Skeletal taphonomy of the water frogs (Amphibia: Anura) from the Pit 7/8 of the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots site (Caldes de Malavella, NE Spain)

References

• Barton DG, Wilson MVH. 2005. Taphonomic variations in Eocene fish-bearing varves at Horsefly, British Columbia, reveal 10 000 years of environmental change. Can J Earth Sci. 42(2):137–149. doi: 10.1139/e05-001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauersachs T, Schouten S, Schwark L. 2014. Characterization of the sedimentary organic matter preserved in Messel oil shale by bulk geochemistry and stable isotopes. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 410:390–400. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier P, Gaillard C, Gall J-C, Barale G, Bourseau JP, Buffetaut E, Wenz S. 1991. Morphogenetic impact of microbial mats on surface structures of Kimmeridgian micritic limestones (Cerin, France). Sedimentology. 38(1):127–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1991.tb01858.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blain H-A, Lozano-Fernández I, Martínez-Monzon A, Přikryl T, Oms O, Anadón P, Rodríguez-Salgado P, Agustí J, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B 2018. Water frogs (Anura, Ranidae) from the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots Konservat-Lagerstätte (Caldes de Malavella, NE Spain). IAVCEI – 7th International Maar Conference, Olot, Spain; p. 162–163.
   Google Scholar
• Blain H-A, Prikryl T, Martínez-Monzón A, Linares-Martín A, Macaluso L, Moreno-Ribas E, Agustí J, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles diversity in the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots maar (Spain) In The 6th International Palaeontological Congress “From Gondwana to Laurasia” November 7th to 11th Khon Kaen, Thailand; pp. 477.
   Google Scholar
• Blain H-A, Přikryl T, Moreno-Ribas E, Canudo JI. 2023. The first discovery of in situ Pelophylax pueyoi (Amphibia: Anura) from the late Miocene of Libros Konservat-Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain). J Vert Pal. 42(2):2162410. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2022.2162410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolkay SJ. 1919. Osnove uporedne osteologije anurskih batrahija. (Elements of the comparative osteology of the tailless batrachians). Glasnika Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini Sarejevo. 31:275–357.
   Google Scholar
• Bolós X, Oms O, Rodríguez-Salgado P, Martí J, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny G. 2021. Eruptive evolution and 3D geological modeling of Camp dels Ninots maar-diatreme (Catalonia) through continuous intra-crater drill coring. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 419:107369. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer BW. 1981. Tertiary lacustrine sediments from Sentinel Butte, North Dakota, and the sedimentary record of ectogenic meromixis. J Sediment Petrol. 51:429–440. doi:10.1306/212F7C98-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
   Google Scholar
• Braun A, Pfeiffer T. 2001. Cyanobacterial blooms as the cause of a Pleistocene large mammal assemblage. Paleobiology. 28(1):139–154. doi: 10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0139:CBATCO>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brower JC, Kyle KM. 1988. Seriation of an original data matrix as applied to palaeoecology. Lethaia. 21(1):79–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01756.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchheim HP, Surdam RC. 1981. Palaeoenvironments and fossil fishes of the Laney member, Green River formation, Wyoming. In: Gray J, Boucot A Berry W, editors Communities of the Past. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross; pp. 415–452.
   Google Scholar
• Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B, Agustí J, Sala R, Oms O, Van der Made J, Burjachs F, Jiménez G, Blain H-A, Claude J, et al. 2015. El Camp dels Ninots (Caldes de Malavella, la Selva): balanç de 10 anys d’intervencions arqueopaleontològiques. Tribuna d’Arqueologia. 2012–2013:141–163.
   Google Scholar
• Carrancho Á, Villalaín JJ, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny Vall-Llosera G, Calvo-Rathert M, Oms O, Van der Made J, Agustí J 2011. Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en dos sondeos del maar del Camp dels Ninots, Caldes de Malavella (Girona, NE España). Latinmag Letters, Volume 1, 1–5. Proceedings Tandil, Argentina.
   Google Scholar
• Claude J, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny G, Agustí J, Oms O. 2014. Presence of a chelydrid turtle in the late Pliocene Camp dels Ninots locality (Spain). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France. 185(4):253–256. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.185.4.253.
