Biofilm development in potable quality water

References

• Brading , M , Boyle , J D and Lappin‐Scott , H . 1995 . Biofilm formation in laminar flow using Pseudo‐monas fluorescens EX101. . J Ind Microbiol , 15 : 297 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Busscher , H J , Bos , R and van der Mei , H C . 1995 . Initial adhesion is a determinant for the strength of biofilm adhesion. . Fems Microbiol Lett , 128 : 229 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain , AHL , Fischer , W R , Hinze , U , Paradies , H H , Sequeira , C A C , Siedlarek , H , Thies , M , Wagner , D and Wardell , J N . An interdisciplinary approach for microbially influences corrosion of copper. Proc 3rd Int EFC Workshop. Edited by: Tiller , A K and Sequeira , C A C . pp. 1 – 16 . European Federation, The Institute of Materials .
   Google Scholar
• Donlan , R M , Pipes , W O and Yohe , T L . 1994 . Biofilm formation on cast iron substrata in water distribution systems. . Water Res , 28 : 1497 – 1503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois , M , Gilles , K A , Hamilton , J K , Rebers , P A and Smith , F . 1956 . Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. . Anal Chem , 28 : 350 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , W , Paradies , H H , Wagner , D and Haenssel , I . 1992 . Copper deterioration in a water distribution system of a county hospital of Germany caused by microbially induced corrosion: description of the problem. . Werkst Korros , 43 : 56 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Geesey , G G and Costerton , J W . 1979 . Microbiology of a northern river: bacterial distribution and relationship to suspended sediment and organic carbon. . Can J Microbiol , 25 : 1058 – 1062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geesey , G G , Gillis , R J , Avci , R , Daly , D , Hamilton , W A , Shope , P and Harkin , G . 1996 . The influence of surface features on bacterial colonisation and subsequent substratum chemical changes of 316L stainless steel. . Corrosion Sci , 38 : 73 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howsman , P . 1995 . A question of scale and slime. . Water Waste Treat , April : 39 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Jess , J , Hight , N J , Eptoin , H A S , Sigee , D C , O'Neill , J G , Meier , H and Handley , P S . 1997 . “ Comparison of the API 20NE biochemical identification systems and partial 16s rRNA gene sequencing for the characterisation of culturable heterotrophs from a water distribution system biofilm. ” . In Bio‐films: Community Interactions and Control. , Edited by: Wimpenny , J , Handley , P , Gilbert , P , Lappin‐Scott , H and Jones , M . 149 – 155 . Cardiff : Bioline .
   Google Scholar
• Keevil , C W , Walker , J T , McEvoy , J and Colbourne , J S . 1989 . “ Detection of biofilms associated with pitting corrosion of copper pipework in Scottish hospitals. ” . In Biocorrosion. , Edited by: Gaylarde , L C and Morton , L H E . 99 – 117 . Kew, , England : Biodeterioration Society .
   Google Scholar
• Keevil , C W , Rogers , J and Walker , J T . 1995 . Potable water biofilms. . Microbiology (Reading) , 3 : 10 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Kerr , C J , Osborn , K S , Robson , G D and Handley , P S . 1997 . “ The effect of substratum on biofilm formation in drinking water systems. ” . In Biofilms: Community Interactions and Control. , Edited by: Wimpenny , J , Handley , P , Gilbert , P , Lappin‐Scott , H and Jones , M . 167 – 174 . Cardiff : Bioline .
   Google Scholar
• LeChevallier , M W and Babcock , T M . 1987 . Examination and characterization of distribution system biofilms. . Appl Environ Microbiol , 53 : 2714 – 2724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Evoy , J and Colbourne , J S . 1988 . Glasgow Hospital Survey Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tube , New York : International Copper Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , K . 1990 . Biofilm development on stainless steel and PVC surfaces in drinking water. . Water Res , 24 : 239 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival , S L , Beech , I B , Edyvean , R G J , Knapp , J S and Wales , D S . 1997 . Biofilm development on 304 and 316 stainless steels in a potable water system. . J Chart Instit Water Environ Manag , 11 : 289 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival , S L , Knapp , J S , Wales , D S and Edyvean , R G J . 1998a . Biofilm development on stainless steel grades 304 and 316 in mains water. . Water Res , 32 : 243 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival , S L , Knapp , J S , Wales , D S and Edyvean , R G J . 1998b . Biofilm, mains water and stainless steel. . Water Res , 32 : 2187 – 2201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival , S L , Knapp , J S , Wales , D S and Edyvean , R G J . 1998c . The effects of the physical nature of stainless steel 304 and 316 on bacterial fouling. . Br Corros J , (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Reasoner , D J and Geldreich , E E . 1985 . A new medium for enumeration and subcultured of bacteria from potable water. . Appl Environ Microbiol , 49 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , J , Dowsett , A B , Dennis , P J , Lee , J V and Keevil , C W . 1994 . Influence of plumbing materials on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water systems. . Appl Environ Microbiol , 60 : 1179 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoodley , P , deBeer , D and Lewandowski , Z . 1994 . Liquid flow in biofilm systems. . Appl Environ Microbiol , 60 : 2711 – 2716 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoodley , P , Lewandowski , Z , Boyle , J D and Lappin‐Scott , H . 1998 . Oscillation characteristics of biofilm streamers in flowing system. . Biotechnol Bioeng , (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Tuthill , A H and Avery , A E . 1994 . Survey of stainless steel performance in low chloride waters. . Public Works , 125 : 49 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , J T , Wagner , D , Fischer , W and Keevil , C W . 1994 . Rapid detection of biofilm on corroded copper pipes. . Biofouling , 8 : 47 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corresponding author; e‐mail: steven‐[email protected]‐net.com
   Google Scholar