Study on the new dental material of Palaeotragus from the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin (Gansu, China)

References

• Alexeiev A 1930. Die obersarmatische Fauna von Eldar [Wildlife in the Eldar Forest]. Travaux du Musée Géologique près l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS. 8:167–204. Russian with German abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Bärmann EV, Rössner GE. 2011. Dental nomenclature in Ruminantia: towards a standard terminological framework. Mamm Bio. 76(6):762–768. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohlin B. 1926. Die Familie Giraffidae [Family Giraffidae]. In: Ting VK, Wong WH, editors. Palaeontologia Sinica. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Geological Survey; p. 1–178. German
   Google Scholar
• Borissiak AA. 1914. Mammifères fossiles de Sébastopol [Mammalian fossils of Sebastopol]. Mémoires de la Societé géologique de France, N S. 87. 1–154. French
   Google Scholar
• Churcher CS. 1970. Two new upper Miocene giraffids from Fort Ternan, Kenya, East Africa: palaeotragus primaevus n. sp. and Samotherium africanum n. sp. Foss Vertebrat of Africa. 2:1–106.
   Google Scholar
• Colbert EH. 1936. Palaeotragus in the Tung Gur formation of Mongolia. American Museum of Natural His. 874:1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Colbert EH, Brown B. 1933. A skull and mandible of Giraffokeryx punjabiensis. Pilgrim American Museum of Natural History. 632:1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Danowitz M, Hou SK, Mihlbachler M, Hastings V, Solounias N. 2016. A combined-mesowear analysis of late Miocene giraffids from North Chinese and Greek localities of the Pikermian Biome. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 449:194–204. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Mecquenem R. 1924. Contribution à l’étude des fossiles de Maragha [Contribution to the study of fossils of Maragha]. Annales de Paléontologie. 13(1924): 135–160. French
   Google Scholar
• Deng T, Hou SK, Shi QQ. 2015. Selection of the lower boundary stratotype of the terrestrial upper miocene bahean stage in China. Acta Geosci Sin. 6. 523–532. Chinese with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Deng T, Qiu ZX, Wang BY, Wang XM, Hou SK. 2013. Late Cenozoic biostratigraphy of the Linxia basin, northwestern China. In: Wang X, Flynn LJ, Fortelius M, editors. Fossil mammals of Asia. New York: Columbia University Press; p. 243–273.
   Google Scholar
• Deng T, Wang XM. 2004. Late Miocene Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) of eastern Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 42(4): 316–333. Chinese with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Deng T, Wang XM, Ni XJ, Liu LP, Liang Z. 2004. Cenozoic stratigraphic sequence of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China and its evidence from mammal fossils. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 42(1): 45–66. Chinese with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Dong W. 2004. The dental morphological characters and evolution of Cervidae. Acta Anthro. Sin. 23. 286–295. Chinese with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Gaudry A. 1861. Note sur la giraffe et l’ Helladotherium trouvées à Pikermi (Grèce) [Note on giraffe and Helladotherium found in Pikermi (Greece)]. Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France. 2(5): 587–597. em serie.:. French.
   Google Scholar
• Geraads D. 1974. Les guraffidés du Miocène supérieur de la région de Thessalonique (Grèce) [The giraffids of the upper Miocene of the region of Thessalonique (Greece)] [ dissertation]. Paris: Universite of Paris. French with English abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Geraads D. 1978. Les palaeotraginae (giraffidae, mammalia) du miocene superieur de la region de Thessalonique (Grece) [Palaeotraginae (giraffidae, mammalia) of the upper Miocene of the region of Thessalonique (Greece)]. Géologie méditerranéenne. 5(2): 269–276. French with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Geraads D. 1986. Remarques sur la systématique et la phylogénie des giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) [Notes on the systematics and phylogeny of the Giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)]. Géobios. 19(4): 465–477. French with English abstract 10.1016/S0016-6995(86)80004-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geraads D. 1994. Les gisements de mammifères du Miocène supérieur de Kemiklitepe, Turquie: 8. Giraffidae [Mammal deposits of the upper Miocene of Kemiklitepe, Turkey: 8. Giraffidae] Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, 4eme sér, C. 16. 159–173. French with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Geraads D, Spassov N, Hristova L, Markov GN, Tzankov T. 2011. Upper Miocene mammals from Strumyani, south-western Bulgaria. Geodiversitas. 33(3):451–484. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geraads D, Spassov N, Kovachev D. 2005. Giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the late miocene of Kalimantsi and Hadjidimovo, Southwestern Bulgaria. Geo Balcanica. 35(1–2):11–18. doi:10.52321/GeolBalc.35.1-2.11.
   Google Scholar
• Godina AY. 1975. [Palaeotragus from the Neogene deposits of Western Mongolia and Central Asia]. In: United Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontology, editor. Transactions of United Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontology Expedition. Vol. 2. Moscow: Nauka; p. 67–75. Russian
   Google Scholar
• Godina AY. 1979. [History of fossil giraffes of the genus Palaeotragus]. In: Paleontologicheskij Institut, editor. Trudy, Paleontological Institut Akademia Nauk SSSR. Vol. 177. Moscow: Nauka; p. 1–114. Russian
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton WR. 1978. Fossil giraffes from the Miocene of Africa and a revision of the phylogeny of the Giraffoidea. Philos Trans Royal Soc London B Bio Sci. 283(996):165–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeonto Electron. 4(1):9.
   Google Scholar
• Hou SK, Danowitz M, Sammis J, Solounias N. 2014. Dead ossicones, and other characters describing Palaeotraginae (Giraffidae; Mammalia) based on new material from Gansu, Central China. Zitteliana. 32:91–98.
   Google Scholar
• Iliopoulos G 2003. The Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) and the study of the histology and chemistry of fossil mammal bone from the Late Miocene of Kerassia (Euboea Island, Greece) [ dissertation]. Leicester: University of Leicester.
   Google Scholar
• Ji HX, Xu QQ, Huang WB. 1980. The Hipparion fauna from Guizhong Basin, Tibet. In: The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, editor. The Series of the Scientific Expedition to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Palaeontology of Tibet (Book 1). Beijing: Science Press; p. 18–32. Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Korotkevich EL. 1957. Giraffes in Hipparion fauna of Berislav. TTr Zool Inst Akad Nauk USSR. 14:129–140.
   Google Scholar
• Kostopoulos DS. 2009. The late miocene mammal faunas of the mytilinii basin, Samos Island, Greece: new Collection 13. Giraffidae Beitträge zur paläontologie. 31:299–343.
   Google Scholar
• Kostopoulos DS, Saraç G. 2005. The late miocene mammal locality of Akkaşdaği (Central Anatolia, Turkey). Giraffidae Geodiversitas. 27(4):735–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskos K, Kostopoulos DS. 2022. The Vallesian large Palaeotragus Gaudry, 1861 (Mammalia: Giraffidae) from Northern Greece. Geodiversitas. 44(15):437–470. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu DS, Li CK, Zhai RJ. 1978. [Pliocene vertebrates of Lantian, Shensi]. Professional papers stratigraphy and palaeontology. Beijing:Geological Publishing House. Vol. 7 p.149–200.
   Google Scholar
• Liu HY, Zhou BX. 1959. [Pliocene mammalian fossils from Lushi, Henan]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 1(2):73–78. Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Li YQ, Wu WY. 1978. [Miocene Artiodactyla of Lingtung and Lantian, Shensi]. In: Editorial Committee of the Proceedings of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, editor. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Paleontology. Beijing: Geological Publishing House; 7:127–135. Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza M, Janis CM, Palmqvist P. 2002. Characterizing complex craniodental patterns related to feeding behaviour in ungulates: a multivariate approach. J Zool. 258(2):223–246. doi:10.1017/S0952836902001346.