   Google Scholar
• Densmore CL, Green DE. 2007. Diseases of amphibians. Ilar J. 48(3):235–254. doi: 10.1093/ilar.48.3.235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duellman WE. 1994. Biology of amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press; p. 261–274. doi: 10.56021/9780801847806.
   Google Scholar
• Elder RL, Smith GR. 1988. Fish taphonomy and environmental inference in palaeolimnology: Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 62(1–4):577–592. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(88)90072-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk D, Wings O, McNamara M, Sansom R. 2022. The skeletal taphonomy of anurans from the Eocene Geiseltal Konservat-Lagerstätte, Germany: insights into the controls on fossil anuran preservation. Palaeontology. 8(4):e1453. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Jalvo Y, Andrews P. 2016. Atlas of taphonomic identifications. In: Delson E Sargis E, editors. Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology. New York: Springer; p. 9789401774307. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-7432-1.
   Google Scholar
• Franzen JL. 1985. Exceptional preservation of Eocene vertebrates in the lake deposit of Grube Messel (West Germany). Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London B. 311:181–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzen JL, Köster A. 1994. Die eozänen Tiere von Messel — Ertrunken, erstickt oder vergiftet? Natur und Museum. 124:91–97.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez de S, Vall-Llosera G C, van Der Made J, Oms O, Agustí J, Sala R, Blain HA, Burjachs F, Claude J, García Catalán S, et al. 2012. A new key locality for the Pliocene vertebrate record of Europe: the Camp dels ninots maar (NE Spain). Geologica Acta. 10(1):1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandi F, Del Valle H, Cáceres I, Rodríguez-Salgado P, Oms O, Fernández-Jalvo Y, García F, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B. 2022. Exceptional preservation of large fossil vertebrates in a volcanic setting (Camp dels Ninots, Spain). Hist Biol. 35(7):1234–1249. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2085570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkanson L, Jansson M. 1983. Principles of Lake Sedimentology. Berlin-New York:Springer-Verlag; p. 320. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69274-1.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4:9.
   Google Scholar
• Izzo TJ, Rodrigues DJ, Menin M, Lima AP, Magnusson WE. 2012. Functional necrophilia: a profitable anuran reproductive strategy? J Nat Hist. 46(47–48):2961–2967. doi: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Moreno G, Burjachs F, Expósito I, Oms O, Á C, Villalaín JJ, Agustí J, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B, van der Made J. 2013. Late Pliocene vegetation and orbital-scale climate changes from the western Mediterranean area. Glob Planet Change. 108:15–28. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.05.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kargo WJ, Nelson F, Rome LC. 2002. Jumping in frogs: Assessing the design of the skeletal system by anatomically realistic modeling and forward dynamic simulation. J Exp Biol. 205(12):1683–1702. doi: 10.1242/jeb.205.12.1683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaulfuss U, Lee D, Wartho E, Bowie JA, Lindqvist E, Conran JG, Bannister JM, Mildenhall DC, Kennedy EM, Gorman AR. 2018. Geology and palaeontology of the Hindon maar complex: a Miocene terrestrial fossil Lagerstätte in southern New Zealand. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 500:52–68. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller T, Wuttke M. 1997. Ein Messeler Frosch mit Beutetier (Grube Messel, Mittel-Eozän, Hessen, BRD). Cour Forsch-Inst Senckenberg. 201:237–242.
   Google Scholar
• Koenigswald W, Braun A, Pfeiffer T. 2004. Cyanobacteria and seasonal death: A new taphonomic model for the Eocene Messel lake. Paläontol Z. 78(2):417–424. doi: 10.1007/BF03009232.
   Google Scholar
• Kovács J, Németh K, Szabó P, Kocsis L, Kereszturi G, Újvári G, Vennemann T. 2020. Volcanism and paleoenvironment of the Pula maar complex: a Pliocene terrestrial fossil site in central Europe (Hungary). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 537:109398. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Marca E. 2021. Action plan for Atelopus oxyrhynchus. Rescue Of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians And Amphibian Ark. 5:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Lips KR. 2016. Overview of chytrid emergence and impacts on amphibians. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 371(1709):20150465. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martí J, Bolós X. 2019. The Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanism of Iberia. In: Quesada C, and Oliveira J, editors The Geology of Iberia: a Geodynamic Approach: volume 4: Cenozoic Basins: cham. Springer International Publishing; pp. 167–182.
   Google Scholar
• Martill DM, Wilby PR. 1994. Lithified prokaryotes associated with fossil soft organisms from the Santana formation (Cretaceous) of Brazil. Kaupia. 4:71–77.
   Google Scholar
• Martí J, Mitjavila J, Roca E, Aparicio A. 1992. Cenozoic magmatism of the Valencia trough (western Mediterranean): Relationship between structural evolution and volcanism. Tectonophysics. 203(1–4):145–165. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90221-Q.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez Monzón A, Přikryl T, Sánchez-Bandera C, Bisbal-Chinesta JF, Agustí J, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B, Blain H-A. 2023. Inferring eco-climatic parameters for the Pliocene climatic optimum using frog body size as a new proxy. Lethaia. 56(2):1–12. doi: 10.18261/let.56.2.8.
   Google Scholar
• Martí J, Ortiz R, Claudin F, Mallarach JM. 1986. Mecanismos eruptivos del volcán de la Closa de Sant Dalmai (Prov. Gerona). Anales de Física. 82:143–153.
   Google Scholar
• McNamara ME, Orr PJ, Alcalá L, Anadón P, Peñalver E. 2012. What controls the taphonomy of exceptionally preserved taxa-environment or biology? A case study using frogs from the Miocene Libros Konservat Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain). Palaios. 27(2):63–77. doi: 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-126r.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara M, Orr PJ, Kearns SL, Anadón P, Alcalá L, Peñalver Mollà E. 2009. Soft tissue preservation in Miocene frogs from Libros (Spain): Insights into the genesis of decay microenvironments. Palaios. 24(2):104–117. doi: 10.2110/palo.2008.p08-017r.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menin M, Rodrigues DJ, Lima AP. 2006. The tadpole of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) with notes on adult reproductive behavior. Zootaxa. 1258:47–56.
   Google Scholar
• Morales D, Jiménez SM, González-Rodríguez AM, Cermák J. 2002. Laurel forests in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Trees. 16(8):529–537. doi: 10.1007/s00468-002-0197-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Ribas E, López-Polín L, Campeny-Vall-Llosera G, Gómez de Soler B. 2020. September 1-2. Conservation of fossil microfauna at Camp dels Ninots site (Caldes de Malavella, Girona, Spain). In: López-García J, Blain H-A, Blanco-Lapaz A, and Rhodes S, editors. Abstract book of the 3^rd MicroVertebrate Working Group Meeting (MVWG-ICAZ). Tarragona, Spain; p. 52.
   Google Scholar
• Munsell Color. 2013. Munsell Rock Color Book. Geological Society Of America (GSA), Grand Rapids (Michigan). 19.
   Google Scholar
• Muscente AD, Sschiffbauer JD, Broce J, Laflamme M, O’Donnell K, Boag TH, Meyer M, Hawkins AD, Huntley JW, McNamara M, et al. 2017. Exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages through geologic time and space. Gondwana Res. 48:164–188. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navás L. 1920. Fósiles del Oligoceno de Libros (Teruel). Ibérica. Año. VI(326):282–283.
   Google Scholar
• Navás L. 1922a. Algunos fósiles de Libros (Teruel). Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales. 21:52–61.
   Google Scholar
• Navás L. 1922b. Algunos fósiles de Libros (Teruel). Adiciones y correcciones. Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales. 21:172–175.
   Google Scholar
• Noga EJ. 2010. Fish disease – Diagnostic and treatment. Iowa State University Press; p. 544. doi: 10.1002/9781118786758.
   Google Scholar
• Nudds J, Selden P. 2008. Fossil-Lagerstätten. Geology Today. 24(4):153–158. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2451.2008.00679.x.
   Google Scholar
• Oms O, Bolós X, Barde-Cabusson S, Martí J, Casas A, Lovera R, Himi M, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny Vall-Llosera G, Pedrazzi D. 2015. Structure of the Pliocene Camp dels Ninots maar diatreme (Catalan Volcanic Zone, NE Spain). Bull Volcanol. 77(11):98. doi: 10.1007/s00445-015-0982-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr PJ, Adler LB, Beardmore SR, Furrer H, McNamara ME, Peñalver-Mollá E, Redelstorff R. 2016. “Stick ‘n’ peel”: Explaining unusual patterns of disarticulation and loss of completeness in fossil vertebrates. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 457:380–388. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortí F, Rosell L, Anadón P. 2003. Deep to shallow lacustrine evaporites in the Libros gypsum (southern Teruel Basin, Miocene, NE Spain): an occurrence of pelletal gypsum rhythmites. Sedimentology. 50(2):361–386. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00558.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto Llona AC, Andrews PJ. 1999. Amphibian taphonomy and its application to the fossil record of Dolina (middle Pleistocene, Atapuerca, Spain). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 149(1–4):411–429. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00215-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price SJ, Ariel E, Maclaine A, Rosa GM, Gray MJ, Brunner JL, Garner TWJ. 2017. From fish to frogs and beyond: Impact and host range of emergent ranaviruses. Virology. 511:272–279. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Přikryl T, Blain H-A, Martínez-Monzón A, Moreno-Ribas E, Linares A, Grandi F, Cáceres I, Rodríguez-Salgado P, Oms O, Agustí J, et al. 2022a. Pliocene cyprinid pharyngeal teeth at the Camp dels Ninots konservat-lagerstätte (Caldes de Malavella, NE Spain) – Comments to preservation. J Taphonomy. 16(1–4):161–162.
   Google Scholar
• Přikryl T, Blain H-A, Moreno-Ribas E, Agustí J, Campeny G, Gómez de Soler B. 2022b. New data on barbinae fish from the Pliocene of the Camp delsNninots site (Girona, Spain) In The 6th International Palaeontological Congress “From Gondwana to Laurasia” November 7th to 11th Khon Kaen, Thailand; pp. 309.
   Google Scholar
• Přikryl T, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny G, Oms O, Roubach S, Blain HA, Agustí J. 2016. Fish fauna of the Camp dels Ninots locality (Pliocene; Caldes de Malavella, province of Girona, Spain)— First results with notes on palaeoecology and taphonomy. Hist Biol. 28(3):347–357. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2014.934820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisdorf AG, Bux R, Wyler D, Benecke M, Klug C, Maisch MW, Fornaro P, Wetzel A. 2012. Float, explode or sink: postmortem fate of lung-breathing marine vertebrates. Palaeobio Palaeoenv. 92(1):67–81. doi: 10.1007/s12549-011-0067-z.
   Google Scholar
• Reisdorf AG, Wuttke M. 2012. Re-evaluating moodie’s opisthotonic-posture hypothesis in fossil vertebrates part i: reptiles—The taphonomy of the bipedal dinosaurs Compsognathus longipes and Juravenator starki from the Solnhofen archipelago (Jurassic, Germany). Palaeobio Palaeoenv. 92(1):119–168. doi: 10.1007/s12549-011-0068-y.
   Google Scholar
• Robles S, Barrón E, Cebolla C. 2013. Preliminary palaeobotanical study of the Pliocene paleontological site Camp dels Ninots (Caldes de Malavella, Girona, Spain). macroflora of Can Argilera sector. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Sección Geológica. 107:75–89.
   Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Salgado P, Oms O, Ibáñez-Insa J, Anadón P, Gómez de Soler B, Campeny G, Agustí J. 2021. Mineralogical proxies of a Pliocene maar lake recording changes in precipitation at the Camp dels Ninots (Pliocene, NE Iberia. Sedimentary Geology. 418:105910–105914. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachse M. 2005. A remarkable fossiliferous mass flow deposit in the Eocene Eckfeld maar (Germany)—Sedimentological, taphonomical, and palaeoecological considerations. Facies. 51(1–4):173–184. doi: 10.1007/s10347-005-0046-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchiz FB. 1998. Salientia. In: Wellnhofer P, editor. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; Vol. 4, pp. 1–275.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchízy Gil de Avalle F. 1977. Nuevos anfibios del Neogeno y Cuaternario de Europa. Origen, desarrollo y relaciones de la batrachofauna española [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Schaal S, Ziegler W. 1992. Messel: an insight into the history of life and of the Earth. Oxford: Clarendon Press p. 328.
   Google Scholar
• Scheele BC, Pasmans F, Skerratt LF, Berger L, Martel A, Beukema W, Acevedo AA, Burrowes PA, Carvalho T, Catenazzi A, et al. 2019. Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity. Science. 363(6434):1459–1463. doi: 10.1126/science.aav0379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler T, Wuttke M. 2015. A revised sedimentological model for the late Oligocene crater lake Enspel (Enspel formation, Westerwald mountains, Germany). Palaeobiodiv Palaeoenv. 95(1):5–16. doi: 10.1007/s12549-014-0178-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seilacher A. 1970. Begriff und bedeutung der Fossil-Lagerstätten. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 1970:34–39.
   Google Scholar
• Smith GR, Elder RL. 1985. Environmental interpretation of burial and preservation of Clarkia fishes. In: Smiley C, editor Late cenozoic history of the pacific Northwest. San Francisco: Pacific Division AAAS, California Academy of Science; pp. 85–93.
   Google Scholar
• Speybroeck J, Beukema W, Dufresnes C, Fritz U, Jablonski D, Lymberakis P, Martínez-Solano I, Razzetti E, Vamberger M, Vences M, et al. 2020. Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the taxonomic committee of the societas europaea herpetologica. Amphibia-Reptilia. 41:139–189. doi:10.1163/15685381-bja10010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiner MC. 2008. Taphonomy. Encyclopedia Of Archaeology. 2113–2119.
   Google Scholar
• Trauth SE, McCallum ML, Cartwright ME. 2000. Breeding mortality in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), from North central Arkansas. J Ark Acad Sci. 54:154–156.
   Google Scholar
• Uhl D, Jasper A, Wuttke M. 2020. Anatomical preservation of silicified Corylites J.S. Gardner leaves from the Paleocene maar lake of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Geodiversitas. 42(26):485–492. doi: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehí M, Pujadas A, Roqué C, Buxó LP. 1999. Un edifici volcànic inèdit a Caldes de Malavella (la Selva, Girona): el volcà del Camp dels Ninots. Quaderns de la Selva. 11:45–67.
   Google Scholar
• Verrell PA, McCabe N. 1986. Mating balls in the common toad, Bufo bufo. British Herpetological Society Bulletin. 16:28–29.
   Google Scholar
• Vicente J. 1985. Troballa d’un Leptobos a Caldes de Malavella (La Selva). Societat d’Història Natural: Butlletí del Centre d’Estudis de la Natura del Barcelonès Nord. 1(1):86–88.
   Google Scholar
• Vidal LM. 1882. Estudio geológico de la estación termal de Caldas de Malavella (Gerona). Boletín de la Comisión del Mapa Geológico de España. 9:65–91.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson MVH, Barton DG. 1996. Seven centuries of taphonomic variation in Eocene freshwater fishes preserved in varves: Paleoenvironments and temporal averaging. Paleobiology. 22(4):535–542. doi: 10.1017/S0094837300016511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuttke M. 1983. Actuo-palaeotological studies on the decomposition of vertebrates. Part I: Anura. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 64(5/6):529–560.
   Google Scholar
• Wuttke M, Poschmann M. 2010. First finding of fish in the diet of a water-dwelling extinct frog Palaeobatrachus from the upper Oligocene fossil-lagerstätte Enspel (Westerwald Mountains, Western Germany). Palaeobio Palaeoenv. 90(1):59–64. doi: 10.1007/s12549-009-0019-z.
   Google Scholar
• Wuttke M, Rabenstein R, Vinther J. 2018. Chapter 4. Joined in death: the burial community of Messel. In: Smith K, Schaal S, and Habersetze J, editors. Messel an ancient greenhouse ecosystem, imprint senckenberg-Buch 80. Frankfurt: Senckenberg Society for Nature Research. pp. 25–33.
   Google Scholar