Advanced search
Publication Cover
Autoimmunity Volume 35, 2002 - Issue 3
Submit an article Journal homepage
85
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Postpartum Thyroiditis

J.H. Lazarus Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF64 4XN, Wales, UK
,
A.B. Parkes Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF64 4XN, Wales, UK
&
L.D.K.E. Premawardhana Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF64 4XN, Wales, UK
Pages 169-173 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

  • Amino, N., Iwatani, Y., Tamaki, H., Mori, H., Aozasa, M. and Miyai, K. (1985) "Postpartum autoimmune thyroid syndromes", In: Walfish, P.G., Wall, J.R. and Volpe, R., eds, Autoimmunity and the Thyroid (Academic Press, London), pp 289 - 314
  • Lazarus, J.H., Hall, R., Othman, S., Parkes, A.B., Richards, C.J., McCulloch, B., et al., (1996) "The clinical spectrum of postpartum thyroid disease", Quart. J. Med. 89, 429 - 435
  • Othman, S., Phillips, D.I.W., Parkes, A.B., Richards, C.J., Harris, B., Fung, H., et al., (1990) "A long-term follow-up of postpartum thyroiditis", Clin. Endocrinol. 32, 559 - 564
  • Lazarus, J.H., Ammari, F., Oretti, R., Parkes, A.B., Richards, C.J. and Harris, B. (1997) "Clinical aspects of recurrent postpartum thyroiditis", Br. J. Gen. Pract. 47, 305 - 308
  • Nikolai, T.F., Turney, S.L. and Roberts, R.C. (1987) "Postpartum lymphocytic thyroiditis", Arch. Intern. Med. 47, 221 - 224
  • Fung, H.Y.M., Kologlu, M., Collison, K., et al., (1988) "Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Mid Glamorgan", Br. Med. J. 296, 241 - 244
  • Gerstein, H.C. (1990) "How common is postpartum thyroiditis?", Arch. Int. Med. 150, 1397 - 1400
  • Walfish, P.G., Meyerson, J., Provias, J.P., Vargas, M.T. and Papsin, F.R. (1992) "Prevalence and characteristics of post-partum thyroid dysfunction: results of a survey from Toronto, Canada", J. Endocrinol. Invest. 15, 265 - 272
  • Barca, M.F., Knobel, M., Tominori, E., Cardia, M.S. and Medeiros-Neto, G. (2000) "Prevalence and characteristics of postpartum dysfunction in Sao Paulo, Brazil", Clinical Endocrinology 53, 21 - 31
  • Lazarus, J.H., Premawardhana, L.D.K.E. and Parkes, A.B. (1998) "Postpartum thyroiditis", In: Weetman, A.P., ed, Endocrine Autoimmunity and Associated Conditions (Kluwer Academic Publ, Dordrecht/Boston/London), pp 83 - 97
  • Amino, N., Tada, H. and Hidaka, Y. (1999) "Postpartum autoimmune syndrome: A model of aggravation of autoimmune disease", Thyroid 9, 705 - 713
  • Smallridge, R.C. (2000) "Postpartum thyroid disease A model of immunological dysfunction", Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 1, 89 - 103
  • Muller, A.F., Drexhage, H.A. and Bergout, A. (2001) "Postpartum thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis in women of child bearing age: recent insights and consequences for antenatal and postnatal care", Endocrine Reviews 22, 605 - 630
  • Kuijpens, J.L., Haan, M., Vader, H.L., Pop, V.J., Wiersinga, W.M. and Drexhage, H.A. (1998) "Cell-mediated immunity and postpartum thyroid dysfunction: a possibility for the prediction of disease?", J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab. 83, 1959 - 1966
  • Harris, B., Othman, S., Davies, J., Weppner, G.J., Richards, C.J., Newcombe, R.G., et al., (1992) "Association between postpartum thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies and depression", Br. Med. J. 305, 152 - 156
  • Premawardhana, L.D., Parkes, A.B., Ammari, F., John, R., Darke, C., Adams, H. and Lazarus, J.H. (2000) "Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity", J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab. 85, 71 - 75
  • Mizukami, Y., Michigishi, T., Nonomura, A., et al., (1993) "Postpartum thyroiditis--a clinical, histologic and immunologic study of 15 cases", Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 100, 200 - 205
  • Weetman, A.P. (1999) "The immunology of pregnancy", Thyroid 9, 643 - 646
  • Davies, T.F. (1999) "The thyroid immunology of the postpartum period", Thyroid 9, 675 - 684
  • Wegmann, T.G., Lin, H., Guilbert, L. and Mosmann, T.R. (1993) "Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a T H 2 phenomenon?", Immunology Today 14, 353 - 356
  • Kincade, P.W., Medina, K.L., Smithson, G. and Scott, D.C. (1994) "Pregnancy: a clue to normal regulation of B lymphopoiesis", Immunology Today 15, 539 - 544
  • Lazarus, J.H. and Ludgate, M.E. (1997) "Prevention and treatment of postpartum Graves' disease", Bailliere's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Newer Aspects of Clinical Graves' Disease (Bailliere Tindall, London) vol. 11, no. 3, pp 549 - 560
  • Tachi, J., Amino, N., Tamaki, H., Aozaso, M., Iwatani, Y. and Miyai, K. (1988) "Long term follow-up and HLA association in patients with postpartum hypothyroidism", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66, 480 - 484
  • Kologlu, M., Fung, H., Darke, C., Richards, C.J., Hall, R. and McGregor, A.M. (1990) "Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and HLA status", Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 20, 56 - 60
  • Thompson, P. and Farid, N.R. (1985) "Post-partum thyroiditis and goitrous (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis are associated with HLA-DR4", Immunol. Letts. 11, 301
  • Lervang, H.H., Pryds, O., Kristensen, H.P.O., Jakobsen, B.K. and Svejgaard, A. (1984) "Post-partum autoimmune thyroid disorder associated with HLA-DR4?", Tissue Antigens 23, 250 - 252
  • Jansson, R., Safwenberg, J. and Dahlberg, P.A. (1985) "Influence of the HLA-DR4 antigen and iodine status on the development of autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60, 168 - 173
  • Pryds, O., Lervang, H.-H., Ostergaard Kristensen, H.P., Jakobsen, B.K. and Svejgaard, A. (1987) "HLA-DR factors associated with postpartum hypothyroidism: an early manifestation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?", Tissue Antigens 30, 34 - 37
  • Vargas, M.T., Briones-Urbina, R., Gladman, D., Papsin, F.R. and Walfish, P.G. (1988) "Antithyroid microsomal autoantibodies and HLA-DR5 are associated with postpartum thyroid dysfunction: evidence supporting an autoimmune pathogenesis", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67, 327 - 333
  • Parkes, A.B., Darke, C. and Othman, S. (1996) "MHC class II and complement polymorphism in postpartum thyroiditis", Eur. J. Endocrinol. 134, 449 - 453
  • Farid, N.R., Hawe, B.S. and Walfish, P.G. (1983) "Increased frequency of HLA-DR3 and 5 in the syndromes of painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis: evidence for an autoimmune etiology", Clin. Endocrinol. 19, 699 - 704
  • Weissel, M., Hofer, R., Zasmeta, H. and Mayr, W.R. (1980) "HLA-DR and Hashimoto's thyroiditis", Tissue Antigens 16, 256 - 257
  • Farid, N.R., Sampson, L., Moens, H. and Barnard, L.M. (1981) "The association of goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with HLA-DR5", Tissue Antigens 17, 265 - 268
  • Sakurami, T., Ueno, Y., Iwaki, Y., et al., (1982) "HLA-DR specificities among Japanese with several autoimmune diseases", Tissue Antigens 19, 129 - 133
  • Svejgaard, A., Platz, P. and Ryder, L.P. (1994) "HLA and disease susceptibility: clinical implications", Clin. Immunol. Rev. 4, 567 - 580
  • Stenszky, V., Balazs, C., Kraszits, E., et al., (1987) "Association of goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with HLA-DR3 in eastern Hungary", J. Immunogenet. 14, 143 - 148
  • Badenhoop, K., Schwarz, G., Walfish, P.G., Drummond, V., Usadel, K.H. and Bottazzo, G.F. (1990) "Susceptibility to thyroid autoimmune disease: molecular markers for goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 1131 - 1137
  • Ratanachaiavong, S., Demaine, A.G., Campbell, R.D., McGregor, A.M. and Vanderpump, M.P.J. (1991) "Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and complement C4 genotypes in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease", Clin. Exp. Immunol. 84, 48 - 52
  • Parkes, A.B., Othman, S., Hall, R., John, R., Richards, C.J. and Lazarus, J.H. (1994) "The role of complement in the pathogenesis of postpartum thyroiditis", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79, 395 - 400
  • Parkes, A.B., Othman, S., Hall, R., John, R. and Lazarus, J.H. (1995) "The role of complement in the pathogenesis of postpartum thyroiditis: relationship between complement activation and disease presentation and progression", Eur. J. Endocrinol. 133, 210 - 215
  • Vanderpump, M.P.J., Tunbridge, W.M.G., French, J.M., Appleton, D., Bates, D., Clark, F., et al., (1995) "The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey", Clin. Endocrinol. 43, 55 - 68
  • Othman, S., Phillips, D.I.W., Lazarus, J.H., Parkes, A.B., Richards, C. and Hall, R. (1992) "Iodine metabolism in postpartum thyroiditis", Thyroid 2, 107 - 111
  • Parkes, A.B., Black, E.G., Adams, H., John, R., Richards, C.J., Hall, R., et al., (1994) "Serum thyroglobulin--an early indicator of autoimmune postpartum thyroid disease", Clin. Endocrinol. 41, 9 - 14
  • Natvig, J.B. and Kunkel, H.G. (1973) "Human imunoglobulins: Classes, subclasses, genetic variants and idiotypes", Adv. Immunol. 16, 1 - 59
  • Hall, R., Fung, H., Kologlu, M., et al. (1988) "Post-partum thyroid dysfunction", In: Pinchera, A., Ingbar, S.H., McKenzie, J.M. and Fenzi, G.F., eds, Thyroid Autoimmunity (Plenum Press, New York & London), pp 211 - 220
  • Jansson, R., Thompson, P.M., Clark, F. and McLachlan, S.M. (1986) "Association between thyroid microsomal antibodies of subclass IgG-1 and hypothyroidism in autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis", Clin. Exp. Immunol. 63, 80 - 86
  • Briones-Urbina, R., Parkes, A.B., Bogner, U., Mariotti, S. and Walfish, P.G. (1990) "Increase in antimicrosomal antibody related IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 and titres of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, but not antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity in post-partum thyroiditis with transient hyperthyroidism", J. Endocrinol. Invest. 13, 879 - 886
  • Parkes, A.B., Harris, R., Williams, S., Lazarus, J.H. and Waters, J.S. (1991) "ELISA for the measurement of complement C3 activation by autoantibodies directed against thyroid membrane antigens", J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 35, 139 - 145
  • Weetman, A.P., Fung, H.Y.M., Richards, C.J. and McGregor, A.M. (1990) "IgG subclass distribution and relative functional affinity of thyroid microsomal antibodies in postpartum thyroiditis", Euro. J. Clin. Invest. 20, 133 - 136
  • Klein, J. (1982) Immunology: The Science of Self-Nonself Discrimination (John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York), pp 310 - 346
  • Devey, M.E. (1986) "The biological and pathological significance of antibody affinity", In: French, M.A.H., ed, Immunoglobulins in Health and Disease (MTP Press, Lancaster, UK), pp 55 - 73
  • Parkes, A.B., Adams, H., Othman, S., Hall, R., John, R. and Lazarus, J.H. (1996) "The role of complement in the pathogenesis of postpartum thyroiditis. Ultrasound echogenicity and the degree of complement induced thyroid damage", Thyroid 6, 169 - 174
  • Jaume, J.C., Parkes, A.B., Lazarus, J.H., Hall, R., Constantes, G., McLachlan, S.M. and Rapoport, B. (1995) "Thyroid peroxidase autoantibody fingerprints--II: a longitudinal study in postpartum thyroiditis", J. Clin. Endo. Metabol. 80, 1000 - 1005
  • Hidaka, Y., Amino, N., Iwatani, Y., Kaneda, T., Nasu, M., Mitsuda, N., Tanizawa, O. and Miyai, K. (1992) "Increase in peripheral natural killer cell activity in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease", Autoimmunity 11, 239 - 246
  • Watanabe, M., Iwatani, Y., Kaneda, T., Hidaka, Y., Mitsuda, N., Morimoto, Y. and Amino, N. (1997) "Changes in T, B, and NK lymphocyte subsets during and after normal pregnancy", Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 37, 368 - 377
  • Stagnaro-Green, A., Roman, H., Cobin, R.H., El-Harazy, E., Wallenstein, S. and Davies, T.F. (1992) "Prospective study of lymphocyte-initiated immunosuppression in normal pregnancy: evidence of a T-cell etiology for postpartum thyroid dysfunction", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74, 645 - 653

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.