Impact of the surface roughness of AISI 316L stainless steel on biofilm adhesion in a seawater-cooled tubular heat exchanger-condenser

References

• ASME/ANSI B46.1. 2009. Surface texture (Surface roughness, waviness, and lay). New York, (NY): The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Barton AF, Wallis MR, Sargison JE, Buia A, Walker GJ. 2008. Hydraulic roughness of biofouled pipes, biofilm character, and measured improvements from cleaning. J Hydraul Eng. 134:852–857. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:6(852)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornhorst A, Muller-Steinhagen H, Zhao Q. 1999. Reduction formation under pool boiling conditions by ion implantation and magnetron sputtering on heat transfer surfaces. Heat Transfer Eng. 20:6–14. doi: 10.1080/014576399271529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudjellaba D, Dron J, Revenko G, Démelas C, Boudenne JL. 2016. Chlorination by-product concentration levels in seawater and fish of an industrialised bay (Gulf of Fos, France) exposed to multiple chlorinated effluents. Sci Total Environ. 541:391-399. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Characklis WG, Turakhia MH, Zelver N. 1990. Transport and interfacial transfer phenomena. In: Characklis WG, Marshall KC, editors. Biofilms. New York (NY): Wiley Series in Ecological and Applied Microbiology; p. 265–340.
   Google Scholar
• Chen MJ, Zhang Z, Bott TR. 2005. Effects of operating conditions on the adhesive strength of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms in tubes. Colloid Surface B. 43:61–71. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YI, Choi BG. 1999. Validation of an electronic antifouling technology in a single tube heat exchanger. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 42:1491–1499. doi: 10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00196-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloete TE, Westaard D, Van Vuuren SJ. 2003. Dynamic response of biofilm to pipe surface and fluid velocity. Water Sci Technol. 47:57–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowle MW, Babatunde AO, Rauen WB, Bockelmann-Evans BN, Barton AF. 2014. Biofilm development in water distribution and drainage systems: dynamics and implications for hydraulic efficiency. Environ Technol. 3:31–47. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2014.923517
   Google Scholar
• Cristiani P, Perboni G. 2014. Antifouling strategies and corrosion control in cooling circuits. Bioelectrochemistry. 97:120–126. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditsche P, Wainwright DK, Summers AP. 2014. Attachment to challenging substrates – fouling, roughness and limits of adhesion in the northern clingfish. J Exp Biol. 217:2548–2554. doi: 10.1242/jeb.100149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donlan RM. 2002. Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis. 8:881–890. doi: 10.3201/eid0809.020063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguía E, Trueba A. 2007. Application of marine biotechnology in the production of natural biocides for testing on environmentally innocuous antifouling coatings. J Coat Technol Res. 4:191–202. doi: 10.1007/s11998-007-9022-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguía E, Trueba A, Girón MA, Río-Calonge B, Otero FM, Bielva C. 2007. Optimisation of biocide dose as a function of residual biocide in a heat exchanger pilot plant effluent. Biofouling. 23:231–247. doi: 10.1080/08927010701306740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguía E, Trueba A, Río-Calonge B, Girón MA, Amieva JJ, Bielva C. 2008. Combined monitor for direct and indirect measurement of biofouling. Biofouling. 24:75–86. doi: 10.1080/08927010701817241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguía E, Trueba A, Río-Calonge B, Girón MA, Bielva C. 2008. Biofilm control in tubular heat exchangers refrigerated by seawater using flow inversion physical treatment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 62:79–87. doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espeso DR, Carpio A, Einarsson B. 2015. Differential growth of wrinkled biofilms. Phys Rev E. 91:022710–022727. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.022710
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira C, Pereira AM, Pereira MC, Simoes M, Melo LF. 2013. Biofilm control with new microparticles with immobilized biocide. Heat Transfer Eng. 34:712–718. doi: 10.1080/01457632.2012.739040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frota MN, Ticona EM, Neves AV, Marques RP, Braga SL, Valente G. 2014. On-line cleaning technique for mitigation of biofouling in heat exchangers: a case study of a hydroelectric power plant in Brazil. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 53:197–206. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geddert T, Augustin W, Scholl S. 2011. Induction time in crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces. Chem Eng Technol. 34:1303–1310. doi: 10.1002/ceat.201000469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjaltema A, Arts PAM, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Kuenen JG, Heijnen JJ. 1994. Heterogeneity of biofilms in rotating annular reactors: occurrence, structure, and consequences. Biotechnol Bioeng. 