   Google Scholar
• Ozansoy F. 1965. Étude des gisements continentaux et des mammifères du Cénozoïque de Turquie [Study of continental deposits and Cenozoic mammals in Turkey]. Mémoires de la Societé Géologique de France, N S. 44(1): 1–92. French
   Google Scholar
• Pavlow M. 1913. Mammifères tertiaires de la nouvelle Russie [Tertiary mammals of the new Russia]. Nouvelles Mémoires de la Societée Impériale Des Naturalistes de Moscou. 17(3): 1–67. French
   Google Scholar
• Qiu ZD. 1979. Some mammalian fossils from the pliocene of inner Mongolia and Gansu (Kansu). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 17(3): 222–235. Chinese with English abstract
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu ZX, Qiu ZD. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 116(1–2):41–70. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)00095-P.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu ZX, Qiu ZD, Zheng Y, Li L.2023, Historical review of stratigraphic study of the Tetiary continental deposits of Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, and status quo. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 616:111467.
   Google Scholar
• Ríos M, Sánchez IM, Morales J, Viriot L. 2017. A new giraffid (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) from the late Miocene of Spain, and the evolution of the sivathere-samothere lineage. PloS One. 12(11):e0185378. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodler A, Weithofer KA. 1890. Die Wiederkäuer der Fauna von Maragha [The Fauna of Maragha]. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien. 57. 753–772. French
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser M. 1903. Die fossilen Säugetiere Chinas nebst einer Odontographie der rezenten Antilopen [China’s fossil mammals plus listed data]. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences, editor. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse. Vol. 22. Munich: French Press; p. 1–221. German
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser M. 1921. Die Hipparionenfauna von Veles in Mazedonien [The Hipparion fauna in Macedonia. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences, editor. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse. Vol. 29. Munich: French Press; p. 1–55. German
   Google Scholar
• Seymour R 2001. Patterns of subspecies diversity in the giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis (L. 1758): Comparison of systematic methods and their implications for conservation policy [ dissertation]. Canterbury: University of Kent.
   Google Scholar
• Shi QQ. 2023. Fossil bovids from the Linxia Basin of Gansu Province, China, and their implications for regional biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and palaeoecology. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 2023:111543. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111543.
   Google Scholar
• Solounias N. 2007. Family giraffidae. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE, editors. The Evolution of Artiodactyls. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; p. 257–277.
   Google Scholar
• Solounias N, Danowitz M. 2016. The Giraffidae of Maragheh and the identification of a new species of Honanotherium. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 96(3):489–506. doi:10.1007/s12549-016-0230-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solounias N, Dawson-Saunders B. 1988. Dietary adaptations and paleoecology of the late Miocene ruminants from Pikermi and Samos in Greece. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 65(3–4):149–172. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(88)90021-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer LM. 1997. Dietary adaptations of Plio-Pleistocene Bovidae: implications for hominid habitat use. J Hum Evol. 32(2–3):201–228. doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang YJ, Ji HX. 1983. A Pliocene-Pleistocene transitional fauna from Yuxian, northern Hebei. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 21(3): 245–254. Chinese with English abstract
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong YS, Huang WB, Qiu ZD. 1975. Hipparion fauna of Huoxian, Shanxi. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 13(1):34–47. Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Xafis A, Tsoukala E, Solounias N, Mandic O, Harzhauser M, Grímsson F, Nagel D. 2019. Fossil Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Thermopigi (Macedonia, Greece). Palaeonto Electron. 22(67):1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Zhai RJ. 1961. On a collection of Neogene mammals from Ching-an, eastern Kansu. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 1(3):262–268. Chinese with English Summary
   Google Scholar
• Zhang ZQ, Gentry AW. 2002. Land mammal faunal sequence of the late Miocene of China: new evidence from Lantian, Shaanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 40(3):165–176.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang QS, Wang FB, Ji HX, Huang WB. 1981. Pliocene stratigraphy of the Zanda Basin, Tibet. JStratigr. 5(3):216–220. Chinese
   Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Xie GP, Li JJ, Song CH, Zhao ZJ, Wang XX, Hui ZC. 2011. Mammal fossils and ecological environment features of the Neogene from Qin’an area, Gansu Province. Quaternary Sci. 31(4): 614–621. Chinese with English abstract
   Google Scholar
• Zheng SH. 1982. Some Pliocene mammalian fossils from Songshan-2 and −3 (Tianzhu, Gansu) and the Songshan fauna. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 20(3): 216–227. Chinese with English abstract
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar