Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-Channel Heat Sinks under Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

References

• Liu , Z. and Winterton , R. H. S. 1991 . A General Correlation for Saturated and Subcooled Flow Boiling in Tubes and Annuli, Based on a Nucleate Pool Boiling Equation . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 34 : 2759 – 2766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva Lima , R. J. , Quiben , J. M. and Thome , J. R. 2009 . Flow Boiling in Horizontal Smooth Tubes: New Heat Transfer Results for R-134a at Three Saturation Temperatures . Appl. Therm. Eng. , vol. 29 : 1289 – 1298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , C. P. , Yan , Y. Y. , Lin , T. F. and Yang , B. C. 2000 . Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-134a and Bubble Characteristics in a Horizontal Annular Duct . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 43 : 1885 – 1896 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng , X. F. , Hu , H. Y. and Wang , B. X. 1998 . Flow Boiling Through V-Shape Microchannels . Exp. Heat Transf. , vol 11 : 87 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo , X. , Chen , L. , Tian , Y. S. and Karayiannis , T. G. 2004 . Flow Boiling and Flow Regimes in Small Diameter Tubes . Appl. Therm. Eng. , vol. 24 : 1225 – 1239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarek , G. M. and Black , S. H. 1982 . Evaporative Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop and Critical Heat Flux in a Small Vertical Tube with R-113 . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 25 : 945 – 959 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen , D. S. and Kenning , D. B. R. 2004 . Two-Phase Pressure Drop of Water During Flow Boiling in a Vertical Narrow Channel . Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. , vol. 28 : 131 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pamitran , A. S. , Choi , K. I. , Oh , J. T. and Hrnjak , P. 2010 . Characteristics of Two-Phase Flow Pattern Transitions and Pressure Drop of Five Refrigerants in Horizontal Circular Small Tubes . Int. J. Refrigerat. , vol. 33 : 578 – 588 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie , Y. M. and Lin , T. F. 2005 . Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Associated Bubble Characteristics of R-134a in a Narrow Annular Duct . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 48 : 5602 – 5615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao , Z. Y. , Flectcher , D. F. and Haynes , B. S. 2000 . Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Freon R11 and HCFC123 in Narrow Passages . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 43 : 3347 – 3358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertsch , S. S. , Groll , E. A. and Garimella , S. V. 2009 . Effects of Heat Flux, Mass Flux, Vapor Quality, and Saturation Temperature on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Microchannels . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , vol. 35 : 142 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koşar , A. , Kuo , C.-J. and Peles , Y. 2005 . Reduced Pressure Boiling Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels with Interconnected Reentrant Cavities . Trans. ASME , vol. 127 : 1106 – 1114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudawar , I. and Bowers , M. B. 1999 . Ultra-High Critical Heat Flux (CHF) for Subcooled Water Flow Boiling–I: CHF Data and Parametric Effects for Small Diameter Tubes . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 42 : 1405 – 1428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , J. E. and Thome , J. R. 2010 . Critical Heat Flux in Multi-Microchannel Copper Elements with Low Pressure Refrigerants . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 53 : 110 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtan , L. , Revellin , R. and Thome , J. R. 2006 . Investigation of Saturated Critical Heat Flux in a Single, Uniformly Heated Microchannel . Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. , vol. 30 : 765 – 774 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauro , A. W. , Thome , J. R. , Toto , D. and Vanoli , G. P. 2010 . Saturated Critical Heat Flux in a Multi-Microchannel Heat Sink Fed by a Split Flow System . Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. , vol. 34 : 81 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran , T. N. , Wambsganss , M. W. and France , D. M. 1996 . Small Circular- and Rectangular-Channel Boiling with Two Refrigerants . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , vol. 22 : 485 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owhaib , W. , Martin-Callizo , C. and Palm , B. 2004 . Evaporative Heat Transfer in Vertical Circular Microchannels . Appl. Therm. Eng. , vol. 24 : 1241 – 1253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan , A. , Roy , R. P. and Kalra , S. P. 1990 . Experiments on Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Vertical Annular Channel . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 33 : 2285 – 2293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , X. , Lin , G. P. , Cai , Y. and Wen , D. S. 2011 . Experimental Study of Flow Boiling of FC-72 in Parallel Minichannels under Sub-Atmospheric Pressure . Appl. Thermal Eng. , vol. 31 : 3839 – 3853 . DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.07.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah , R. K. and London , A. L. 1978 . “ Laminar Forced Convection in Ducts. ” . In Advances in Heat Transfer New York : Academic Press. . Supplement 1
   Google Scholar
