References
- Jia HP, Schutte BC, Schudy A, Linzmeier R, Guthmiller JM, Johnson GK, Tack BF, Mitros JP, Rosenthal A, Ganz T, et al. Discovery of new human beta-defensins using a genomics-based approach. Gene 2001; 263(1–2)211–218
- Kluver E, Adermann K, Schulz A. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of beta-defensins, multi-functional peptides of the immune system. J Pept Sci 2006; 12(4)243–257
- Taylor K, Barran PE, Dorin JR. Structure–activity relationships in beta-defensin peptides. Biopolymers 2008; 90(1)1–7
- Oppenheim JJ, Biragyn A, Kwak LW, Yang D. Roles of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins in innate and adaptive immunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62(Suppl 2)ii17–ii21
- Chakraborty K, Ghosh S, Kole H, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ramamurthy T, Saha DR, Mukhopadhyay D, Roychowdhury S, Hamabata T, Takeda Y, et al. Bacterial exotoxins downregulate cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL37) and human beta-defensin 1 (HBD-1) expression in the intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10(2)2520–2537
- Malik AN, Al-Kafaji G. Glucose regulation of beta-defensin-1 mRNA in human renal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 353(2)318–323
- Sherman H, Chapnik N, Froy O. Albumin and amino acids upregulate the expression of human beta-defensin 1. Mol Immunol 2006; 43(10)1617–1623
- Sherman H, Froy O. Expression of human beta-defensin 1 is regulated via c-Myc and the biological clock. Mol Immunol 2008; 45(11)3163–3167
- Milanese M, Segat L, Crovella S. Transcriptional effect of DEFB1 gene 5′ untranslated region polymorphisms. Cancer Res 2007; 67(12)5997
- Sun CQ, Arnold R, Fernandez-Golarz C, Parrish AB, Almekinder T, He J, Ho SM, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Marshall FF, et al. Human beta-defensin-1, a potential chromosome 8p tumor suppressor: Control of transcription and induction of apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2006; 66(17)8542–8549
- Barnea M, Madar Z, Froy O. Glucose and insulin are needed for optimal defensin expression in human cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 367(2)452–456
- Froy O, Hananel A, Chapnik N, Madar Z. Differential effect of insulin treatment on decreased levels of beta-defensins and toll-like receptors in diabetic rats. Mol Immunol 2007; 44(5)796–802
- Cucca F, Esposito L, Goy JV, Merriman ME, Wilson AJ, Reed PW, Bain SC, Todd JA. Investigation of linkage of chromosome 8 to type 1 diabetes: Multipoint analysis and exclusion mapping of human chromosome 8 in 593 affected sib-pair families from the UK and US. Diabetes 1998; 47(9)1525–1527
- Schnapp DRC, Harris A. Localization of expression of human beta defensin-1 in the pancreas and kidney. J Pathol 1998; 186: 99–103
- Araujo J, Brandao LA, Guimaraes RL, Santos S, Falcao EA, Milanese M, Segat L, Souza PR, de Lima-Filho JL, Crovella S. Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction in young Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2008; 9(4pt)272–276
- Kim MS, Polychronakos C. Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes. Horm Res 2005; 64(4)180–188
- Hauache OM, Reis AF, Oliveira CS, Vieira JG, Sjoroos M, Ilonen J. Estimation of diabetes risk in Brazilian population by typing for polymorphisms in HLA-DR-DQ, INS and CTLA-4 genes. Dis Markers 2005; 21(3)139–145
- Alves C, Meyer I, Vieira N, Toralles MB, LeMaire D. Distribution and frequency of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Brazilians with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2006; 50(3)436–444
- Fernandes AP, Foss MC, Ramos SB, Donadi EA. Overexpression of HLA class I molecules on T cells among type 1 diabetes Brazilian patients. Mol Immunol 2004; 41(10)1047–1050
- Braida L, Boniotto M, Pontillo A, Tovo PA, Amoroso A, Crovella S. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human beta-defensin 1 gene is associated with HIV-1 infection in Italian children. Acquir Immunodefic Syndr 2004; 18(11)1598–1600
- Jurevic RJ, Bai M, Chadwick RB, White TC, Dale BA. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human beta-defensin 1: High-throughput SNP assays and association with Candida carriage in type I diabetics and nondiabetic controls. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(1)90–96
- Excoffier LLG, Schneider S. Arlequin ver 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 2005; 1: 3
- Morran MP, Omenn GS, Pietropaolo M. Immunology and genetics of type 1 diabetes. Mt Sinai J Med 2008; 75(4)314–327
- Yang D, Chertov O, Bykovskaia SN, Chen Q, Buffo MJ, Shogan J, Anderson M, Schroder JM, Wang JM, Howard OM, et al. Beta-defensins: Linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science 1999; 286(5439)525–528
- Saraheimo M, Forsblom C, Pettersson-Fernholm K, Flyvbjerg A, Groop PH, Frystyk J. Increased levels of alpha-defensin ( − 1, − 2 and − 3) in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23(3)914–918
- Araya M, Mondragon A, Perez-Bravo F, Roessler JL, Alarcon T, Rios G, Bergenfreid C. Celiac disease in a Chilean population carrying amerindian traits. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 381–386