The largest record of the minute beaver Euroxenomys minutus (Mammalia, Castoridae) from the early Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Southern Germany) and palaeoecological considerations

References

• Aldana Carrasco E. 1992. Los Castoridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) del Neógeno de Cataluña (España). Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. 2:99–141. Spanish
   Google Scholar
• Andrews P. 1990. Owls, Caves and Fossils. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; pp. 231.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews P, Evans EM. 1983. Small mammal bone accumulations produced by mammalian carnivores. Paleobiology. 9(3):289–307. doi:10.1017/S0094837300007703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum C 2013. NOBANIS – invasive alien species fact sheet – Ondatra zibethicus. – from: online database of the European Network on invasive alien species – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access 2023 March 30.
   Google Scholar
• Bobick JE, Peffer M 1993. Science and technology desk reference. Gale research Inc. Washington (D.C).
   Google Scholar
• Böhme M, Spassov N, DeSilva JM, Begun DR. 2020. Reply to: Reevaluating bipedalism in Danuvius. Nature. 586(7827):E4–E5. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2737-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhme M, Spassov N, Fuss J, Tröscher A, Deane AS, Prieto J, Kirscher U, Lechner T, Begun DR. 2019. A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans. Nature. 575(7783):489–493. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1731-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown MK. 1979. Two old beavers from the Adirondacks. New York Fish and Game J. 26:92.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell RD 2009. Demography and life history of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber. Ph.D. thesis. – MS, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, 282 pp. (thesis available online)
   Google Scholar
• Daxner-Höck G. 2004. Biber und ein Zwerghamster aus Mataschen (Unter-Pannonium, Steirisches Becken). Joannea, Geologie und Paläontologie. 5:19–33. German
   Google Scholar
• Daxner-Höck G, Bernor RL. 2009. The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria) 8. Anchitherium, Suidae and Castoridae (Mammalia). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 111(A):557–584.
   Google Scholar
• Discamps E, Costamagno S. 2015. Improving mortality profile analysis in zooarchaeology: a revised zoning for ternary diagrams. Journal of Archaeological Science. 58:62–76. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.03.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engesser B. 1972. Die obermiozäne Säugetierfauna von Anwil (Baselland). Tätigkeitsbericht Naturforschende Gesellschaft Baselland. 28:1–363. German
   Google Scholar
• Fahlbusch V, Mayr H. 1975. Microtoide Cricetiden (Mammalia, Rodentia) aus der Oberen Süßwasser-Molasse Bayerns. Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 49(1/2):78–93. doi:10.1007/BF02988068. German
   Google Scholar
• Fernández FJ, Hadler P, Cherem JJ, Saldanha JP, Stutz NS, Dias AS, Pardiñas UFJ. 2019. Holocene small mammals hunted by owls and humans in southern Brazil: taphonomic evidence and biological significance. Boreas. 48(4):953–965. doi:10.1111/bor.12399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Jalvo Y, Andrews P. 2016. Atlas of taphonomic identifications. Dordrecht: Springer; pp. 359.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer von Waldheim G. 1809. Sur l’Elasmotherium et le Trogontherium, deux animaux fossiles et inconnus de la Russie. Études palaeontologiques sur les environs de Moscou 2: 250–268. French
   Google Scholar
• Franzen JL, Storch G. 1975. Die unterpliozäne (turolische) Wirbeltierfauna von Dorn-Dürkheim, Rheinhessen (SW-Deutschland); 1. Entdeckung, Geologie, Mammalia: Carnivora, Proboscidea, Rodentia. Grabungsergebnisse 1972–1973. Senckenbergiana lethaea. 56. 233–303. German
   Google Scholar
• Freye H-A. 1959. Deskriptive Anatomie des Craniums vom Elbe-Biber (Castor fiber albicus MATSCHIE 1907). Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Math-naturwissenschaftliche Reihe. VIII. 913–962. German
   Google Scholar
• Fuller WA. 1951. Measurements and weights of Northern Muskrats. Journal of Mammalogy. 32(3):360–362. doi:10.1093/jmammal/32.3.360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuss J, Prieto J, Böhme M. 2015. Revision of the boselaphin bovid Miotragocerus monacensis Stromer, 1928 (Mammalia, Bovidae) at the Middle to Late Miocene transition in Central Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen. 276(3):229–265. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2015/0481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire É. 1833. Palaeontographie. Considérations sur des ossemens fossiles la plupart inconnus trouvés et observés dans les bassins de l’Auvergne. Revue Encyclopédique. 59(LIX):76–95. French
   Google Scholar
• Giersch S, Munk W, Ziegler R. 2010. The first record of a beaver – Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minutum – in the Höwenegg fauna (Miocene, southern Germany). Palaeodiversity. 3:235–239.
   Google Scholar
• Godin AJ. 1977. Wild mammals of New England. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; p. 304.
   Google Scholar
• Grzimek B. ed. 1990. Grzimek’s animal life encyclopedia. Mammals I - IV. ed. Series. Grzimek, B. Vol. I-IV. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hartung J, Böhme M. 2022. Unexpected cranial sexual dimorphism in the tragulid Dorcatherium naui based on material from the middle to late Miocene localities of Eppelsheim and Hammerschmiede (Germany). PLOS ONE. 17(5):e0267951. [published online] 10.1371/journal.pone.0267951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung J, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2020. New cranial material of Miotragocerus monacensis (Mammalia: Bovidae) from the late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen. 298(3):269–284. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2020/0948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidecke D, Seide P. 1989. Bisamratte Ondatra zibethicus (L.). Buch der Hege Band 1 Haarwild. Stubbe H ed., Berlin: VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag Berlin. German. p. 640–666.
   Google Scholar
• Heinrich W-D, Maul LC. 2020. Mortality profiles of Castor and Trogontherium (Mammalia: Rodentia, Castoridae), with notes on the site formation of the Mid-Pleistocene hominin locality Bilzingsleben II (Thuringia, Central Germany). Fossil Imprint. 76(1):40–58. doi:10.37520/fi.2020.004.
   Google Scholar
• Hemprich W 1820. Grundriss der Naturgeschichte für höhere Lehranstalten. 29 pp. August Rücker, Berlin. German.
   Google Scholar
• Hír J. 2004. The Middle Miocene (late Astaracian, MN7-8) rodent Fauna of Felsötárkány 3/2 (Hungary). Acta Palaeontol Rom. 4:125–136.
   Google Scholar
• Hugueney M. 1999. Family Castoridae. In: Rössner GE, Heissig K, editors. The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe. Munich: Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; p. 281–300.
   Google Scholar
• Hugueney M, Duranthon F. 2012. Les Castoridae (Rodentia) de Sansan. In: Peigné S, editor. Mammifères de Sansan, Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. French: Publications Scientifiques du Muséum, Paris; p. 95–118.
   Google Scholar
• Hugueney M, Escuillié F. 1995. K-strategy and adaptative specialization in Steneofiber from Montaigu-le-Blin (dept. Allier, France; Lower Miocene, MN 2a, ± 23 Ma): first evidence of fossil life-history strategies in castorid rodents. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 113(2–4):217–225. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00050-V.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugueney M, Escuillié F. 1996. Fossil evidence for the origin of behavioral strategies in early Miocene Castoridae, and their role in the evolution of the family. Paleobiology. 22(4):507–513. doi:10.1017/S0094837300016493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jäger GF 1835. Über die fossilen Säugethiere, welche in Württemberg aufgefunden worden sind. 70 pp. C. Erhard, Stuttgart. German.
   Google Scholar
• Kargopoulos N, Kampouridis P, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2021a. A review of Semigenetta (Viverridae, Carnivora) from the Miocene of Eurasia based on material from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Germany). Geobios. 69:25–36. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kargopoulos N, Kampouridis P, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2021b. Hyaenidae (Carnivora) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany). Historical Biology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2010193.
   Google Scholar
• Kargopoulos N, Valenciano A, Abella J, Kampouridis P, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2022. The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria. Germany). PLOS ONE. 17(7):e0268968. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268968.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kargopoulos N, Valenciano A, Kampouridis P, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2021c. New early late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede, Bavaria, Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41(3): [published online] 10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaup JJ. 1832. Beschreibung Dreyer Gattungen urweltlicher Nager des zoologischen Museums zu Darmstadt, welche von den jetzt lebenden Genera verschieden sind. Isis. IX. 992–996. German
   Google Scholar
• Kirscher U, Prieto J, Bachtadse V, Abdul Aziz H, Doppler G, Hagmaier M, Böhme M. 2016. A biochronologic tie-point for the base of the Tortonian stage in Europe terrestrial settings: magnetostratigraphy of the topmost upper freshwater molasse sediments of the North Alpine Foreland Basin in Bavaria (Germany). Newsl on Stratigr. 49(3):445–467. doi:10.1127/nos/2016/0288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kordos L. 2020. Trogontherium minutum (Rodentia, Castoridae) from the late Miocene of Rudabánya, Hungary. Tertiary & Quaternary Strata. 2020(1):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Korth WW. 2001. Occurrence of the European genus of beaver Euroxenomys (Rodentia: Castoridae) in North America. Paludicola. 3:73–79.
   Google Scholar
• Lechner T, Böhme M. 2020. Castor-like postcranial adaptation in an uppermost Miocene beaver from the Staniantsi Basin (NW Bulgaria). Fossil Imprint. 76(1):128–164. doi:10.37520/fi.2020.009.
   Google Scholar
• Lechner T, Böhme M. 2022. The beaver Steneofiber depereti from the lower Upper Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede and remarks on its ecology. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 67(4):807–826. doi:10.4202/app.00997.2022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López JM, Rosi MI, Tabeni S, Bender B, Chiavazza H. 2017. Taphonomic analysis of small mammal bone remains preyed upon by wildcats (Carnivora: Felidae) from the central Monte Desert (Mendoza. Argentina). Boreas. 46(2):282–293. doi:10.1111/bor.12211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman RL 1994. Vertebrate taphonomy. Cambridge manuals in archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne. 524 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Marin-Monfort MD, García-Morato S, Olucha R, Yravedra J, Piñeiro A, Barja I, Andrews P, Fernández-Jalvo Y. 2019. Wildcat scats: taphonomy of the predator and its micromammal prey. Quaternary Science Reviews. 225:1–16. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayet L. 1908. Étude des Mammifères Miocènes des Sables de l’Orléanais et des Faluns de la Touraine. Annales de L’Universitè de Lyon - Nouvelle Série, I. Sciences, Médecine. 24. 1–336. French
   Google Scholar
• Mayr H, Fahlbusch V. 1975. Eine unterpliozäne Kleinsäugerfauna aus der Oberen Süßwasser-Molasse Bayerns. Mitt der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontol und Historische Geol. 15. 91–111. German
   Google Scholar
• Mayr G, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2020a. A skull of a very large crane from the late Miocene of Southern Germany, with notes on the phylogenetic interrelationships of extant Gruinae. J Ornith. 161(4):923–933. doi:10.1007/s10336-020-01799-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr G, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2020b. The large-sized darter Anhinga pannonica (Aves, Anhingidae) from the late Miocene hominid Hammerschmiede locality in Southern Germany. PLOS ONE. 15(5):0232179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr G, Lechner T, Böhme M. 2022. Nearly complete leg of an unusual, shelduck-sized anseriform bird from the earliest late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany). Historical Biology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2045285.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer H von. 1838. Mittheilungen, an Professor Bronn gerichtet. In Leonhard KC, Bronn HG, editors. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde.(1838):413–418. German
   Google Scholar
• Mörs T, Hägglund S, Erbajeva MA, Alexeeva N, Shchetnikov AA, Daxner-Höck G. 2022. The northernmost Eurasian Miocene beavers: Euroxenomys (Castoridae, Mammalia) from Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal (Eastern Siberia). Palaeobiodivers and Palaeoenviron. 102(4):873–883. doi:10.1007/s12549-022-00555-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mott CL, Bloomquist CK, Nielsen CK. 2013. Within-lodge interactions between two ecosystem engineers, beavers (Castor canadensis) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Behav. 150(11):1325–1344. doi:10.1163/1568539X-00003097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak RM. 1991. Walker’s Mammals of the World. Vol. I, 5th ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prieto J. 2009. Evolution of the genus Collimys Daxner-Hock, 1972 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) a key to Middle to Late Miocene biostratigraphy in Central Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 252(2):237–247. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto J. 2012. The genus Eomyops Engesser, 1979 (Rodentia, Eomyidae) from the youngest deposits of the German part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 131(1):95–106. doi:10.1007/s13358-011-0033-4.
   Google Scholar
• Prieto J, Casanovas-Vilar I, Gross M. 2014. Euroxenomys minutus minutus (Rodentia, Castoridae) from Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). In: Böhme M, Gross M, Prieto J, editors, The Sarmatian vertebrate locality Gratkorn, Styrian Basin. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. Vol. 94(1). 163–170
   Google Scholar
• Prieto J, van Dam JA. 2012. Primitive Anourosoricini and Allosoricinae from the Miocene of Germany. Geobios. 45(6):581–589. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto J, van den Hoek Ostende LW, Böhme M. 2011. Reappearance of Galerix (Erinaceomorpha, Mammalia) at the Middle to Late Miocene transition in South Germany: biostratigraphic and palaeoecologic implications. Contributions to Zoology. 80(3):179–189. doi:10.1163/18759866-08003002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekovets L, Stefen C, Demeshkant V. 2020. Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia) from the late Miocene (MN 9) locality Grytsiv in Ukraine. Fossil Imprint. 76(1):165–173. doi:10.37520/fi.2020.010.
   Google Scholar
• Roger O. 1898. Wirbeltierreste aus dem Dinotheriensande der bayerisch-schwäbischen Hochebene. Bericht des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schwaben und Neuburg. 33: 1–46. German
   Google Scholar
• Samson P, Rădulesco C. 1973. Rémarques sur l’évolution des Castoridés (Rodentia, Mammalia). In: Orghidan T, editor. Livre du cinquantenaire de L’Institut de Spéléologie “Emile Racovitza”. French: Academiae Republicii Socialiste România, Bucarest. Romanian; p. 437–449.
   Google Scholar
• Schreuder A. 1929. Conodontes (Trogontherium) and Castor from the Teglian clay compared with the Castoridae from other localities. Archives du Musee’ Teyler. 3:99–320.
   Google Scholar
• Stefen C 1997. Steneofiber eseri (Castoridae, Mammalia) von der Westtangente bei Ulm im Vergleich zu anderen Biberpopulationen. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde - Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 255:1–73. German.
   Google Scholar
• Stefen C. 2001. Barstovian (Miocene) beavers from Stewart Valley, Nevada, and a discussion of the genus Monosaulax based on tooth morphology. PaleoBios. 21(1):1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Stefen C. 2009. The European Tertiary beaver Chalicomys jaegeri (Rodentia: Castoridae) revisited. Kaupia - Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte. 16:161–174.
   Google Scholar
• Stefen C. 2018. The castorids (Mammalia, Castoridae) from the (early) middle Miocene of Gračanica (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Palaeobiodivers and Palaeoenviron. 100(2):301–305. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0365-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefen C, Mörs T. 2008. The beaver Anchitheriomys from the Miocene of Central Europe. J Paleontol. 82(5):1009–1020. doi:10.1666/06-049.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefen C, Rummel M. 2003. Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minutum (Castoridae: Mammalia) from Petersbuch 50, Miocene, South Germany. Neues Jahrb für Geol und Paläontol, Monatsh. 2003(1):11–34. doi:10.1127/njgpm/2003/2003/11.
   Google Scholar
• Stiner MC. 1990. The use of mortality patterns in archaeological studies of hominid predatory adaptations. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 9(4):305–351. doi:10.1016/0278-4165(90)90010-B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirton RA. 1935. A review of the tertiary beavers. Univ Calif Publ Geol Sci. 23:391–458.
   Google Scholar
• Voorhies MR. 1969. Taphonomy and population dynamics of an early Pliocene vertebrate fauna, Knox county, Nebraska. Rocky Mountain Geol. 8:1–69.
   Google Scholar
• Williams SA, Prang TC, Meyer MR, Russo GA, Shapiro LJ. 2020. Reevaluating bipedalism in Danuvius. Nature. 586(7827):E1–E3. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2736-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willner GR, Feldhamer GA, Zucker EE, Chapman JA. 1980. Ondatra zibethicus. Mamm Species. 141(141):1–8. doi:10.2307/3504016.
   Google Scholar