• Agostini , B. , Fabbri , M. , Park , J. E. , Wojtan , L. , Thome , J. R. and Michel , B. 2007 . State of the Art of High Heat Flux Cooling Technologies . Heat Transf. Eng. , vol. 28 : 258 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostini , B. , Thome , J. R. , Fabbri , M. , Michel , B. , Calmi , D. and Kloter , U. 2008 . High Heat Flux Flow Boiling in Silicon Multi-Microchannels—Part II: Heat Transfer Characteristics of Refrigerant R245fa . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 51 : 5415 – 5425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenning , D. B. R. , Wen , D. S. , Das , K. S. and Wilson , K. S. 2006 . Confined Growth of a Vapour Bubble in a Capillary Tube at Initially Uniform Superheat . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 49 : 4653 – 4671 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , J. L. , Zhou , J. J. , Gan , Y. H. and Chen , Y. 2004 . Unsteady Flow Phenomenon in a Heated Microchannel at High Heat Fluxes . Exp. Heat Transf. , vol. 17 : 299 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen , D. S. and Kenning , D. B. R. 2004 . Two-Phase Pressure Drop of Water During Flow Boiling in a Vertical Narrow Channel . Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. , vol. 28 : 131 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comakli , O. , Yilmaz , M. , Ozyurt , O. and Karasli , S. 2004 . Two-Phase Flow Thermal Instabilities in a Horizontal In-Tube Boiling System with Enhanced Surfaces . Exp. Heat Transf. , vol. 17 : 199 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , J. C. 1963 . A Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluid in Convection Flow ASME Paper No. 63-HT-34
   Google Scholar
• Yu , W. , France , D. M. , Wambsganss , M. W. and Hull , J. R. 2002 . Two-Phase Pressure Drop, Boiling Heat Transfer, and Critical Heat Flux to Water in a Small-Diameter Horizontal Tube . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , vol. 28 : 927 – 941 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , W. , Hull , J. R. , France , D. M. and Ramamoorthy , V. K. V. 2005 . Small-Channel Flow Boiling of One-Component Fluids and an Ethylene Glycol/Water Mixture . Exp. Heat Transf. , vol. 18 : 243 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimenko , V. V. 1990 . A Generalized Correlation for Two-Phase Forced Flow Heat Transfer . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 31 : 541 – 552 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , H. and Lee , S. 2001 . Heat Transfer Correlation for Boiling Flow in Small Rectangular Horizontal Channels with Low Aspect Ratio . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , vol. 27 : 2043 – 2062 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravigururajan , T. S. 1998 . Impact of Channel Geometry on Two Phase Flow Heat Transfer Characteristics of Refrigerants in Microchannel Heat Exchangers . J. Heat Transf. , vol. 120 : 485 – 491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warrier , G. R. , Dhir , V. K. and Momoda , L. A. 2002 . Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Narrow Rectangular Channels . Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. , vol. 26 : 53 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , Y. Y. and Lin , T. F. 1998 . Evaporation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Refrigerant R-134a in a Small Pipe . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 41 : 4183 – 4194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan , N. , Liu , Z. G. , Takei , M. and Zhang , C. W. 2010 . Boiling Heat Transfer in Microcapillary Grooves with Different Structured Surfaces of Microcavities . Exp. Heat Transf. , vol. 23 : 217 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen , D. S. , Yan , Y. and Kenning , D. B. R. 2004 . Saturated Flow Boiling of Water in a Narrow Channel: Time-Averaged Heat Transfer Coefficients and Correlations . Appl. Thermal Eng. , vol. 24 : 1207 – 1223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , S. , Kew , P. A. and Cornwell , K. 2001 . Two-Phase Heat Transfer to a Refrigerant in a 1 mm Diameter Tube . Int. J. Refrigerat. , vol. 24 : 51 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koşar , A. , Kuo , C.-J. and Peles , Y. 2005 . Boiling Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels with Reentrant Cavities . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 48 : 3615 – 3627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu , W. and Mudawar , I. 2003 . Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Two-Phase Micro-Channel Heat Sinks—I. Experimental Investigation and Assessment of Correlation Methods . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 46 : 2755 – 2771 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandlikar , S. G. 2004 . Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Flow Boiling in Microchannels . ASME J. Heat Transf. , vol. 126 : 8 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandlikar , S. G. and Balasubramanian , P. 2003 . Extending the Applicability of the Flow Boiling Correlation at low Reynolds Number Flows in Micro-Channels, Paper ICMM2003–1075 . First International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels . April 24–25 2003 , New York . pp. 603 – 608 .
   Google Scholar
• Gungor , K. E. and Winterton , R. H. S. 1987 . Simplified General Correlation for Saturated Flow Boiling and Comparisons of Correlations with Data . Chem. Eng. Res. Des. , vol. 65 : 254 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papell , S. S. 1963 . Subcooled Boiling Heat Transfer under Forced Convection in a Heated Tube Cleveland , OH : NASA. . Technical Note D-1583
   Google Scholar
• Badiuzzaman , M. 1967 . Correlation of Subcooled Boiling Data . Pak. Eng. , vol. 7 : 759 – 764 .
   Google Scholar
• Moles , F. D. and Shaw , J. F. G. 1972 . Boiling Heat Transfer to Subcooled Liquids under Condition of Forced Convection . Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. , vol. 50 : 76 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Gungor , K. E. and Winterton , R. H. S. 1986 . A General Correlation for Flow Boiling in Tubes and Annuli . Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol. 29 : 351 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar