, Powell JE. 2007. New information on Lessemsaurus sauropoides (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Spec Pap Palaeontol. 77:223–243.
   Google Scholar
• Remes K. 2008. Evolution of the pectoral girdle and forelimb in Sauropodomorpha (Dinosauria, Saurischia): osteology, myology and function [thesis]. Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen.
   Google Scholar
• Rohn R, Dutra TL, Cabral MVB. 2014. Conchostráceos como evidência de níveis jurássicos na Formação Caturrita, [Conchostracans as evidence of Jurassic levels in the Caturrita Formation] Faxinal do Soturno, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Geol USP Série Científica. 13:3–20.10.5327/Z1519-874X
   Google Scholar
• Rowe TB, Sues HD, Reisz RR. 2011. Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon. P Roy Soc Lon B Bio. 278:1044–1053.10.1098/rspb.2010.1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz CL, Scherer CMS, Barberena MC. 2000. Bioestratigraphy of southern Brazilian Middle-Upper Triassic. Rev Bras Geoci. 30:495–498.
   Google Scholar
• Seeley HG. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. P Roy Soc Lon B Bio. 43:165–171.
   Google Scholar
• Sereno PC. 1989. Prosauropod monophyly and basal sauropodomorph phylogeny. J Vertebr Paleontol. 9:38A.
   Google Scholar
• Sereno PC, Forster CA, Rogers RR, Monetta AM. 1993. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature. 361:64–66.10.1038/361064a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno PC, Martínez RN, Alcober OA. 2012. Osteology of Eoraptor lunensis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). J Vertebr Paleontol. 32(sup1):83–179.10.1080/02724634.2013.820113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sertich JJW, Loewen MA. 2010. A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah. PLoS One. 5:e9789.10.1371/journal.pone.0009789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva RC, Barboni R, Dutra TL, Godoy MM, Binotto RB. 2012. Footprints of large theropod dinosaurs and implications on the age of Triassic biotas from Southern Brazil. J S Am Earth Sci. 39:16–23.10.1016/j.jsames.2012.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Upchurch P, Osmólsca H, editors. The Dinosauria. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 259–322.10.1525/california/9780520242098.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Galton PM. 2007. A phylogenetic analysis of basal Sauropodomorph relationships: implications for the origin of sauropod dinosaurs. Spec Pap Palaeontol. 77:57–90.
   Google Scholar
• Von Huene F. 1908. Die Dinosaurier der europäischen Triasformation mit Berücksichtigung der außereuropä ischen Vorkommnisse [The dinosaurs from the Triassic of Europe with regard to the non-European events]. Geol Paläontol Abhandl. 1:1–419.
   Google Scholar
• Von Huene F. 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte [The fossil reptile-order Saurischia, their evolution and history]. Monogr Geol Palaeontol Ser. 1(4):1–361.
   Google Scholar
• Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000. Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon. Acta Palaeontol Pol. 45:343–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildner W, Ramgrab GE, Lopes RC, Iglesias CMF. 2006. Mapa geológico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, escala 1:175.000, Rio Grande do Sul [Geological map of the Rio Grande do Sul state, scale 1:175.000, Rio Grande do Sul]. Brasília: Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM).
   Google Scholar
• Yates AM. 2003a. A new species of the primitive dinosaur, Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. J Syst Palaeontol. 1:1–42.10.1017/S1477201903001007
   Google Scholar
• Yates AM. 2003b. A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Palaeontol Afr. 39:63–68.
   Google Scholar
• Yates AM. 2003c. The species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Lowenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany. Palaeontology. 46:317–337.10.1111/pala.2003.46.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates AM. 2007. The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria). Spec Pap Palaeontol. 77:9–55.
   Google Scholar
• Yates AM. 2012. Basal Sauropodomorpha: The “Prosauropods”. In: Brett-Surman MK, Holtz TR, Farlow JON, editors. The complete dinosaur. 2nd ed. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 425–444.
   Google Scholar
• Yates AM, Bonnan MF, Neveling J, Chinsamy A. 2010. A new transitional sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa and the evolution of sauropod feeding and quadrupedalism. P Roy Soc Lon B Bio. 277:787–794.10.1098/rspb.2009.1440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates AM, Kitching JW. 2003. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion. P Roy Soc Lon B Bio. 270:1753–1758.10.1098/rspb.2003.2417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates AM, Wedel MJ, Bonnan MF. 2012. The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontol Pol. 57:85–100.10.4202/app.2010.0075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerfass H, Lavina EL, Schultz CL, Garcia AJV, Faccini UF, Chemale F Jr. 2003. Sequence stratigraphy of continental Triassic strata of Southernmost Brazil: a contribution to Southwestern Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimate. Sedimetn Geol. 161:85–105.10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00397-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerfass H, Sander A, Flores AF. 2007. Agudo, Folha SH.22-V.C.V, escala 1:100.000, Rio Grande do Sul. Brasília: Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Yang Z. 1995. A new complete osteology of prosauropod in Lufeng Basin, Yunnan China: Jingshanosaurus. Kunming: Yunnan Publishing House of Science and Technology.
   Google Scholar