44:194–204. doi: 10.1002/bit.260440208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukulka DJ, Devgun M. 2007. Fouling surface finish evaluation. Appl Therm Eng. 27:1165–1172. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.02.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang-Chen W, Su-Fang L, Liang-Bi W, Kai C, Qiao-Ling Z, Hong-Bin L, Gang L. 2016. Relationships between the characteristics of CaCO3 fouling and the flow velocity in smooth tube. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 74:143–159. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Zhao Q. 2011. The CQ ratio of surface energy components influences adhesion and removal of fouling bacteria. Biofouling. 27:275–285. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2011.563842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zou Y, Zhao L, Liu W, Cheng L. 2011. Investigation of adhesion of CaCO3 crystalline fouling on stainless steel surfaces with different roughness. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 38:730–733. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavridou SG, Konstandinidis E, Bouris DG. 2015. Experimental evaluation of pairs of inline tubes of different size as components for heat exchanger tube bundles. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 90:280–290. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.06.047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival SL, Knapp JS, Wales DS, Edyvean RGJ. 1999. The effect of turbulent flow and surface roughness on biofilm formation in drinking water. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 22:152–159. doi: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins SCT, Henderson AD, Walker JM, Li XL. 2012. The influence of bacteria based biofouling on the wall friction and velocity distribution of hydropower pipes. Aust J Mech Eng. 12:77–88. doi: 10.7158/M12-087.2014.12.1
   Google Scholar
• Renner LD, Weibel DB. 2011. Physicochemical regulation of biofilm formation. MRS Bull. 36:347-355. doi: 10.1557/mrs.2011.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio D, Casanueva JF, Nebot E. 2015. Assessment of the antifouling effect of five different treatment strategies on a seawater cooling system. Appl Therm Eng. 85:124-134. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos O, Nylander T, Rosmaninho Rizzo RG, Yiantsios S, Andritsos N, Karabelas A, Muller-Steinhagen H, Melo L, Boulange-Petermann L, Gabet C, et al. 2004. Modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce fouling – surface characterization. J Food Eng. 64:63–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz MP, Swain GW. 1999. The effect of biofilms on turbulent boundary layers. J Fluids Eng. 121:733–746. doi: 10.1115/1.2822009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharqawy MH, Lienhard JH, Zubair SM. 2010. Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data. Desalin Water Treat. 16:354–380. doi: 10.5004/dwt.2010.1079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh AV, Vyas V, Patil R, Sharma V, Scopelliti PE. 2011. Quantitative characterization of the influence of the nanoscale morphology of nanostructured surfaces on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. PLOS One. 6:e25029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spritzler J, DeGruttola VG, Pei L. 2008. Two-sample tests of area-under-the-curve in the presence of missing data. Int J Biostat. 4:1557–4679. doi: 10.2202/1557-4679.1068
   Google Scholar
• Trueba A, García S, Otero FM. 2014. Mitigation of biofouling using electromagnetic fields in tubular heat exchangers-condensers cooled by seawater. Biofouling. 30:95–103. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.847926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueba A, García S, Otero FM, Vega LM, Madariaga E. 2015a. The effect of electromagnetic fields on biofouling in a heat exchange system using seawater. Biofouling. 31:19–26. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1070404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueba A, García S, Otero FM, Vega LM, Madariaga E. 2015b. Influence of flow velocity on biofilm growth in a tubular heat exchanger-condenser cooled by seawater. Biofouling. 31:527–534. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1070404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueba A, Otero FM, González JA, Vega LM, García S. 2013. Study of the activity of quaternary ammonium compounds in the mitigation of biofouling in heat exchangers–condensers cooled by seawater. Biofouling. 29:1139–1151. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.830108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueba A, Vega LM, García S, Otero FM, Madariaga E. 2016. Mitigation of marine biofouling on tubes of open rack vaporizers using electromagnetic fields. Water Sci Technol. 73:1221–1229. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Kim D, Lee T. 2010. Microbial diversity in biofilms on water distribution pipes of different materials. Water Sci Technol. 61:163–171. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zettler HU, Weiss M, Zhao Q, Muller-Steinhagen H. 2005. Influence of surface properties and characteristics on fouling in plate heat exchangers. Heat Transfer Eng. 26:3–17. doi: 10.1080/01457630590897024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar