Impediment to growth and yeast-to-hyphae transition in Candida albicans by copper oxide nanoparticles

References

• Baev D, Li XS, Dong J, Keng P, Edgerton M. 2002. Human salivary histatin 5 causes disordered volume regulation and cell cycle arrest in Candida albicans. Infect Immun. 70:4777–4784. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.9.4777-4784.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballo MKS, Rtimi S, Pulgarin C, Hopf N, Berthet A, Kiwi J, Moreillon P, Entenza JM, Bizzini A. 2016. In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of an innovative silver-copper nanoparticle coating of catheters to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 60:5349–5356. doi:10.1128/AAC.00959-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman J, Sudbery PE. 2002. Candida albicans: a molecular revolution built on lessons from budding yeast. Nature reviews. Nat Rev Genet. 3:918–930. doi:10.1038/nrg948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besold AN, Culbertson EM, Culotta VC. 2016. The yin and yang of copper during infection. J Biol Inorg Chem. 21:137–144. doi:10.1007/s00775-016-1335-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bink A, Vandenbosch D, Coenye T, Nelis H, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. 2011. Superoxide dismutases are involved in Candida albicans biofilm persistence against miconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 55:4033–4037. doi:10.1128/AAC.00280-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce KJ, Andrianopoulos A. 2015. Fungal dimorphism: the switch from hyphae to yeast is a specialized morphogenetic adaptation allowing colonization of a host. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 39:797–811. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun BR, Johnson AD. 2000. TUP1, CPH1 and EFG1 make independent contributions to filamentation in Candida albicans. Genetics. 155:57–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun BR, Kadosh D, Johnson AD. 2001. NRG1, a repressor of filamentous growth in C. albicans, is down-regulated during filament induction. EMBO J. 20:4753–4761. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.17.4753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breivik ON, Owades JL. 1957. Yeast analysis, spectrophotometric semimicrodetermination of ergosterol in yeast. J Agric Food Chem. 5:360–363. doi:10.1021/jf60075a005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo H, Muñoz-Castellanos L, Chamorro R, Reyes Martinez R, Borunda E. 2018. Nanoparticles as new therapeutic agents against Candida albicans. In: Candida albicans. London: IntechOpen. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/63926.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra J, Kuhn DM, Mukherjee PK, Hoyer LL, McCormick T, Ghannoum MA. 2001. Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance. J Bacteriol. 183:5385–5394. doi:10.1128/JB.183.18.5385-5394.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collart MA, Oliviero S. 2001. Preparation of yeast RNA. Curr Protocal Mol Biol. 23:13.12.1–13.12.5.
   Google Scholar
• Csank C, SchröPpel K, Leberer E, Harcus D, Mohamed O, Meloche S, Thomas DY, Whiteway M. 1998. Roles of the Candida albicans mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog, Cek1p, in hyphal development and systemic candidiasis. Infect Immun. 66:2713–2721. doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2713-2721.1998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullity BD. 1978. Elements of x-ray diffraction. 2nd ed. Phillippines: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.
   Google Scholar
• d’Ostiani CF, Del Sero G, Bacci A, Montagnoli C, Spreca A, Mencacci A, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Romani L. 2000. Dendritic cells discriminate between yeasts and hyphae of the fungus Candida albicans. Implications for initiation of T helper cell immunity in vitro and in vivo. J Experiment Med. 191:1661–1674. doi:10.1084/jem.191.10.1661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Oliveira Santos GC, Vasconcelos CC, Lopes AJO, de Sousa Cartágenes MS, Filho AKDB, do Nascimento FRF, Ramos RM, Pires ERRB, de Andrade MS, Rocha FMG, et al. 2018. Candida infections and therapeutic strategies: mechanisms of action for traditional and alternative agents. Front Microbiol. 9:1351–1351. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaloye J, Calandra T. 2014. Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient. Virulence. 5:161–169. doi:10.4161/viru.26187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ethiraj AS, Kang DJ. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanowires by a simple wet chemical method. Nanoscale Res Lett. 7:70. doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa RA, Thiele DJ. 2011. Copper: an essential metal in biology. Curr Biol. 21:R877–R883. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Futcher B. 1996. Cyclins and the wiring of the yeast cell cycle. Yeast. 12:1635–1646. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199612)12:16<1635::AID-YEA83>3.0.CO;2-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray KC, Palacios DS, Dailey I, Endo MM, Uno BE, Wilcock BC, Burke MD. 2012. Amphotericin primarily kills yeast by simply binding ergosterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:2234–2239. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117280109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haber F, Weiss J, Pope WJ. 1934. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts. Proc R Soc London Ser A. 147:332–351.
   Google Scholar
• Hsiao IL, Hsieh YK, Wang CF, Chen IC, Huang YJ. 2015. Trojan-horse mechanism in the cellular uptake of silver nanoparticles verified by direct intra- and extracellular silver speciation analysis. Environ Sci Technol. 49:3813–3821. doi:10.1021/es504705p
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua Q, Cao T, Gu X-K, Lu J, Jiang Z, Pan X, Luo L, Li W-X, Huang W. 2014. Crystal-plane-controlled selectivity of Cu2O catalysts in propylene oxidation with molecular oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed. 53:4856–4861. doi:10.1002/anie.201402374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue M. 2013. Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxides. In: Handbook of advanced ceramics, 2nd ed. Oxford: Academic Press; p. 927–948.
   Google Scholar
• Irving H, Williams R. 1948. Order of stability of metal complexes. Nature. 162:746–747. doi:10.1038/162746a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabra-Rizk MA, Falkler WA, Meiller TF. 2004. Fungal biofilms and drug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis. 10:14–19. doi:10.3201/eid1001.030119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen ID, Hube B. 2017. Candida albicans morphology: still in focus. Exp Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 15:327–330. doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1290524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones L, O’Shea P. 1994. The electrostatic nature of the cell surface of Candida albicans: a role in adhesion. Experiment Mycol. 18:111–120. doi:10.1006/emyc.1994.1013
   Google Scholar
• Kasemets K, Kaosaar S, Vija H, Fascio U, Mantecca P. 2019. Toxicity of differently sized and charged silver nanoparticles to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741: a nano-biointeraction perspective. Nanotoxicology. 13:1041–1059. doi:10.1080/17435390.2019.1621401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehrer JP. 2000. The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology. 149:43–50. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00231-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi Rad K, Falahati M, Roudbary M, Farahyar S, Nami S. 2016. Overexpression of MDR-1 and CDR-2 genes in fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curr Med Mycol. 2:24–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klis FM, de Groot P, Hellingwerf K. 2001. Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans. Med Mycol. 39: 1–8. doi:10.1080/mmy.39.1.1.8-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klug L, Daum G. 2014. Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance. FEMS Yeast Res. 14:369–388. doi:10.1111/1567-1364.12141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga T, Sakata Y, Terasaki N. 2019. Accumulation and analysis of cuprous ions in a copper sulfate plating solution. J Vis Exp. 2019:e59376.
   Google Scholar
• Kojic EM, Darouiche RO. 2004. Candida infections of medical devices. Clin Microbiol Rev. 17:255–267. doi:10.1128/CMR.17.2.255-267.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn DM, George T, Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Ghannoum MA. 2002. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 46:1773–1780. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.6.1773-1780.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvaal C, Lachke SA, Srikantha T, Daniels K, McCoy J, Soll DR. 1999. Misexpression of the opaque- phase-specific gene PEP1 (SAP1) in the white phase of Candida albicans confers increased virulence in a mouse model of cutaneous infection. Infect Immun. 67:6652–6662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazebnik YA, Cole S, Cooke CA, Nelson WG, Earnshaw WC. 1993. Nuclear events of apoptosis in vitro in cell-free mitotic extracts: a model system for analysis of the active phase of apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 123:7–22. doi:10.1083/jcb.123.1.7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leberer E, Harcus D, Broadbent ID, Clark KL, Dignard D, Ziegelbauer K, Schmidt A, Gow NAR, Brown AJP, Thomas DY. 1996. Signal transduction through homologs of the Ste20p and Ste7p protein kinases can trigger hyphal formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:13217–13222. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Woo E-R, Lee DG. 2018. Apigenin induces cell shrinkage in Candida albicans by membrane perturbation. FEMS Yeast Res. 18:foy003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Palecek SP. 2003. EAP1, a Candida albicans gene involved in binding human epithelial cells. Eukaryotic Cell. 2:1266–1273. doi:10.1128/EC.2.6.1266-1273.2003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu J, Rijckaert H, Zeng M, Haustraete K, Laforce B, Vincze L, Van Driessche I, Kaczmarek AM, Van, Deun R. 2018. Simultaneously excited downshifting/upconversion luminescence from lanthanide-doped core/shell fluoride nanoparticles for multimode anticounterfeiting. Adv Funct Mater. 28:1707365. doi:10.1002/adfm.201707365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2 − ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25:402–408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo HJ, Kohler JR, DiDomenico B, Loebenberg D, Cacciapuoti A, Fink GR. 1997. Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent. Cell. 90:939–949. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80358-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuillan JS, Groenaga Infante H, Stokes E, Shaw AM. 2012. Silver nanoparticle enhanced silver ion stress response in Escherichia coli K12. Nanotoxicology. 6:857–866. doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.626532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merson-Davies LA, Odds FC. 1989. A morphology index for characterization of cell shape in Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol. 135:3143–3152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller MG, Johnson AD. 2002. White-opaque switching in Candida albicans is controlled by mating- type locus homeodomain proteins and allows efficient mating. Cell. 110:293–302. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00837-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagner H, Montagner F, Braun KO, Peres PEC, Gomes B. 2009. In vitro antifungal action of different substances over microwaved-cured acrylic resins. J Appl Oral Sci. 17:432–435. doi:10.1590/S1678-77572009000500015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyes DL, Richardson JP, Naglik JR. 2015. Candida albicans-epithelial interactions and pathogenicity mechanisms: scratching the surface. Virulence. 6:338–346. doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1012981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukaremera L, Lee KK, Mora-Montes HM, Gow N. 2017. Candida albicans yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal morphogenesis differentially affects immune recognition. Front Immunol. 8:629–629. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee PK, Chandra J. 2004. Candida biofilm resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 7:301–309. doi:10.1016/j.drup.2004.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murad AM, d’Enfert C, Gaillardin C, Tournu H, Tekaia F, Talibi D, Marechal D, Marchais V, Cottin J, Brown AJ. 2001. Transcript profiling in Candida albicans reveals new cellular functions for the transcriptional repressors CaTup1, CaMig1 and CaNrg1. Mol Microbiol. 42:981–993. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02713.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murad AM, Leng P, Straffon M, Wishart J, Macaskill S, MacCallum D, Schnell N, Talibi D. 2001. NRG1 represses yeast-hypha morphogenesis and hypha-specific gene expression in Candida albicans. EMBO J. 20:4742–4752. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.17.4742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthamil S, Balasubramaniam B, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. 2018. Synergistic effect of quinic acid derived from Syzygium cumini and undecanoic acid against Candida spp. biofilm and virulence. Front Microbiol. 9:2835. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nes WR, Sekula BC, Nes WD, Adler JH. 1978. The functional importance of structural features of ergosterol in yeast. J Biol Chem. 253:6218–6225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobile CJ, Johnson AD. 2015. Candida albicans biofilms and human disease. Annu Rev Microbiol. 69:71–92. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen I. 2014. Attenuation of Candida albicans virulence with focus on disruption of its vacuole functions. J Oral Microbiol. 6:23898. doi:10.3402/jom.v6.23898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmavathi AR, Bakkiyaraj D, Thajuddin N, Pandian SK. 2015. Effect of 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol on growth and biofilm formation by an opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. Biofouling. 31:565–574. doi:10.1080/08927014.2015.1077383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmavathi AR, Murthy PS, Das A, Nishad PA, Pandian R, Rao TS. 2019. Copper oxide nanoparticles as an effective anti-biofilm agent against a copper tolerant marine bacterium, Staphylococcus lentus. Biofouling. 35:1007–1025. doi:10.1080/08927014.2019.1687689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham AN, Rose AL, Waite TD. 2012. Kinetics of Cu(II) reduction by natural organic matter. J Phys Chem A. 116:6590–6599. doi:10.1021/jp300995h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham AN, Xing G, Miller CJ, Waite TD. 2013. Fenton-like copper redox chemistry revisited: hydrogen peroxide and superoxide mediation of copper-catalyzed oxidant production. J Catal. 301:54–64. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.01.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan QT, Belanger PH, Filler SG. 2000. Role of hyphal formation in interactions of Candida albicans with endothelial cells. Infect Immun. 68:3485–3490. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.6.3485-3490.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poreddy R, Engelbrekt C, Riisager A. 2015. Copper oxide as efficient catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols with air. Catal Sci Technol. 5:2467–2477. doi:10.1039/C4CY01622J
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad KN, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK, Verma AK, Ayyagari A. 2004. Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a single centre Indian experience. J Infect. 48:96–101. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(03)00119-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage G, Martínez JP, López-Ribot JL. 2006. Candida biofilms on implanted biomaterials: a clinically significant problem. FEMS Yeast Res. 6:979–986. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00117.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage G, Vande Walle K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL. 2001. Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 45:2475–2479. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.9.2475-2479.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez-Zavala B, Weyler M, Gildor T, Schmauch C, Kornitzer D, Arkowitz R, Morschhäuser J. 2013. Activation of the cph1-dependent MAP kinase signaling pathway induces white-opaque switching in Candida albicans. PLOS Pathog. 9:e1003696. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathna J, Bakkiyaraj D, Pandian SK. 2016. Anti-biofilm mechanisms of 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol against clinically relevant fungal pathogens. Biofouling. 32:979–993. doi:10.1080/08927014.2016.1216103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray PD, Huang B-W, Tsuji Y. 2012. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. 24:981–990. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues ML. 2018. The multifunctional fungal ergosterol. mBio. 9:e01755–01718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi DCP, Gleason JE, Sanchez H, Schatzman SS, Culbertson EM, Johnson CJ, McNees CA, Coelho C, Nett JE, Andes DR, et al. 2017. Candida albicans FRE8 encodes a member of the NADPH oxidase family that produces a burst of ROS during fungal morphogenesis. PLOS Pathog. 13:e1006763. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvatori O, Pathirana RU, Kay JG, Edgerton M. 2018. Candida albicans Ras1 inactivation increases resistance to phagosomal killing by human neutrophils. Infect Immun. 86:e00685–00618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder L, Ikui AE. 2019. Tryptophan confers resistance to SDS-associated cell membrane stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plos One. 14:e0199484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalom Y, Perelshtein I, Perkas N, Gedanken A, Banin E. 2017. Catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO nanoparticles delay the onset of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Nano Res. 10:520–533. doi:10.1007/s12274-016-1310-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Synnott JM, Guida A, Mulhern-Haughey S, Higgins DG, Butler G. 2010. Regulation of the hypoxic response in Candida albicans. Eukaryotic Cell. 9:1734–1746. doi:10.1128/EC.00159-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taff HT, Mitchell KF, Edward JA, Andes DR. 2013. Mechanisms of Candida biofilm drug resistance. Future Microbiol. 8:1325–1337. doi:10.2217/fmb.13.101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Lun N, Ma X, Wen S. 2007. A simple solvothermal reduction route to copper and cuprous oxide. Mater Lett. 61:2147–2150. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.08.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterbourn CC. 1995. Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: the Fenton reaction. Toxicol Lett. 82-83:969–974. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03532-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YL, Cheng HH, Lo HJ. 2006. Distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from different age populations in Taiwan. Med Mycol. 44:237–242. doi:10.1080/13693780500401213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafiriou OC, Voelker BM, Sedlak DL. 1998. Chemistry of the superoxide radical (O2-) in seawater: reactions with inorganic copper complexes. J Phys Chem A. 102:5693–5700. doi:10.1021/jp980709g
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakikhany K, Naglik JR, Schmidt-Westhausen A, Holland G, Schaller M, Hube B. 2007. In vivo transcript profiling of Candida albicans identifies a gene essential for interepithelial dissemination. Cell Microbiol. 9:2938–2954. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01009.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Zhang K, Xu D, Yang G, Huang H, Nie F, Liu C, Yang S. 2014. CuO nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications. Progr Mater Sci. 60:208–337. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng WL, Wang BJ, Wang L, Shan YP, Zou H, Song RL, Wang T, Gu JH, Yuan Y, Liu Z-P, et al. 2018. ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by zearalenone in mouse sertoli cells via ER stress and the ATP/AMPK Pathway. Toxins. 10:24. doi:10.3390/toxins10010024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziąbka M, Menaszek E, Tarasiuk J, Wroński S. 2018. Biocompatible nanocomposite implant with silver nanoparticles for otology in vivo evaluation. Nanomaterials (Basel). 8:764. doi:10.3390/nano8100764
   Google Scholar
• Zimbeck AJ, Iqbal N, Ahlquist AM, Farley MM, Harrison LH, Chiller T, Lockhart SR. 2010. FKS mutations and elevated echinocandin MIC values among Candida glabrata isolates from U.S. population-based surveillance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54:5042–5047. doi:10.1128/AAC.00836-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar